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Respiratory-and-Circulatory-Diseases.ppt
- 7. Conditions Affecting the Respiratory System Asthma Bronchitis Pneumonia Common cold Lung cancer Emphysema Rhinitis Tonsillitis Tuberculosis Cystic fibrosis (CF) Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
- 8. ASTHMA Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder Constriction of the bronchial airways, resulting to difficulty in breathing.
- 9. ASTHMA CAUSES Generally it is thought that asthma is somewhat inherited TRIGGERS – include pollen, dust, smoke, pets SYMPTOMS Chest tightness Wheezing Night-time cough Restricted breathing
- 10. ASTHMA – Prevention/treatment Prevention: Avoid asthma triggers Get vaccinated for influenza and Pneumonia Treatment IMMEDIATE Nebulizer Inhalers LONG-TERM some patients use a corticosteroid treatment to control spasms in the bronchioles Patients with severe asthma may even take stronger medications such as Prednisone
- 11. BRONCHITIS An infection of the bronchi 2 types: -acute -chronic
- 12. 1. Acute – caused by a bacteria - treated with antibiotics 2. Chronic – long term - usually caused by an irritant – ie smoking - cilia become damaged and can’t clear debris BRONCHITIS
- 13. CAUSES Viral or bacterial in nature Associate d with BRONCHITIS
- 14. BRONCHITIS SYMPTOMS: Cough with sputum Wheezing Tight chest Shortness of breath TREATMENT Relieved by bronchodilator PREVENTION Do not smoke/Quit smoking
- 15. PNEUMONIA Inflammation of the lungs due to infection The alveoli become inflamed and fill with liquid
- 16. X-RAY OF PNEUMONIA Patient has pneumonia in the right lung (note:white mass = fluid) Lungs should appear black on an x-ray
- 17. PNEUMONIA CAUSES Bacteria Fungi Viruses (including SARS-CoV, MERs-CoV, and recently SARS-CoV-2) SYMPTOMS Chest pain Cough with phlegm Fatigue Chills and Fever Shortness of breath Nausea Vomiting
- 18. PNEUMONIA Prevention: Get vaccinated Good hygiene Do not smoke Cure: If bacteria, Antibiotics If viral, Rest with lots of fluid intake
- 19. COMMON COLD Viral infection affecting the nose and throat SYMPTOMS Characterize by cough, runny nose, watery eyes, stuffy nose, sneezing, headache and sore throat
- 20. COMMON COLD CAUSES More than 200 types of cold viruses TREATMENT Rest, and plenty of fluids- NOT antibiotics No cure or vaccine
- 21. The best way to reduce the chances of getting a cold… WASH HANDS!
- 22. LUNG CANCER Abnormal cells multiply and form malignant tumors called carcinomas Carcinomas impede healthy lung tissue – making breathing difficult
- 24. LUNG CANCER SYMPTOMS Cough that does not go away Coughing up blood Shortness of breath Chest pain Headache Hoarseness CAUSES Cigarette Smoking Secondhand smoke Gene changes
- 25. LUNG CANCER - causes Carcinogens (cancer-causing agents) in cigarette smoke are the leading cause of lung cancer
- 27. Lung Cancer—treatment Prevention: Do not smoke/Quit smoking Avoid secondhand smoke Treatment: Surgery Chemotherapy Radiotherapy
- 28. EMPHYSEMA A chronic respiratory disorder The alveolar walls break down & lose their elasticity Surface area is greatly reduced – breathing is difficult
- 29. EMPHYSEMA CAUSES usually from many years of smoking Effects are permanent and incurable Older individuals are more susceptible to this disease SYMPTOMS Frequent coughing and wheezing Shortness of breath
- 30. EMPHYSEMA - treatment Low-flow oxygen tank – delivers a higher oxygen concentration Lung volume reduction surgery (LVR) – removal of damaged tissue to let healthy tissue work more efficiently
- 31. EMPHYSEMA - prevention Frequent coughing and wheezing Shortness of breath
- 32. TONSILLITIS Infection (usually viral) of the tonsils If a child has many infections, the tonsils are surgically removed
- 33. TONSILLITIS It is believed the tonsils help prevent bacteria and other pathogens from entering the body – therefore a removal may increase the number of illnesses later in life
- 34. CYSTIC FIBROSIS Genetic condition An abnormal gene causes the cells lining the alveoli to secrete a thick, sticky mucus Mucus attracts bacteria and numerous infections result
- 35. CYSTIC FIBROSIS - treatment There is no cure – life expectancy is usually low – early 30s Medicines are used to thin the mucus Antibiotics are given for infections
- 36. CYSTIC FIBROSIS New treatments include gene therapy An inhaler is used to spray healthy versions of the abnormal gene – the healthy genes can then make proper mucus
- 37. RHINITIS o Inflammation of the mucous lining of the nose SYMPTOMS o Sneezing o Runny nose o Watery eye o Itchiness
- 38. RHINITIS CAUSES o Viral (acute rhinitis) o Allergic reaction to tree or grass pollen, dust, animal dander (allergic rhinitis)
- 39. TREATMENT o Avoid allergens o A non-sedative antihistamine and decongestant may be taken RHINITIS
- 40. Tuberculosis o Infection characterized by the inflamation of nodules in the tissues o May occur in other body parts such as larynx, brain, joints etc.
- 41. SYMPTOMS o Persistent coughing o Deep pain on the chest when breathing o Coughing out blood o Weakness, fever Tuberculosis
- 43. TREATMENT o Correct combination of antibiotics o Prevented by BCG vaccine, a live bacterial vaccine usually given to children Tuberculosis
- 44. CAUSES o Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) SYMPTOMS Most common symptoms are: Fever Dry cough Tiredness Less common symptoms are: Aches and pains Sore throat Diarrhea Conjunctivitis (pink eye) Headache Loss of taste and smell Rashes Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Serious symptoms: Difficulty in breathing Chest pain Loss of speech and movement
- 45. Prevention: Wash your hands regularly Maintain physical distancing Avoid touching your face Cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing Avoid smoking Wear face mask STAY AT HOME Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)
- 47. Conditions Affecting the Circulatory System Atherosclerosis High blood pressure Stroke Heart attack Hemophilia Leukemia Anemia
- 48. Atherosclerosis plaque builds up within the blood vessel wall Causes: Smoking Excessive alcohol intake Diabetes High Blood Pressure High Cholesterol Overweight
- 49. Atherosclerosis Prevention: Reduce the amount of stress in your everyday life Change diet to reduce the amount of sodium, fats and cholesterol. Regular Medical checkups Treatment: Medication Exercise regularly Healthy diet
- 50. o Also known as hypertension o “silent killer” o The force or pressure developed by the heart, which acts to pump blood through the circulatory system. High Blood Pressure
- 51. Blood Pressure Two Distinct pressures that are measured!! Systolic: A measure of the maximum force or pressure developed in the arteries when the heart contracts Diastolic: A measure of the lowest pressure, which occur in the arteries during cardiac relaxation.
- 52. Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer: An instrument used to measure blood pressure. Stethoscope: An instrument used to listen to the sounds of the heart, or listen to the flow of blood through the vessels when measuring the blood pressure.
- 53. HYPERTENSION CAUSES Obesity Diabetes High salt intake Lack of fruits and vegetable in the diet Family history TREATMENT Medication Change your lifestyle
- 54. “Brain Attack” Happens when a cluster of blood cells blocks blood vessels in the brain. STROKE
- 55. STROKE SYMPTOMS Sudden numbness Weakness in the arm, leg and face especially if it occurs on only one side of the body Slurred speech Vision changes
- 56. STROKE CAUSES Smoking Diabetes Hypertension High level of cholesterol Family history Excessive alcohol intake
- 57. Prevention: Don’t Smoke Drink in moderation (21) Get cholesterol checked Exercise 30 minutes daily Consume a low fat diet Treatment: Medication Rehabilitation STROKE
- 58. “Myocardial Infarction or MI” Damage or death of the heart muscle due to blockage of coronary artery from the blood clot HEART ATTACK
- 59. HEART ATTACK CAUSES Diabetes Smoking Family history Hypertension High cholesterol TREATMENT Medication/surgery Change your lifestyle
- 60. Blood does not clot properly Prevention: No prevention, you are born a hemophiliac Treatment: Transfusions of blood clotting factors. HEMOPHILIA
- 61. Abnormal white blood cells In time they may crowd out normal white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. LEUKEMIA
- 62. Lack of red blood cells or cells that do not carry enough oxygen; o May cause weakness and low energy levels. Prevention: Eat foods that are rich in Iron Treatment: Rest ANEMIA
- 63. Your blood is unable to circulate properly. There is no prevention for sickle-cell anemia since you are born with it. Treatments: Blood Transfusions Medication Normal Blood Cell Sickle Cell SICKLE CELL ANEMIA