Colonialism in Canada involved the exploitation of First Nations peoples and their lands through a series of policies and acts. The Indian Act of 1876 gave the government control over First Nations communities and attempted to assimilate indigenous cultures. Over time, diseases, loss of land, and the residential school system severely damaged First Nations populations and cultures. Modern responses from First Nations involve efforts to regain autonomy and protect their rights and traditions.
Eoct review questions gps 25 late cold war and modern politicsphillipgrogers
Late Cold War and Modern Politics Richard Nixon detente stagflation Roe v. Wade Watergate Gerald Ford Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Reaganomics Ronald Reagan Berlin Wall Iran-Contra Scandal George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Gore September 11th
Slideshow detailing the major causes of the American Revolution. Used as a resource with the textbook: The American Journey. This is not a slideshow I created, but a resource given by the publisher.
Eoct review questions gps 25 late cold war and modern politicsphillipgrogers
Late Cold War and Modern Politics Richard Nixon detente stagflation Roe v. Wade Watergate Gerald Ford Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Reaganomics Ronald Reagan Berlin Wall Iran-Contra Scandal George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Gore September 11th
Slideshow detailing the major causes of the American Revolution. Used as a resource with the textbook: The American Journey. This is not a slideshow I created, but a resource given by the publisher.
3. What is Colonialism?
• Exploitation colonialism - Exploitation by a
stronger party over a weaker sovereign’s resources.
• Settler colonialism - People moving into another
region to make a living, usually farm.
5. What are examples of Colonialism
Around the World?
• Australia, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong -
Colonized by the British
6. What are examples of Colonialism
Around the World?
• Australia, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong -
Colonized by the British
• Algeria, Vietnam/Laos/Cambodia(Indochina) -
Colonized by French.
7. What are examples of Colonialism
Around the World?
• Australia, New Zealand, India, Hong Kong -
Colonized by the British
• Algeria, Vietnam/Laos/Cambodia(Indochina) -
Colonized by French.
• Philippines (also by Spain), U.S. Virgin Islands,
Hawaii - Colonized by the U.S.
8. Effects of Colonialism
around the World
• India - East India Trading
Company adopted mercantilist
policies.
• Indochina - Tropical fruit and
crops. French border disputes
and racial tensions result in
wars.
• Australia - Smallpox brought in
by whites lead to population
decimation
11. Steps to Colonialism
in Canada
• Fur Trade among French,
British companies and the
natives result in temporary
settlements.
12. Steps to Colonialism
in Canada
• Fur Trade among French,
British companies and the
natives result in temporary
settlements.
• French and British establish
mercantilism as national policies
- 15th-17th century. Ideas such
as the triangular trade were
implemented.
13. Steps to Colonialism
in Canada
• Fur Trade among French,
British companies and the
natives result in temporary
settlements.
• French and British establish
mercantilism as national policies
- 15th-17th century. Ideas such
as the triangular trade were
implemented.
• Emphasis on colonies to export
goods to motherland.
14. Steps to Colonialism
in Canada
• Fur Trade among French,
British companies and the
natives result in temporary
settlements.
• French and British establish
mercantilism as national policies
- 15th-17th century. Ideas such
as the triangular trade were
implemented.
• Emphasis on colonies to export
goods to motherland.
15. Start of Colonialism
• Treaties - negotiated to make the West available for
settlement.
• Constitution Act (1867)/ BNA Act - gave government
(gov’t) powers over First Nations People(FNP) and their
land.
• Indian Act (1876) - attempted to assimilate FNP, took
rights away from ‘status Indians’.
• Residential schools were put into use to ‘integrate FNP’.
16. ‘Indian Treaties’
• Formal negotiations between
FN and the gov’t.
• Primary focus was to aid
colonization and settlement.
• The Aboriginal Title to the
land was lost and controlled
by the gov’t.
• Also defines who is considered
‘Indian’.
17. Constitution Act 1867
(BNA)
• Settlers liked the BNA
because it created Dominion
of Canada.
• Its purpose was to profit
settlers, not the FNP.
• As a result, many FN land
became under federal gov’t
control.
18. Indian Act (1876)
• Enfranchisement Act (1869)
encourages assimilation - women lose
status.
• Further outlines ‘Indian Status’ and
the rights they have, but they did not
have full privileges.
• Gave government power over FN
communities, replaced traditional
forms of gov’t.
• (1885) Ban on cultural ceremonies,
e.g. potlatch and sundance. FNP did
not accept, many ignored the ban.
19. Residential Schools
(1886)
• Created to assimilate FN, the
schools disallowed FN children
from speaking native languages.
• Led to loss of language and
culture.
• Child abuse was rampant
among many schools.
• As a result FN culture was
heavily affected.
21. Long Term Effects
• Disease decimated whole populations of FNP. The
majority became white settlers.
22. Long Term Effects
• Disease decimated whole populations of FNP. The
majority became white settlers.
• Change from fur trading to settlement took power away
from FN control in trading. In BC, the Klondike rush gave
many difficulties because of a violent population influx.
23. Long Term Effects
• Disease decimated whole populations of FNP. The
majority became white settlers.
• Change from fur trading to settlement took power away
from FN control in trading. In BC, the Klondike rush gave
many difficulties because of a violent population influx.
• Farming by settlers voided FN control over large areas of
land.
24. Long Term Effects
• Disease decimated whole populations of FNP. The
majority became white settlers.
• Change from fur trading to settlement took power away
from FN control in trading. In BC, the Klondike rush gave
many difficulties because of a violent population influx.
• Farming by settlers voided FN control over large areas of
land.
• The new economy required FN to become wage labourers.
26. Early Resistance
• Most early resistance was peaceful,
many FNP were protested about
the loss of their rights and the
separation of their land.
27. Early Resistance
• Most early resistance was peaceful,
many FNP were protested about
the loss of their rights and the
separation of their land.
• Red River Rebellion (1869) - Louis
Riel and the Métis fought to protect
Assiniboia (Manitoba) and
recognize it as a province.
28. Early Resistance
• Most early resistance was peaceful,
many FNP were protested about
the loss of their rights and the
separation of their land.
• Red River Rebellion (1869) - Louis
Riel and the Métis fought to protect
Assiniboia (Manitoba) and
recognize it as a province.
• Northwest Rebellions (1885) - Louis
Riel led an unsuccessful revolt
against the Dominion of Canada
for not protecting their rights.
29. Early Resistance
• Most early resistance was peaceful,
many FNP were protested about
the loss of their rights and the
separation of their land.
• Red River Rebellion (1869) - Louis
Riel and the Métis fought to protect
Assiniboia (Manitoba) and
recognize it as a province.
• Northwest Rebellions (1885) - Louis
Riel led an unsuccessful revolt
against the Dominion of Canada
for not protecting their rights.
30. Indian Act Legacy
• Many FNP defied the restrictions of the potlatch ban (1885),
and did not desire to ‘enfranchise’ themselves and lose Indian
status.
• 1951 Revision:
• Responsibility for FN was in the minister of Indian Affairs.
• Emphasized additional powers to ‘more advanced...’
bands, and kept the gender-biased enfranchisement.
• However, removed bans on cultural practices (potlatches,
etc...)
31. Indian Act cont’
• 1985 - Gov’t Introduced Bill C-31
• Repealed sexist enfranchisement of FN women
• Recent revisions increase band control over reserves.
• Indian Act Optional Modification Act (1996) was
heavily opposed by FN, got rejected.
• Public resistance from FN has helped in creating
amendments.
33. When did FN get the
right to Vote?
• 1960 - Prime Minister John Diefenbaker gives FNP
the right to vote in federal election.
34. When did FN get the
right to Vote?
• 1960 - Prime Minister John Diefenbaker gives FNP
the right to vote in federal election.
• Major milestone for FN resistance
35. When did FN get the
right to Vote?
• 1960 - Prime Minister John Diefenbaker gives FNP
the right to vote in federal election.
• Major milestone for FN resistance
• Gave FN more political power.
37. White Paper (1969)
• Intent was to remove ‘Native Status’
• Repealed the Indian Act
• Attempted to remove federal gov’t responsibility to
FN
• Disregarded FN land claims
39. Red Paper
• Primary FN response to White Paper
• Countered all the ideas in the White Paper
• Many FN across the country protested against the passing of the White Paper
• In 1970, the White Paper was revoked
40. Red Paper
• Primary FN response to White Paper
• Countered all the ideas in the White Paper
• Many FN across the country protested against the passing of the White Paper
• In 1970, the White Paper was revoked
41. Health Transfer
Policy (1970)
• Mercury poisoning from a chemicals company
causes FN in Dryden, ON, to fall ill due to polluted
fish.
• FN fisheries were closed by ON gov’t.
• Leads to signing of Health Transfer Policy, which
gave FN more control over their health services.
43. Meech Lake Accord
(1990)
• Planned to obtain Quebec’s
compliance with the
Constitution Act (1982)
• FN believed that the Accord
should be rejected: it could
give gov’t power over FN
affairs, and wanted sufficient
representation in the Act.
• Elijah Harper, a native MP,
44. Meech Lake Accord
(1990)
• Planned to obtain Quebec’s
compliance with the
Constitution Act (1982)
• FN believed that the Accord
should be rejected: it could
give gov’t power over FN
affairs, and wanted sufficient
representation in the Act.
• Elijah Harper, a native MP,
45. Constitution Express
• A large group of FN around Canada rallied on a
train trip called the Constitution Express,
protesting for recognition of Aboriginal rights in
the new Constitution Act of 1980.
48. Modern Responses
• FN are now in a continuing fight against ‘Neo-
Colonialism’.
• They are striving to regain rights lost in the past.
49. Modern Responses
• FN are now in a continuing fight against ‘Neo-
Colonialism’.
• They are striving to regain rights lost in the past.
• FN are attempting to ensure rights in new bills, like
the Constitution.
51. Native Organizations
• The Allied Indian Tribes was
created to resist an attempt of
extinguishing Aboriginal land
title (1912 - 1916).
52. Native Organizations
• The Allied Indian Tribes was
created to resist an attempt of
extinguishing Aboriginal land
title (1912 - 1916).
• The Native Brotherhood of BC
emerged in the 1930s and
became crucial to improving FN
human rights.
53. Native Organizations
• The Allied Indian Tribes was
created to resist an attempt of
extinguishing Aboriginal land
title (1912 - 1916).
• The Native Brotherhood of BC
emerged in the 1930s and
became crucial to improving FN
human rights.
• The Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs
(UBCIC) was founded to combat
the White Paper in 1969.
54. Native Organizations
• The Allied Indian Tribes was
created to resist an attempt of
extinguishing Aboriginal land
title (1912 - 1916).
• The Native Brotherhood of BC
emerged in the 1930s and
became crucial to improving FN
human rights.
• The Union of B.C. Indian Chiefs
(UBCIC) was founded to combat
the White Paper in 1969.
55. Nisga’a Final
Agreement
• First FN BC treaty since Treaty, effective from 2000.
• Nisga’a finally acquired a treaty.
• The treaty provided government for Nisga’a villages
and tribes.
• Secured areas of the Nass river for the Nisga’a.
• Nisga’a government is still in conjunction with
provincial and federal laws.