The respiratory system includes the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. The nose warms and filters inhaled air using hairs, mucus, and the nasal septum. The pharynx is a muscular passage divided into nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx. The larynx, or voice box, contains the vocal cords and glottis. The trachea is a tube lined with ciliated epithelium that branches into the primary bronchi and lungs. The lungs are divided into lobes and surrounded by the pleura, occupying the thoracic cavity except for the mediastinum.

1. Respiratory system

2. Nose , pharynx ,larynx
,trachea ,bronchi , and the
lungs.

3. Nose
The nostril is the external nose opening.
Nasal cavity is divided by nasal septum.
The olfactory receptors are found in superior
part of nasal cavity just below ethmoid bone
Respiratory nasal mucosa rest on a rich
network of thin walled veins, that warms the
air as it flow past
Epistaxis is common and profuse
Sticky mucus produced by mucosal glands,
moistened and trap bacteria air posteriorly
The rest is ciliated respiratory mucosa, cilia
moves contaminated mucus to pharynx

4. The lateral wall has three bony
projections the chonchae.
It increase the surface area of mucosa
exposed to air, and cause air
turbulence to trap foreign particles
The nose is separated from the mouth
by the palate, the anterior part is
bony, posterior part is fleshy.

6. paranasal sinuses
• Surround nasal cavity
• Amplify sounds we speak
• Make bone of skull lighter
• Mucosal lining of sinuses is continuous with
nasal passages and throat, so infection
spread to them sinusitis
• Headache and upper jaw pain is usual
result

8. Pharynx
Is muscular passage 13 cm in length?
It is divided in to
Nasopharynx Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

9. Auditory tube opens into naso- pharynx.
Tonsil is a cluster of lymphoid tissue.
Otitis media result from spread of
infection from naso-pharynx
Pharyngeal tonsil is located high in
nasopharynx called adenoids
The palatine tonsils located in
Oropharynx, lingual tonsil at base of
the tongue.

10. Larynx
Is the voice box, below
pharynx?
It is formed of nine
cartilages, the largest
are thyroid, cricoid,
and the leaf like which
cover the laryngeal
opening, the epiglottis

11. The true vocal cords
are ligaments
covered by mucous
membrane.
They vibrate with
expelled air
Glottis is the slit like
pathway between
vocal cords
The lower part of larynx
and upper part of
trachea.

12. Trachea
Is 10-12 cm in length?
Begins at lower border of cricoid cartilage.
Ends at level of T4-5, at Sternal angle.
The trachea has C shaped cartilaginous rings,
to keep it open, and allow food to pass to
esophagus.
Lined by ciliated epithelium moves upward
Tracheostomy is life saving open in trachea

13. Tracheostomy and T tube

14. Primary bronchi
Start at angle of Lewis,
by division of trachea
RT is wider, shorter and
more in line with
trachea.
Foreign bodies usually
enter right bronchus

15. Continue
The primary bronchi enter lung ,divide into
secondary and tertiary bronchi
Smallest of conducting passages is
bronchioles
This is called respiratory tree
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar duct and
alveolar sacs and alveoli are site of gas
exchange
Rest are conducting zone structure

16. Lungs
Occupy most of thoracic cavity except,
the central part called the mediastinum
(heart, big vessels).
Lung has apex below the clavicle, base
rest on diaphragm.
Divided by fissures into lobes, RT has
three lobes, LT has two lobes.
The lung is covered by glistening
membrane the pleura which has parietal
and visceral layer
Pleurisy inflammation of pleura