Rheumatology is a medical specialty that deals with non-surgical diseases of the musculoskeletal system, including over 100 disorders that can involve joints, muscles, bones, tendons and have a variety of symptoms. Rheumatologists diagnose and treat both chronic and acute conditions such as arthritis, lupus, gout, and musculoskeletal injuries. Training to become a rheumatologist takes 4 years and involves studying internal medicine, immunology, radiology, orthopedics and rehabilitation medicine to understand these often autoimmune diseases that can be difficult to diagnose and treat.