This document discusses several chronic respiratory diseases including pulmonary emphysema, pneumonia, atelectasis, asthma, tuberculosis, and dyspnea. Pulmonary emphysema is caused by years of smoking and results in destruction of lung tissue and impaired gas exchange. Pneumonia causes inflammation and fluid buildup in the alveoli, reducing their function. Atelectasis is the collapse of alveoli due to obstruction or lack of surfactant. Asthma involves bronchiolar constriction causing difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis forms lesions that can destroy lung tissue if left untreated. Dyspnea is the sensation of breathlessness caused by respiratory abnormalities, work of breathing, or psychological factors.