The document summarizes Vicky Bowman's presentation on responsible business practices in Myanmar's oil and gas sector. Bowman is the director of the Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business and has extensive experience in the private sector, civil service, and diplomacy. The presentation covers recent developments in Myanmar's legal and regulatory framework relevant to the oil and gas sector, including laws around private security, grievance mechanisms, corruption, and transparency. It also discusses international standards for responsible business conduct, such as the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights.

1. Responsible Business for the Oil and
Gas Sector: Current issues
Vicky Bowman
Director, Myanmar Centre for Responsible Business
Myanmar Oil and Gas Services Society
Yangon, 29 November 2019

2. About me
 Director of Myanmar Centre for Responsible
Business (MCRB) since July 2013
 Mining company Rio Tinto: HQ lead on
transparency, human rights and resource
nationalism/resource curse issues
 Civil servant/Diplomat:
• Director of Global & Economic Issues
• UK ambassador to Myanmar 2002-2006
(and 2nd Secretary 1990-1993)
• European Commission, Cabinet of
Commission Chris Patten, External
Relations
• Press spokeswoman
 Married to artist Htein Lin

3. Founders:
Financial support from governments of:
• UK
• Norway
• Switzerland
• Netherlands
• Ireland
• Denmark
MCRB aims to provide a trusted and impartial platform
for the creation of knowledge, building of capacity,
undertaking of advocacy and promotion of dialogue
amongst businesses, civil society, governments,
experts and other stakeholders with the objective of
encouraging responsible business conduct throughout
Myanmar.
စီးပြားေီးး ရီးအဖြဲ႕းြဲအဖစ္းီး ေီး၊အဖရပြားြဲ႕ကးအဖြဲ႕းြဲအဖစ္းီး းအဖစအီးရ
ဖြဲ႕းြဲအဖစ္းီး ေီးဖၾကေီးအတေဝနးယူ အ
ရအး သေအစီးပြားေီးး ရီးရပြား နးီး ေီး်ားအ းရေပြာ္ေ၊အာ၊ ဗဟ
သတရရအး စရနးအရ္းီးး ကေ းီး၊အဖရ္းဖး သးီးအသ း ေီးး စရနးအ
ရ္းီးး ကေ းီး၊ စးဦီး စးြဲ႕ကးဖၾကေီး
း ်ားးီးး းီး္အ အႇ းီး ႇ ေီး သြဲ႕စးး ပြာႈရေး စရနး း သ နး ေ နအ း ံတး း
တေဝနးယူ ႇရအး သေအစီးပြားေီးး ရီးအရပြား နးီး ေီးး ပြာႈးးနးီးရေး ရီး
ဖတးကးဖ ေီး ၏အယံၾက္း ႇကအအရရအး သေအ
သ ေသ တးကး သေအဖြဲ႕းြဲ႔ဖစ္းီး တစးရပြားအသြဲ႕စးး ပြာႈအ
ရေး စရနးအရ္းီးး ကေ းီးအရ္းရးယးြဲ႕းြဲအစ္းီးစြဲပြားသ္းပါသည္။
myanmar.responsible.business
www.mcrb.org.mm
No. 6.A Shin Saw Pu Rd, Ahlone, Yangon
Tel/Fax: 01 01-512613

4. What is ‘responsible business’?
Responsible business means business conduct that works for the long-term interests of Myanmar and its people,
based on responsible social and environmental performance within the context of international standards.
Obeys the law
Doesn’t pay bribes
or tea money
Respects its
employees
Treats customers
responsibly
Pays its taxes
Treats other
businesses
responsibly
Respects the
environment
Respects
human rights
Is transparent
Responds to
and engages
with stakeholders

5. UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights
စီးပြားေီးး ရီး း ရူ႔ဖစး းဖး ရီး ေီး်ားအ းရေ ရ းီး္နးဖး သစစံ ူ ေီး (2011)
Prof. John
Ruggie, Special
Representative
to the United
Nations
Secretary
General,
2005-2011
State duty to
PROTECT
human rights
အ း ံး တေး၏
ရူ႔ဖစး းဖး ရီး
ီး ေီး ကေကးယးရနး
တေ၀နး
Policies
ူ၀းဒ ေီး
Law and
Regulation
ဥပြား ဒ
စ္းီး ဥးီး ေီး
Adjudication
စရ းစကးစသစ းီး
Corporate responsibility
to RESPECT human
rights စီးပြားေီးး ရီး
ရပြား နးီးၾကီး ေီး၏
ရူ႔ဖစး းဖး ရီး ေီး
း ရီးစေီးရအကးနေတေ ရနး တေ၀နး
Act with due diligence to
avoid infringement
းအစအကးနစးနေ ႇ ေီး၊ ဖစး းဖး ရီး
စအီးး ြဲ႕ေကး ႇ ေီးကအ
း ရေ းၾကဥးရနး ႀကအတ း်ားနးီးစစး၊
ကေကးယးတေီးစီးသစ းီး ေီးရပြား
ပြားး ်ားေ းရနး
Address impacts
သကးး ရေကးးအစအကး ႇ ေီးကအ
း သြဲ႕ရ းီးရနး
Access to REMEDY
သပြာနးရ္း း ကေ းီး းနးး ဖေ း
သပြာသပြာ းသစ းီး/ းအစအကး
နစးနေ ႇ ေီးဖေီး
ကစေီးသစ းီး ေီးကအ
ရကးရ းီး ႇ
Effective access for victims
းအစအကးနစးနေစြဲရသူ ေီးဖတး
ကး းအး ရေကးး သေကစေီး ႇကအ
ရကးရ းီး ႇ
Judicial and non-judicial
တရေီးဥပြား ဒ၊
တရေီးရံီး း်ားအ းး သေ
နစးနေစကး ေီး ကစေီး ႇ/
တရေီးရံီး ေီး း ်ားအ းဆြဲသပြာ းပြာျပင္ပ၌
နစးနေစကး ေီး ကစေီး ႇ

6. Rest of my presentation will (quickly) cover:
 Developments in regulation relevant to responsible business in the oil and
gas sector
 Private Security Companies
 Operational Grievance Mechanisms (including in EIA process, and
Environmental Compliance Certificates)
 Corruption
 ACC notification 4/2018
 Draft Whistleblower Protection Law
 Corporate Governance and Transparency
 Pwint Thit Sa
 Environmentally sound office practices

7. Oil and Gas
1957 Petroleum Resources (Development
Regulation) Act
Environment
Environmental Conservation Law (ECL) (2012)
Environmental Conservation Rules (ECR) (2014)
EIA Procedure (2015)
National Environmental Quality (Emissions)
Guidelines (2015)
Forest Law (2018) (draft Rules under discussion)
The Conservation of Water Resources and Rivers
Law 8/2006 Amended 2017
Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas
(2018)
Freshwater Fisheries Law (1991)
Farm Land Law (2012), amended VFV Law (2019)
Land Acquisition, Resettlement and Rehabilitation Law
(2019) (rules to be written)
Labour laws (various)
Occupational Health and Safety Law (2019) (rules to be
written)
Prevention of Hazard from Chemicals and Related
Substances Law (2013)
Explosives Substance Act (1908) (Amended 2001)
Myanmar Investment Law (2016), Rules (2017)
Companies Law (2017)
Corruption Law (2013 and 4 amendments)
Competition Law
Protection of the Rights of People with Disabilities
(2015) and Rules (2017)
Protection of the Rights of Ethnic Nationalities (2015)
and Rules (2019)
Existing laws relevant to responsible oil and gas sector

8. Draft regulation under discussion which is of
interest to O&G
Status
Draft Petroleum Law in Parliament (MCRB and OPOC have submitted comments)
Draft Oil and Gas EIA Guidelines (in ECD, developed with support from Norway)
Draft EIA Public Participation Guidelines With ECD, in informal use (May 2017 draft on MCRB website – EN)
Drafting for National Land Law Committee formed under UAGO
OSH sectoral rules for O&G Being developed by MOLIP and MOGE? (ILO support)
Possibility of compulsory disability quota National Committee on Disability (MCRB is submitting options
paper)
Draft Income Tax Law Early draft online at ird.gov.mm
Deadline for comments end December
Roll-out of EITI requirements on Beneficial
Ownership, Politically exposed Persons and
Contract Transparency (PSCs)
MEITI Secretariat, DICA, EITI Multistakeholder Group
Draft Whistleblower Protection Law Anti-Corruption Commission
Draft Private Security Companies Law Draft with Police Dept/MoHA

9. Notification 58/2019 of 23 April 2019: Reorganisation of the Security
Oversight Committee (see Myanmar Gazette 2 July 2019)
The roles and responsibilities of Security Oversight Committee chaired by Deputy Minister of Home Affairs are as
follows:
 Oversight of companies registered under the Ministry of Planning and Finance who are providing security
services as follows:
 Establishing qualifications for company employees providing security services
 Ensuring security staff attend necessary security training
 Coordination and scrutiny with relevant departments/ministries concerning necessary security equipment for
use by security companies
 Scrutinising and permitting staff organisation and strength
 Coordinating with security authorities to ensure that uniforms, badges and designations are distinct from those
of the authorities
 Oversight of the operations of security companies to ensure that they are systematic and in line with the rules
 Investigation of any cases of private security companies undertaking activities in violation of the rules laid
down by the committee
 Checking whether private security services are advertising and operating under the name registered with
government agencies, or using other names or imitating government organisations
 Checking whether private security companies are imitating government organisations, or abetting others to do
so
 Warning organisations who are not complying with the designated activities, and taking action against them in
accordance with existing laws.

10. Voluntary Principles on Security and Human
Rights
 Framework for extractives companies developed in 2000 to effectively manage
security and human rights risk in complex environments, with practical
guidelines:
• Comprehensive risk assessment on security risks and potential for human
rights impacts
• Interaction with Public Security Providers (army, police etc) in a way that
promotes protection of human rights
• Interaction with Private Security Providers (companies) in a manner that
respects human rights
• Aligned to the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (2011),
and now used by World Bank/IFC etc
 Multistakeholder platform where companies, governments, and NGOs can jointly
solve problems, and build best practice on security and human rights challenges:
 MCRB is Secretariat for in-country Steering Committee in Myanmar

11. VPSHR: Who? (participants at international level)
 Companies:
 Oil and Gas: BHP Billiton, BP, Chevron, ConocoPhillips, ExxonMobil, Frontera Energy,
Galp Energia, Hess Corporation, Oil Search, Seven Energy, Shell, Statoil, Total, Tullow
Oil, Woodside Energy
 Mining: Agnico Eagle, Alphamin Bisie Mining SA, Anglo American, AngloGold Ashanti,
Barrick Gold Corporation, Freeport-McMoRan, Glencore, Goldcorp, Newcrest Mining,
Newmont Mining, Norsk Hydro, PanAust, Repsol, Rio Tinto, Sherritt International, Vale
 Governments: Argentina, Australia, Canada, Colombia, Ghana, The Netherlands, Norway,
Switzerland, United Kingdom, United States
 NGOs: CDA Collaborative Learning (RAFT in Myanmar), Coginta, COMPPART, The Fund
for Peace, Human Rights Watch, IMPACT, International Alert, LITE-Africa, New Nigeria
Foundation, Pact, Partners for Democratic Change International, PAX, Search for Common
Ground
 Observers: Comité Minero Energético (CME), Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of
Armed Forces (DCAF), International Council of Mining and Metals (ICMM), World
Bank/International Finance Corporation (IFC), Institute for Human Rights and Business (co-
founder of MCRB), International Committee of the Red Cross, IPIECA (oil and gas
companies), and ICoCA (international organisation for security companies).

12. www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/my/resources/ipieca-guide-translation.html
What is an operational grievance
mechanism (OGM)?
Company level
May be called
• Operational Grievance
Mechanism
• Complaints and
Grievance Mechanism
• Grievance Redress
Mechanism
• Complaints Procedure

13. According to the UN Guiding Principle (31), Operational Grievance
Mechanisms should be:
1. Legitimate တရေီး၀ း ႇ၊ ဖ ေီးယံၾက္းရကးစံ ႇ?
2. Accessible ရကးရ းီး ဖသံီးသပြာ အ း ႇ?
3. Predictable ႀကအတ းစနး႔ နးီး အ း ႇ?
4. Equitable တရေီး တ ႇ?
5. Transparent ပြား းရ းီးသ းသေ ႇ
6. Rights-compatible ဖစး းဖး ရီး ေီး းကအကး္ ႇရအသစ းီး
7. Continuous learning စဥး်ားကး သပြာတးး ရရေသ းယူ ႇ
8. Based on engagement and dialogue ္အ အႇ းီးး ်ားးီး း းီးသစ းီး းအ
ဖသပြာနးဖရနး း တး႔်ားံး ်ားးီးအး းီး ႇကအအဖး ရီးးေီးး ်ားေ းရးကးသစ းီး
13

14. Myanmar EIA and Operational Grievance
Mechanism (OGM)
 ‘Operational Grievance Mechanism’ not specifically mentioned in EIA
Procedure
 However EIA Procedure 91(a) General Management is relevant.
 It allows the Ministry in the Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC)
to prescribe conditions concerning
 (i) procedures and management systems to identify, control, prevent
and minimise all Adverse Impacts …
 (iv) procedures to improve the environmental and social performance
of the project
 (vi) documentation, reporting and information disclosure procedures.
 OGM guidelines are given in detail in ECD’s May 2017 Draft Guidelines
on Public Participation, based on 8 criteria of UNGPs.
 OGM requirement has been included in ECCs issued to date e.g. Myint
and Associates OSB, Posco

15. Notification 14/2018 of the Anti-Corruption Commission:
principles for company anti-corruption codes of conduct
a) Strong, effective policy and support from
top-level management to fight corruption
b) Risk assessment to effectively identify and
evaluate exposure to corruption
c) Enhanced and detailed measures for high-
risk and vulnerable areas
d) Application of anti-corruption measures to
business partners
e) Accurate books and accounting records
f) Human resource management policies
complementary to anti-corruption measures
g) Establish trustworthy reporting
mechanisms to report suspected corrupt
behavior.
h) Periodic review and evaluation of
anticorruption prevention measures.
ကပါသည္။ ဖဂတအရအကးစေီး ႇတအကးြဲ႕ ကးး ရီးဖတးကး စအ း ေ၍ းအး ရေကး ႇရအး သေ
ူဝးဒစ တးရနး းဖ်ားအပြား ူဝးဒကအ ဖသ း်ားံီး စ ံစနး႔စြဲး ႇ း းေကးစံ ႇရအရနးပါသည္။
စ ပါသည္။ဖဂတအရအကးစေီး အ းး သစ ဖ ၱရေယးရအ ႇကအ းအး ရေကးစးေ း ရရေ်ားနးီးစစး
း ြဲ႕ေးးတး၍ သံီးသပြား ဖကြဲသြဲ႕တးရနး ႇ ရအရနးပါသည္။
ဂပါသည္။ဖဂတအရအကးစေီး အ းး သစဖ ၱရေယးရအ ႇသ း ေီးမပြာီးးအရးယးရရးယးး သေ
နယးပြာယး ေီးဖတးကးပြာအ အတအကး သေဖး သီးစအတးး ်ားေ းရးကး ႇ ေီးးေီးရအရနးပါသည္။
ဃ ပါသည္။ ဖဂတအရအကးစေီး ႇတအကးြဲ႕ ကးး ရီးဖတးကး း ်ားေ းရးကး ႇ ေီးသ္း
အ အရပြား နးီး ေီး သေ က စအတး်ားကးး ်ားေ းရးကးး နး သေ
ရပြား နးီးကး းီး်ားကး ေီး ဖေီးရံီး း ဖက ံီးဝ း း စရနးပါသည္။
ပါသည္။ စေရ းီး ယေီး ေီး း စေရ းီး တးတ းီး ေီးကအ စနစးက နးကနးစးေ
းေီးရအရနးပါသည္။
စပါသည္။ ဖဂတအရအကးစေီး ႇ တအကးြဲ႕ကးး ရီးကအ ဖး းေကး ဖကူသြဲ႕စးး စ ္း
ရူ႔စး းီးဖေီး ဖရ းီးဖသ စး စ ံစနး႔စးြဲ ႇ ူဝးဒ ေီး းေီးရအရနးပါသည္။
်ားပါသည္။ ဖဂတအရအကးစေီးး ၾကေ းီး သံသယရအ ႇကအ သတ းီးး ပြာီးပြာအ႔ အ းး သေ
ယံၾက္းစအတးစရသ္း ယ ၱရေီး ေီး းေီးရအရနးပါသည္။
ပါသည္။ ဖဂတအရအကးစေီး ႇ တေီး်ားီးကေကးယးး ရီး း ်ားေ းရးကး ႇ ေီးဖး ပြာႈ
ပြာံ နးသံီးသပြား ဖကြဲသြဲ႕တး ႇ စနစးးေီးရအရနးပါသည္။

16. 2%
22%
65%
11%
Listed Companies (5) Public Companies (55)
Private Companies (160) State-owned (28)
248
Pwint Thit Sa Report 2019
ASEAN
Corporate
Governance
Scorecard
Integrated Reporting
Framework
Corporate
governance
Corporate
profile
Reporting
Sustainability
management

17. Pwint Thit Sa 2019 results

18. The 6th Pwint Thit Sa report - 2020
 Review and revise criteria (mainly the same as 2019 – will
mention corporate governance of donations)
 Launch methodology Dec 2019 or Jan 2020
 Establish list of companies to be included (Jan 2020):
 Listed companies
 Public companies with > 100 shareholders
 Banks
 State-owned enterprises
 Top 100 income tax and 100 commercial tax payers
 April 2018-March 2019 Tax Year
 Volunteer companies
 Research H1 2020
 Draft score H2 2020
 Publish 6th Pwint Thit Sa report September 2020
Sixth Report
2020

19. Greener company office practices
 MCRB Green Meeting Guidelines
 Minimise plastic bottles
 Minimising liter through avoiding packaging
(table sweets, sugar, milk powder etc)
 Aircon and lighting
 Foodchoices (less meat)
 Stationery (recycled paper including flipchart
paper)
 No vinyl backdrops – use a projector
 Promotional gifts: make them useful e.g.
reusable water bottles, cups, food
www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/pdf/Green-Meeting-
Guidelines_my.pdf
 Join us in pushing forr an end to balloon launches:
 Latex balloons take a year to degrade, and
murders marine life (turtles, seabirds)
 Mylex (nylon and metallic) do not degrade at all
 Use bubbles or reusable decorations e.g.
bunting rubberjellyfishmovie.com

20. www.mcrb.org.mm
myanmar.responsible.business