This document provides a summary of key concepts from modules 17-19 and 41-44 relating to states of consciousness, personality, and psychological perspectives. It covers topics like sleep cycles and dreams, hypnosis, the effects of different drugs, and major theories within psychoanalytic, trait, humanistic, and socio-cognitive approaches to personality including ideas from Freud, Jung, Maslow, and Bandura.

1. Review Sheet #6
Modules17-19, 41-44
States of Consciousness and Personality
Sleep and Dreams:
- Circadian rhythms
- Alpha waves, delta waves, circadian rhythm, manifest/latent dream content
- Sleep Cycle (length of one sleep cycle)
o Stage 1 o Stage 3 o REM Sleep
o Stage 2 o Stage 4 (paradoxical)
- Sleep disorders (Night terrors, Narcolepsy, Insomnia, Sleep Apnea)
- Dream theories (wish fulfillment, information processing, activation synthesis)
- Latent vs. manifest content
- REM rebound
Hypnosis
- Age regression, hidden observer, posthypnotic suggestions
Drugs
- Depressants
- Stimulants
- Hallucinogens
Personality and Perspectives
- Psychoanalytic
o Free Association
o Dream interpretation
o Id, Ego, Superego
o Development stages (oral, anal, phallic – Oedipus complex – latency period, genital stage)
o Defense mechanisms – to cope with anxiety (repression, reaction formation, projection,
displacement, sublimation)
o Neo-Freudians
 Horney (disputed penis envy) Adler (inferiority/superiority complex), Jung
(collective unconscious)
o Projective tests (TAT, Rorschach)
- Trait
o Type A v. Type B
o Body types (ectomorphs, endomorphs, and mesomorphs)
o Personality Factors (the big 5)
o Myers-Briggs, MMPI
o Allport, Cattell (factor analysis), Eysenck
- Humanistic (also known as phenomenological)
o Maslow (hierarchy of needs)
o Rogers (unconditional positive regard)
- Socio-Cognitive
o Bandura
o Reciprocal determinism
o Rotter: Internal v. external locus of control  Learned helplessness
o Self-efficacy
o Positive Psychology (Seligman)