This document provides background information and outlines the objectives and methodology for a study on factors affecting the academic performance of postgraduate students at Uganda Management Institute's Gulu Center. Specifically, the study aims to examine the relationship between academic performance and three factors: students' admission points, their parents' socioeconomic status, and their former school background. The literature review discusses previous research supporting the hypothesized relationships between these factors and academic performance. The proposed methodology is a qualitative design utilizing questionnaires distributed to current and past postgraduate students and their facilitators at UMI Gulu Center. The responses will be analyzed to determine the influence of the three independent variables on students' academic performance.
This document contains a research proposal submitted by Noor Hasmida Binti Mohd Khair to study the use of ICT in teaching visual arts and design. The proposal includes an introduction providing background on ICT and how it relates to visual arts. It then states the problem being examined, which is students' lack of interest and skills in visual arts. The objectives are to determine how ICT can motivate students, improve artwork quality, and enhance teaching effectiveness. The proposal also includes research questions, hypotheses, definitions of key terms, and limitations. The significance is explained as providing benefits to students, teachers, and educational institutions for developing creative skills using ICT.
The document discusses a research study that aimed to assess the perceived effectiveness of student assistants assigned to selected offices at Holy Cross of Davao College. Specifically, it sought to understand the student assistants' perceived level of job performance, relationships with coworkers and clients, job satisfaction, ability to cope with stress, and overall effectiveness. The study used a descriptive research design and questionnaires to gather data from 37 student assistants in the guidance office, internet laboratory, and library. The findings showed that the student assistants generally felt they performed their tasks well and often maintained good relationships and satisfaction in their roles, though those in the library reported higher performance levels. The researchers recommended the student assistants be responsible in fulfilling their duties and that effective service comes from serving
This document presents an e-poster for a research study on the problems and prospects of teaching Telugu as a second language in Mauritius. The study aims to identify difficulties teachers face in teaching Telugu and learning difficulties students face. It also aims to find solutions and investigate current teaching methodology. The researcher plans to survey Telugu students and teachers, analyze textbooks, and use interviews, questionnaires, observations, and triangulation to collect and analyze data. The expected outcomes are insights into challenges, their impact, and effective ways to address issues to benefit teachers, students, and other stakeholders in improving Telugu language teaching and learning.
Research proposal : The use of mind map in writing literary essayshazilaabdullah
This research proposal examines the effectiveness of using mind maps to help secondary students write literary essays. It hypothesizes that using mind maps can improve students' ability to organize ideas and will lead to higher scores on literary essays. The study will use an experimental design with a treatment group that receives training on using mind maps and a control group. Both groups will take a pre-test and post-test literary essay to measure score gains. A questionnaire will also gather students' perceptions of using mind maps. The study aims to provide evidence on whether mind maps improve literary essay writing and organization of ideas.
This document discusses how economic factors affect educational planning. It begins by defining key economic concepts like investment, saving, consumption, and production, and how they relate to educational planning. It explains that educational planning requires understanding economics because resources are limited and choices must be made. The document also discusses applying economic concepts to educational planning, characteristics of analyzing education through an economic lens, and some weaknesses of economic influences on education. Overall, the document analyzes how economics influences educational planning and decision making.
Example Dissertation Proposal Defense Power Point SlideDr. Vince Bridges
Vincent Bridges will defend his dissertation proposal on examining the effectiveness of medical assistant programs at three Midwestern schools in meeting stakeholder needs. The proposal will cover the problem background, purpose of the study, research questions, and literature review. Bridges will use a qualitative survey methodology to collect data from 20-25 healthcare professionals on their organizations' use of medical assistants and program competencies. The data will be analyzed for themes to provide feedback to the schools on curriculum alignment with industry needs.
This document discusses the use of multimedia as a tool to enhance the learning process. It begins by outlining the importance of education quality for a country's development and the need for changes in teaching approaches. The introduction then explains how information and communication technologies, including multimedia, can make teaching and learning more interesting and productive.
The research problem focuses on whether the use of multimedia learning systems in schools can improve student performance. The objectives and research questions aim to identify how multimedia can enhance performance, create an active learning environment, and serve as an effective teaching aid. The hypotheses predict that multimedia teaching aids can help students achieve and enhance performance.
Sample format for appendices & bibliographyMaria Theresa
This document provides a bibliography of sources used for research on conceptual problems in biology textbooks. It includes books, journals, unpublished materials, and online sources published between 1992 and 2011. The bibliography contains publications from the Philippines and international sources related to biology education, textbook evaluation, and conceptual issues.
This document contains a research proposal submitted by Noor Hasmida Binti Mohd Khair to study the use of ICT in teaching visual arts and design. The proposal includes an introduction providing background on ICT and how it relates to visual arts. It then states the problem being examined, which is students' lack of interest and skills in visual arts. The objectives are to determine how ICT can motivate students, improve artwork quality, and enhance teaching effectiveness. The proposal also includes research questions, hypotheses, definitions of key terms, and limitations. The significance is explained as providing benefits to students, teachers, and educational institutions for developing creative skills using ICT.
The document discusses a research study that aimed to assess the perceived effectiveness of student assistants assigned to selected offices at Holy Cross of Davao College. Specifically, it sought to understand the student assistants' perceived level of job performance, relationships with coworkers and clients, job satisfaction, ability to cope with stress, and overall effectiveness. The study used a descriptive research design and questionnaires to gather data from 37 student assistants in the guidance office, internet laboratory, and library. The findings showed that the student assistants generally felt they performed their tasks well and often maintained good relationships and satisfaction in their roles, though those in the library reported higher performance levels. The researchers recommended the student assistants be responsible in fulfilling their duties and that effective service comes from serving
This document presents an e-poster for a research study on the problems and prospects of teaching Telugu as a second language in Mauritius. The study aims to identify difficulties teachers face in teaching Telugu and learning difficulties students face. It also aims to find solutions and investigate current teaching methodology. The researcher plans to survey Telugu students and teachers, analyze textbooks, and use interviews, questionnaires, observations, and triangulation to collect and analyze data. The expected outcomes are insights into challenges, their impact, and effective ways to address issues to benefit teachers, students, and other stakeholders in improving Telugu language teaching and learning.
Research proposal : The use of mind map in writing literary essayshazilaabdullah
This research proposal examines the effectiveness of using mind maps to help secondary students write literary essays. It hypothesizes that using mind maps can improve students' ability to organize ideas and will lead to higher scores on literary essays. The study will use an experimental design with a treatment group that receives training on using mind maps and a control group. Both groups will take a pre-test and post-test literary essay to measure score gains. A questionnaire will also gather students' perceptions of using mind maps. The study aims to provide evidence on whether mind maps improve literary essay writing and organization of ideas.
This document discusses how economic factors affect educational planning. It begins by defining key economic concepts like investment, saving, consumption, and production, and how they relate to educational planning. It explains that educational planning requires understanding economics because resources are limited and choices must be made. The document also discusses applying economic concepts to educational planning, characteristics of analyzing education through an economic lens, and some weaknesses of economic influences on education. Overall, the document analyzes how economics influences educational planning and decision making.
Example Dissertation Proposal Defense Power Point SlideDr. Vince Bridges
Vincent Bridges will defend his dissertation proposal on examining the effectiveness of medical assistant programs at three Midwestern schools in meeting stakeholder needs. The proposal will cover the problem background, purpose of the study, research questions, and literature review. Bridges will use a qualitative survey methodology to collect data from 20-25 healthcare professionals on their organizations' use of medical assistants and program competencies. The data will be analyzed for themes to provide feedback to the schools on curriculum alignment with industry needs.
This document discusses the use of multimedia as a tool to enhance the learning process. It begins by outlining the importance of education quality for a country's development and the need for changes in teaching approaches. The introduction then explains how information and communication technologies, including multimedia, can make teaching and learning more interesting and productive.
The research problem focuses on whether the use of multimedia learning systems in schools can improve student performance. The objectives and research questions aim to identify how multimedia can enhance performance, create an active learning environment, and serve as an effective teaching aid. The hypotheses predict that multimedia teaching aids can help students achieve and enhance performance.
Sample format for appendices & bibliographyMaria Theresa
This document provides a bibliography of sources used for research on conceptual problems in biology textbooks. It includes books, journals, unpublished materials, and online sources published between 1992 and 2011. The bibliography contains publications from the Philippines and international sources related to biology education, textbook evaluation, and conceptual issues.
This document outlines the agenda and background for a proposal defense on examining the correlations between African American students' beliefs and academic outcomes. The study aims to explore how teachers' beliefs and school cultures affect African American students' attitudes, achievement, discipline referrals, and special education services. It will use a quantitative research design and collect data on students' and teachers' beliefs using instruments measuring stereotype threats, classroom environment, and discipline behaviors.
This article summarizes a study that explored how academics use information and communication technologies (ICTs) for teaching and learning in higher education. Focus groups were conducted with academics from English, law, and nursing. The discussions found that ICTs were mainly used to provide online resources for students. Academics were motivated to use ICTs to enhance students' educational experience. While use of ICTs was generally positive, lack of time was a common challenge. Factors influencing adoption of ICTs included institutional support, department resources, individual skills, and technical issues. The study provided insight into appropriate uses of technology in higher education.
The document discusses strategic quality management at Pangasinan State University. It outlines the university's vision to become academically excellent through quality education. The main thrusts of the university are instruction, research, extension services, income-generating projects, and governance. It also discusses adopting Deming's 14 points for quality management, such as creating constancy of purpose and driving away fear. The strategic plan aims to improve processes, provide training, and minimize barriers between departments to enhance education quality.
This document discusses managing the curriculum at the micro level. It examines the roles of district officials, principals, and teachers in effectively implementing a new curriculum. District officials must first manage the change when a new curriculum is introduced by preparing principals and teachers through their involvement. They must also train principals in the new curriculum and monitor/support them. Principals and teachers roles include coordinating curriculum implementation at the school level, ensuring policy implementation, staff development, and resource management. Effective curriculum management requires skills in areas like curriculum leadership, communication, and vision setting.
Research proposal chapter 1 presentationjuraimiomar
This document outlines a study on factors contributing to low intrinsic motivation for learning English among students at Kolej Poly-Tech Mara Kuantan. It introduces the topic, provides background on issues like declining motivation as students age. It establishes the problem statement around factors like motivation and desire being important for second language acquisition. The document then presents the research objectives to identify contributing factors and their relationship to motivation levels, as well as how factors can lead to low motivation. Corresponding research questions are provided along with a conceptual framework and plans for a quantitative study using a questionnaire to analyze the relationship between contributing factors and motivation levels.
The article critiques a journal article that examines tutors' views on utilizing e-learning systems in architectural education. The critiqued article surveyed tutors from a university's architecture program to understand barriers to adopting e-learning tools and how to encourage use. It found that many tutors lacked experience with e-learning platforms and online resources, but had better skills with communication tools. The critiqued article concluded a mix of traditional and online teaching could provide more support to students, and a clear strategy is needed to integrate online courses into architectural education.
This document discusses the implementation of total quality management (TQM) in higher education institutions. It explores factors to consider in applying TQM to satisfy stakeholders like students, parents, industry, and society. The authors analyze approaches to TQM in higher education and discuss challenges of implementation, like leadership, customer identification, and cultural transformation. They propose that TQM can help address issues of productivity and financing if adopted properly in universities.
This document discusses a study that examined ESL teachers' attitudes towards using information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching literature lessons in Malaysian secondary schools. The study found that teachers had a generally positive attitude towards using ICT tools in literature lessons. However, several challenges were identified that could hinder effective use of ICT, such as lack of time for lesson planning, lack of technical skills, and insufficient institutional support. The document provides background on the literature component in the Malaysian English curriculum, benefits and challenges of using ICT in education, and the importance of teachers' attitudes in determining successful integration of ICT.
6 writing and presenting literature review-khalidKhalid Mahmood
The document provides guidance on writing and structuring literature reviews. It recommends that literature reviews have an abstract, introduction, body, and conclusions section. The body should discuss sources in an organized manner, such as chronologically, thematically, or by methodology. Studies should be connected by showing agreements and disagreements. A summary table can provide an overview of key studies. The document outlines appropriate citation styles, verb tenses, and reporting verbs to use. It emphasizes reviewing the literature review for clarity, flow, completeness, and getting feedback from others. Finally, it identifies pitfalls to avoid, such as vagueness, limited range, and common errors.
Thesis PROPOSAL Defense Presentation - March 26 Hermes Huang
This thesis proposal examines how makers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia perceive the development of their networks and communities through participating in open-source hardware projects with DIYBio and the Maker Movement. The research aims to detail the creation of maker networks around open hardware, critique international development models regarding participation in science and technology, and understand actors' views of their relationship to hacker and maker communities. Using a case study of the House of Natural Fiber Foundation from 1999-2015, the researcher will employ mixed methods like interviews and network analysis to achieve their objectives of April-May 2015 in Yogyakarta.
This chapter reviews literature related to school discipline among students. It discusses factors that contribute to indiscipline, such as peer influence, family issues, and boring lessons. Statistical data from the Ministry of Education from 2007-2012 is presented, showing the number and percentage of disciplinary cases involving various offenses in primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. The chapter also reviews theories on discipline, including the need for internal motivation versus external control. A conceptual framework is presented outlining factors that affect discipline, ways to improve it, and motivations to overcome issues.
This research critique summarizes a study examining nurses' perceptions of violence in emergency departments in Nigeria. The study surveyed 81 nurses from 6 hospitals to understand the epidemiology of violence against nurses, their definitions of violence, and potential prevention strategies. Key findings included that ED nurses commonly experience both verbal and physical abuse. The critique provides recommendations to improve the study design and organization. It suggests making the objectives clearer, defining important terms, and considering a broader sample to generalize findings.
The document is a reference survey questionnaire that asks students to rate questions about using the internet and books for assignments on a 5-point scale. The questions for the internet section ask about using it for research, if it is essential for assignments, if it provides satisfying answers, if websites provide easy access to information, if search engines lead to appropriate topics, and if it is easy and less stressful to use. The book section questions ask if books are relied on for assignments, if they are essential, if they provide satisfying answers, if contents are easy to find and scan, if they are easy to use, if answers are easy to find, if they save time and provide enough information, and if teachers recommend them over other sources.
The document discusses trends in the K-12 education system. It notes that technology has advanced rapidly, changing how students learn and how teachers teach. Some key trends highlighted include the use of internet and social media as teaching tools to engage students, improving educational facilities which has led to better test scores and behavior, and giving students more opportunities to provide feedback to teachers and have a role in developing classroom rules. Overall, the trends show the education system adapting to remain relevant by incorporating new technologies and becoming more student-centered.
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a research study, analogous to the frame of a house. A conceptual framework outlines courses of action or preferred approaches. The document describes developing frameworks by selecting concepts and relationships, and defining concepts operationally. Frameworks guide entire research studies by informing hypotheses, observations, designs, and interpretations. Theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and are tested through different research types. Nursing frameworks contribute unique perspectives on persons, environments, health, and nursing. Frameworks should be clearly identified and defined, with logical relationships supported by literature.
The document summarizes a research proposal that aims to determine if increasing student motivation to read independently correlates with improved test scores. The study will use a quasi-experimental design comparing MAP test results of students who participate in a reading motivation program versus a control group. If a correlation is found, it could provide evidence that improving reading motivation strategies positively impacts student academic success and literacy.
Thesis for Final Defense(The Level of Influence of Family-Related Factors on ...Elton John Embodo
1) The document discusses a study that aims to determine the level of influence of family-related factors on academic performance of students in Tangub City National High School. It provides background information on the importance of parental involvement and discusses the theoretical framework and methodology used in the study.
2) The study will survey students from the Sports curriculum and Science curriculum to understand the influence of factors like parental expectations, monitoring, and encouragement. It will analyze differences between male and female students and the two curricula.
3) Preliminary results show that family-related factors have mostly high levels of influence on students in the Sports curriculum, establishing routines and modeling behaviors being most influential. The study provides context and plan for analyzing the
Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined.
Types and Functions
CONCEPTUAL
-Is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people.
CONCEPTUAL
It is abstract and most general in nature. The usual source of conceptual definition is the DICTIONARY which is the reference book of everyday language.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
-Is the meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows measurement.
The usual practice when using both types of definition is to state first the conceptual followed by the operational.
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
It establishes the rules and procedures the investigators will use to measure variables
It provides unambiguous meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
Reference:Basic Concepts and Methods in Research by Venancio B. ArdalesBest, John W. Research in Education Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1970.Chen, Paul C.Y. “Traditional and Modern Medicine in Malaysia” Social Sciencee and Medicine 15A(1981):127-136
This dissertation examined strategies to increase participation in peer tutoring programs among first-generation college students. A survey and focus groups were conducted with first-generation students at a public university. The results found that the vast majority of respondents were not enrolled in tutoring programs. Female students participated in tutoring programs at a higher rate than male students. When asked about reasons for non-participation, students reported that tutoring was not central to their college experience. The current strategies of promoting tutoring through orientations and materials were viewed as adequate by students. The study aims to provide recommendations to improve tutoring participation among first-generation students.
The CIPP evaluation model was created by Daniel Stufflebeam to systematically guide evaluators and stakeholders in assessing educational programming at the start, during implementation, and end of a project. It examines the context, inputs, processes, and products of a program to improve accountability and learning. The model seeks to determine needs, resources, implementation, and outcomes to measure if the program's goals were achieved and participants' needs met.
This study aimed to understand the effect of exposure to French through classroom activities for starter and intermediate students. The researcher observed classes, took field notes, and interviewed students. The findings showed that activities like topic presentations, reading texts, and listening to audio helped students practice speaking, listening, and reading in French. However, lack of vocabulary was a major barrier, sometimes leading students to use their first language. The researcher concluded that classroom exposure is important for learning a second language, but vocabulary deficiencies can limit students' success.
Top 8 Reasons for Poor Performance in EnglishMaybe Wanji
This document outlines 8 common reasons for poor performance in English language:
1) Negative notions that English is complicated and difficult which hinders effective learning.
2) Lack of relevance as the mother tongue dominates daily life.
3) Insufficient effort such as not practicing speaking, reading, or using English outside of class.
4) Low motivation to learn English long-term for exams or other goals.
5) Lack of confidence in speaking English due to embarrassment or shyness.
6) Inadequate or unqualified English teachers who are not language specialists.
7) Improper teaching methods focused on memorization rather than thinking.
8) Impacts of pronunciation and grammar differences
This document outlines the agenda and background for a proposal defense on examining the correlations between African American students' beliefs and academic outcomes. The study aims to explore how teachers' beliefs and school cultures affect African American students' attitudes, achievement, discipline referrals, and special education services. It will use a quantitative research design and collect data on students' and teachers' beliefs using instruments measuring stereotype threats, classroom environment, and discipline behaviors.
This article summarizes a study that explored how academics use information and communication technologies (ICTs) for teaching and learning in higher education. Focus groups were conducted with academics from English, law, and nursing. The discussions found that ICTs were mainly used to provide online resources for students. Academics were motivated to use ICTs to enhance students' educational experience. While use of ICTs was generally positive, lack of time was a common challenge. Factors influencing adoption of ICTs included institutional support, department resources, individual skills, and technical issues. The study provided insight into appropriate uses of technology in higher education.
The document discusses strategic quality management at Pangasinan State University. It outlines the university's vision to become academically excellent through quality education. The main thrusts of the university are instruction, research, extension services, income-generating projects, and governance. It also discusses adopting Deming's 14 points for quality management, such as creating constancy of purpose and driving away fear. The strategic plan aims to improve processes, provide training, and minimize barriers between departments to enhance education quality.
This document discusses managing the curriculum at the micro level. It examines the roles of district officials, principals, and teachers in effectively implementing a new curriculum. District officials must first manage the change when a new curriculum is introduced by preparing principals and teachers through their involvement. They must also train principals in the new curriculum and monitor/support them. Principals and teachers roles include coordinating curriculum implementation at the school level, ensuring policy implementation, staff development, and resource management. Effective curriculum management requires skills in areas like curriculum leadership, communication, and vision setting.
Research proposal chapter 1 presentationjuraimiomar
This document outlines a study on factors contributing to low intrinsic motivation for learning English among students at Kolej Poly-Tech Mara Kuantan. It introduces the topic, provides background on issues like declining motivation as students age. It establishes the problem statement around factors like motivation and desire being important for second language acquisition. The document then presents the research objectives to identify contributing factors and their relationship to motivation levels, as well as how factors can lead to low motivation. Corresponding research questions are provided along with a conceptual framework and plans for a quantitative study using a questionnaire to analyze the relationship between contributing factors and motivation levels.
The article critiques a journal article that examines tutors' views on utilizing e-learning systems in architectural education. The critiqued article surveyed tutors from a university's architecture program to understand barriers to adopting e-learning tools and how to encourage use. It found that many tutors lacked experience with e-learning platforms and online resources, but had better skills with communication tools. The critiqued article concluded a mix of traditional and online teaching could provide more support to students, and a clear strategy is needed to integrate online courses into architectural education.
This document discusses the implementation of total quality management (TQM) in higher education institutions. It explores factors to consider in applying TQM to satisfy stakeholders like students, parents, industry, and society. The authors analyze approaches to TQM in higher education and discuss challenges of implementation, like leadership, customer identification, and cultural transformation. They propose that TQM can help address issues of productivity and financing if adopted properly in universities.
This document discusses a study that examined ESL teachers' attitudes towards using information and communication technology (ICT) in teaching literature lessons in Malaysian secondary schools. The study found that teachers had a generally positive attitude towards using ICT tools in literature lessons. However, several challenges were identified that could hinder effective use of ICT, such as lack of time for lesson planning, lack of technical skills, and insufficient institutional support. The document provides background on the literature component in the Malaysian English curriculum, benefits and challenges of using ICT in education, and the importance of teachers' attitudes in determining successful integration of ICT.
6 writing and presenting literature review-khalidKhalid Mahmood
The document provides guidance on writing and structuring literature reviews. It recommends that literature reviews have an abstract, introduction, body, and conclusions section. The body should discuss sources in an organized manner, such as chronologically, thematically, or by methodology. Studies should be connected by showing agreements and disagreements. A summary table can provide an overview of key studies. The document outlines appropriate citation styles, verb tenses, and reporting verbs to use. It emphasizes reviewing the literature review for clarity, flow, completeness, and getting feedback from others. Finally, it identifies pitfalls to avoid, such as vagueness, limited range, and common errors.
Thesis PROPOSAL Defense Presentation - March 26 Hermes Huang
This thesis proposal examines how makers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia perceive the development of their networks and communities through participating in open-source hardware projects with DIYBio and the Maker Movement. The research aims to detail the creation of maker networks around open hardware, critique international development models regarding participation in science and technology, and understand actors' views of their relationship to hacker and maker communities. Using a case study of the House of Natural Fiber Foundation from 1999-2015, the researcher will employ mixed methods like interviews and network analysis to achieve their objectives of April-May 2015 in Yogyakarta.
This chapter reviews literature related to school discipline among students. It discusses factors that contribute to indiscipline, such as peer influence, family issues, and boring lessons. Statistical data from the Ministry of Education from 2007-2012 is presented, showing the number and percentage of disciplinary cases involving various offenses in primary and secondary schools in Malaysia. The chapter also reviews theories on discipline, including the need for internal motivation versus external control. A conceptual framework is presented outlining factors that affect discipline, ways to improve it, and motivations to overcome issues.
This research critique summarizes a study examining nurses' perceptions of violence in emergency departments in Nigeria. The study surveyed 81 nurses from 6 hospitals to understand the epidemiology of violence against nurses, their definitions of violence, and potential prevention strategies. Key findings included that ED nurses commonly experience both verbal and physical abuse. The critique provides recommendations to improve the study design and organization. It suggests making the objectives clearer, defining important terms, and considering a broader sample to generalize findings.
The document is a reference survey questionnaire that asks students to rate questions about using the internet and books for assignments on a 5-point scale. The questions for the internet section ask about using it for research, if it is essential for assignments, if it provides satisfying answers, if websites provide easy access to information, if search engines lead to appropriate topics, and if it is easy and less stressful to use. The book section questions ask if books are relied on for assignments, if they are essential, if they provide satisfying answers, if contents are easy to find and scan, if they are easy to use, if answers are easy to find, if they save time and provide enough information, and if teachers recommend them over other sources.
The document discusses trends in the K-12 education system. It notes that technology has advanced rapidly, changing how students learn and how teachers teach. Some key trends highlighted include the use of internet and social media as teaching tools to engage students, improving educational facilities which has led to better test scores and behavior, and giving students more opportunities to provide feedback to teachers and have a role in developing classroom rules. Overall, the trends show the education system adapting to remain relevant by incorporating new technologies and becoming more student-centered.
This document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks. It defines a theoretical framework as providing rationale for relationships between variables in a research study, analogous to the frame of a house. A conceptual framework outlines courses of action or preferred approaches. The document describes developing frameworks by selecting concepts and relationships, and defining concepts operationally. Frameworks guide entire research studies by informing hypotheses, observations, designs, and interpretations. Theories can be descriptive, explanatory, or predictive and are tested through different research types. Nursing frameworks contribute unique perspectives on persons, environments, health, and nursing. Frameworks should be clearly identified and defined, with logical relationships supported by literature.
The document summarizes a research proposal that aims to determine if increasing student motivation to read independently correlates with improved test scores. The study will use a quasi-experimental design comparing MAP test results of students who participate in a reading motivation program versus a control group. If a correlation is found, it could provide evidence that improving reading motivation strategies positively impacts student academic success and literacy.
Thesis for Final Defense(The Level of Influence of Family-Related Factors on ...Elton John Embodo
1) The document discusses a study that aims to determine the level of influence of family-related factors on academic performance of students in Tangub City National High School. It provides background information on the importance of parental involvement and discusses the theoretical framework and methodology used in the study.
2) The study will survey students from the Sports curriculum and Science curriculum to understand the influence of factors like parental expectations, monitoring, and encouragement. It will analyze differences between male and female students and the two curricula.
3) Preliminary results show that family-related factors have mostly high levels of influence on students in the Sports curriculum, establishing routines and modeling behaviors being most influential. The study provides context and plan for analyzing the
Definition of terms is usually an annex to a work (book, research paper, pamphlet,etc.) either at the beginning or more likely near the end with a list of acronyms, jargon, credits, etc. This is an important part of Research paper or report is that in which the key or important terms in the study are clearly defined.
Types and Functions
CONCEPTUAL
-Is the universal meaning that is attributed to a word or group of words and which is understood by many people.
CONCEPTUAL
It is abstract and most general in nature. The usual source of conceptual definition is the DICTIONARY which is the reference book of everyday language.
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
-Is the meaning of the concept or term as used in a particular study. Unlike the conceptual definition, it is stated in concrete term in that it allows measurement.
The usual practice when using both types of definition is to state first the conceptual followed by the operational.
FUNCTIONS
FUNCTIONS
It establishes the rules and procedures the investigators will use to measure variables
It provides unambiguous meaning to terms that otherwise can be interpreted in different ways.
EXAMPLES
EXAMPLES
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION:
Reference:Basic Concepts and Methods in Research by Venancio B. ArdalesBest, John W. Research in Education Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:Prentice Hall, 1970.Chen, Paul C.Y. “Traditional and Modern Medicine in Malaysia” Social Sciencee and Medicine 15A(1981):127-136
This dissertation examined strategies to increase participation in peer tutoring programs among first-generation college students. A survey and focus groups were conducted with first-generation students at a public university. The results found that the vast majority of respondents were not enrolled in tutoring programs. Female students participated in tutoring programs at a higher rate than male students. When asked about reasons for non-participation, students reported that tutoring was not central to their college experience. The current strategies of promoting tutoring through orientations and materials were viewed as adequate by students. The study aims to provide recommendations to improve tutoring participation among first-generation students.
The CIPP evaluation model was created by Daniel Stufflebeam to systematically guide evaluators and stakeholders in assessing educational programming at the start, during implementation, and end of a project. It examines the context, inputs, processes, and products of a program to improve accountability and learning. The model seeks to determine needs, resources, implementation, and outcomes to measure if the program's goals were achieved and participants' needs met.
This study aimed to understand the effect of exposure to French through classroom activities for starter and intermediate students. The researcher observed classes, took field notes, and interviewed students. The findings showed that activities like topic presentations, reading texts, and listening to audio helped students practice speaking, listening, and reading in French. However, lack of vocabulary was a major barrier, sometimes leading students to use their first language. The researcher concluded that classroom exposure is important for learning a second language, but vocabulary deficiencies can limit students' success.
Top 8 Reasons for Poor Performance in EnglishMaybe Wanji
This document outlines 8 common reasons for poor performance in English language:
1) Negative notions that English is complicated and difficult which hinders effective learning.
2) Lack of relevance as the mother tongue dominates daily life.
3) Insufficient effort such as not practicing speaking, reading, or using English outside of class.
4) Low motivation to learn English long-term for exams or other goals.
5) Lack of confidence in speaking English due to embarrassment or shyness.
6) Inadequate or unqualified English teachers who are not language specialists.
7) Improper teaching methods focused on memorization rather than thinking.
8) Impacts of pronunciation and grammar differences
The document discusses a study that aims to determine the relationship between the use of multimedia facilities and students' academic performance as perceived by teachers. It provides background on multimedia and how it has impacted education. The study will be conducted among high school students in San Agustin and will use questionnaires and statistical analysis to understand teachers' and students' perceptions of how multimedia facilities influence academic performance. Key areas of focus for the study include types of multimedia used, their effects on performance, and how multimedia can improve performance levels.
1) The document discusses the characteristics and properties of the normal distribution, including that it is bell-shaped and symmetrical about the mean.
2) It defines z-values as a way to standardize normal distributions by transforming data values into standard scores based on the mean and standard deviation.
3) Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating probabilities using the standard normal distribution, such as finding the percentage of observations that fall within a certain number of standard deviations from the mean.
The document provides an outline and explanation of key concepts related to the normal distribution. It begins with an introduction to probability distributions for continuous random variables and the definition of a density curve. It then defines terms and symbols used in the normal distribution, including mean, standard deviation, and z-scores. The document explains the characteristics of the normal distribution graphically and provides examples of finding areas under the normal curve using z-tables. It concludes with examples of finding unknown z-values and calculating probabilities for specific scenarios involving the normal distribution.
The document discusses the normal distribution and its key properties: bell-shaped and symmetrical around the mean, extending from negative to positive infinity with an area under the curve of 1. Approximately 95% and 99.9% of the distribution lies within 2 and 3 standard deviations of the mean, respectively. It also discusses how to calculate probabilities using the standard normal distribution where the mean is 0 and standard deviation is 1, and how to standardize other normal distributions.
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education students in the Faculty of Education. A sample of 195 students was selected from 400 level
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PUBLICATION BY AMPOFO AGYEI JUSTICE AND ACHEAMPONG BLESS
Research Proposal
1. FACTORS AFFECTING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF POST
GRADUATE STUDENTS AT UGANDA MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE. A
CASE STUDY OF UMI GULU CENTER
By
KAJAGA RONNY
SUPERVISORS
Mr LUGEMOIWILFREDBONGOMIN
Model Leader DPPM UMI
A Proposal submitted to the higher degrees department in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the award of Masters of Science in Project Planning
and Management of Uganda Management Institute
October, 2012
2. Contents
CHAPTER ONE………………………………………………………………….……….....….……3
1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................................4
1.5 Research Questions ..........................................................................................................................................6
1.7 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................6
1.8 Significance......................................................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................................................6
LITERATURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................................................7
2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................7
2.1 Theoretical Review ......................................................................................................................................7
2.2 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER THREE ...........................................................................................................................................11
3.0 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................12
3.1 Research Design.........................................................................................................................................12
3.1.2 Sample size and selection .......................................................................................................................12
Sampling techniques and procedure ................................................................................................................12
Data Collection Methods .................................................................................................................................13
Data collection instruments..............................................................................................................................13
Pre-testing (Validity and reliability) ................................................................................................................13
Procedure of Data Collection ...........................................................................................................................13
Data Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................................................................14
Appendix 1: Questionnaire ..................................................................................................................................16
3. ABBREVIATIONS
DPPMPost graduate Diploma in Project Planning and management
UMIUganda Management Institute
DFMPostgraduate Diploma in Financial Management
DHRM Postgraduate Diploma in Human Resource Management
DPPA Postgraduate Diploma in Public Administration and Management
4. CHAPTER ONE
1.0Introduction
This chapter will present the background to the study, the statement of the problem, general
objective, the specific objectives of the study, the research questions, the scope of the study, the
significance, Justification and operational definition of terms and concepts.
1.1 Background
Currently, Uganda Management Institute is conducting Postgraduate Diplomas Courses which
are designed for Middle and Senior level Managers in the Public Sector, Non-Governmental
Organizations and Private Sector. The Postgraduate Diplomas offered at the UMI Gulu Centre
include: DPPM, DHRM and DP FM, DPPA
Many scholars have argued a but the issues that affect academic performance. Schools is
institutions in which groups of individuals are brought together to share educational experiences
and such interactions may breed positive or negative influences on learners. In this study, school
background is characterized by location of school (urban or rural), school ownership (public or
private schools) school academic status and school financial standing. There are anumber of
factors that affects performance which surrounds admission points, social economic status and
school background to. According Geiser and Santelices (2007), Acato (2006), and Swart (1999)
all argue that admission points which is reflection of the previous performance influence future
academic performance.The researcher agrees with the scholars that admission points affect
academic performance at university and that is why according to the Uganda Universities and
Other Tertiary Institutions Act (2001), the basis for entry to university is admission points which
are derived from A’ level points, Diploma points, Mature age points and graduate studies
According to Graetz (1995), one’s educational success depends very strongly on social economic
status of the parents. Considine and Zappala (2002) argue that families where the parents are
advantaged socially, educationally and economically foster a high level of achievement in their
children. The researcher agrees with Considine and Zappala (2002) because students from high
social economic backgrounds are well exposed to scholastic materials, which aid their
intelligence.
5. Sentamu (2003), Kwesiga (2002) and Portes and Macleod (1996) as cited in Considine and
Zappala (2002) all argue that the type of school a child attends influences academic achievement.
According to Minnesota measures (2007), a journal report on higher education performance,
which was produced by the University of Minnesota, the most reliable predictor of student
success in college is the academic preparation of students in high school.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Academic performance, which is measured by the examination results, is one of the major goals
of a school. Hoyle (1986) argued that schools are established with the aim of imparting
knowledge and skills to those who go through them and behind all this is the idea of enhancing
good academic performance. They are concerned about those who do not perform well because
if this poor performance goes unchecked, the university may lose its reputation, which may result
in loss of confidence in UMI graduates. Much as the situation described here causes concern, it is
not yet known why some students fail to attain the standards expected of them. There is lack of
sufficient research in the case of UMI as to what factors affect academic performance of the
students. The researcher would therefore like to establish the factors affecting academic
performance of Post graduate students of UMI with specific reference to admission points, social
economic status and school background.
1.3 General objective or Purpose
‘Factors affecting academic performance of post graduate students at Uganda management
institute’
1.4 Specific objectives
i) To establish the relationship between students’ admission points and academic
Performance of Post graduate students.
ii) To establish the relationship between parents’ social economic status and academic
performance of Post graduate students.
iii) To establish the relationship between students’ former school background and academic
performance of Post graduate students.
6. 1.5 Research Questions
i) What is the relationship between students’ admission points and academic performance of Post
graduate students?
ii) What is the relationship between parents’ social economic status and academic performance
of Post graduate students?
iii) What is the relationship between students’ former school background and academic
performance of Post graduate students?
1.7 Significance
The study will enable the researcher to make recommendations to UMI administrators, Policy makers
especially those in the Quality Assurance unit, the Central Academic office and the Ministry of
Education and Sports on what policies and strategies can be employed to improve academic
performance in institutions of higher learning. The findings will help the University Admission’s
Board to review its methods of admitting students in order to improve academic performance. The
report will also be a source of reference for other researchers intending to study academic
performance of Post graduate students at UMI.
1.8 Justification
It is the first study of its kind relating to the performance of student of postgraduates students at
Uganda Management institute. Besides it would be relevant to point out the facts that are related
to the performance of post graduate students at UMI
1.9 Scope
The study will be conducted at UMI Gulu Center using a sample of post graduate students
selected from the four different post graduate classes. The content scope covered factors such as
admission points, socio-economic status and school background which affect academic
performance of post graduate students. The study will coverthe period of academic year
2012/2013.
1.10 Operational Definitions
Education- is the delivery of knowledge, skills, and information from teachers to students.
Academic performance according to the Cambridge University Reporter (2003) is frequently
defined in terms of examination performance
7. CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
This chapter will Attempt to shade more lights on key study themes or areas by looking at
different written works that provide information, different sources of information including
internet, reports, journals and books are of main focus in this chapter however researcher will be
able to show, the theoretical review, and Conceptual frame work
2.1 Theoretical Review
The theory adapted for this study is derived from the System’s theory input-output model
developed by Ludwig Von Bertalanffy in 1956. The theory, according to Koontz and Weihrich,
(1988) postulates that an organized enterprise does not exist in a vacuum; it is dependent on its
environment in which it is established. They add that the inputs from the environment are
received by the organization, which then transforms them into outputs. As adapted in this study,
the students (Inputs) are admitted into the university, with different admission points, from
different social economic backgrounds and are from various school backgrounds, when they get
into the university system, the management of the university transforms them through the
process of teaching and learning and the students output is seen through their academic
performance.
2.2 Conceptual Framework
This shows the linkage between different factors and academic performance. It shows that
academic performance as a independent variable is related to the dependent variables, which are
admissions points, parents’ social economic status and student’s former school.
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Academic performance Admission Points
- Graduate entry
-Direct entry Performance in test
- Diploma entry performance in course work
8. - Mature entry Performance in Examination
Social economic status
Parental education
- Family income
- Parental
-Occupation
Former School Background
- School location
- School ownership
- Academic status
- Financial standing
2.3 Actual Literature review
Admission points and academic performance
The last decade has seen an increase in literature relating to predictors of academic performance
with much debate on whether conventional measures of academic achievement are the best
determinants of future performance at university. In Uganda today, the main admission criteria to
universities is prior performance either at A’ level, or Degree level (Universities and Tertiary
Institutions Act, 2001). This, according to the literature reviewed is being practiced worldwide,
admission boards elsewhere in the world use prior academic performance to select students for
admission. For example in the United States, Waller and Foy (1987), in South Africa, Swart
(1999) and in Kuwait, Mohammad and Almaheed (1988) among many. Several countries use
these standards of admission because according to Staffolani and Bratti, (2002), measures of
prior educational performance are the most important determinants of student performance.
Wheeler (2006) inhis study on success of non-traditional students in graduate program showed
that there was no difference in performance of non-traditional entrants and traditional entrants as
long as both categories had performed well at their previous qualifications. Even the scholars
who did not agree with that belief admitted that prior performance is related to future
performance but to a small extent. These studies have led the researcher to hypothesize that there
is a relationship between admission points and academic performance of undergraduate students.
9. Social economic status and academic performance
Social economic status is most commonly determined by combining parents’ educational level,
occupational status and income level (Jeynes, 2002; McMillan & Western, 2000). In most of the
studies done on academic performance of students, it is not surprising that social economic status
is one of the major factors studied while predicting academic performance. It is believed that low
social economic status negatively affects academic achievement because low social economic
statusprevents access to vital resources and creates additional stress at home. (Eamon 2005;
Jeynes, 2002). Graetz (1995) carried out a study on social economic status in education research
and policy found that social economic background remains one of the major sources of
educational inequality and adds that one’s educational success depends very strongly on the
social economic status of one’s parents. Considine and Zappala (2002) agree with Graetz (1995),
in their study on the influence of social and economic disadvantage in the academic performance
of school students in Australia found that families where the parents are advantaged socially,
educationally and economically foster a higher level of achievement in their children. They also
found that these parents provide higher levels of psychological support for their children through
environments that encourage the development of skills necessary for success at school.
On the contrary Pedrosa R.H, Norberto W.D, Rafael P.M,Cibele Y.A and Benilton S.C (2006) in
their study on educational and social economic background of undergraduates and academic
performance at a Brazilian university, found that students coming from disadvantaged
socioeconomic and educational homes perform relatively better than those coming from higher
socioeconomic and educational strata. They called this phenomenal educational resilience. This
could be true considering that different countries have different parameters of categorizing social
economic status. What a developed country categorizes as low social economic status may be
different from the definition of low social economic status of a developing country. Additionally
students do not form a homogenous group and one measure of social economic disadvantage
may not suit all sub groups equally.
Former school background and academic performance
Students’ educational outcome and academic success is greatly influenced by the type of school
which they attend. The school one attends is the institutional environment that sets the
parameters of a students’ learning experience. Depending on the environment, a school can
either open or close the doors that lead to academic achievement. According to Considine and
10. Zappala (2002) the type of school a child attends influences educational outcomes. Considine
and Zappala (2002) cite Sparkles (1999) whose study in Britain shows that schools have an
independent effect on student attainment and that school effect is likely to operate through
variation in quality and attitudes, so teachers in disadvantaged schools often hold low
expectations of their students which compound the low expectations the students have, hence
leading to poor performance by the students.
A similar view is held by Kolcic (2006) in his study on academic performance and scientific
involvement of final year medical students coming from urban and rural backgrounds. Kolcic
(2006) concludes that students from urban backgrounds had significantly better academic and
research indicators than those from rural and remote backgrounds. The results of Lee and
McIntire (2001) are contrary to Kolcic (2006) and Considine and Zappala (2002) they argue that
there is no significant difference between the performance of students from rural schools and
from urban schools. In their study on interstate variations in rural student achievement and
schooling conditions, they observed that given that many rural students are poor and attend
schools where instructional resources and course offerings are limited, the level of their
academic performance relative to their non-rural counterparts is encouraging. They found that in
some states rural students scored higher than their non-rural counterparts.
Private schools, argue, tend to have both better funding and small sizes than public schools. They
found that additional funding of private schools leads to better academic performance and more
access to resources such as computers, which have been shown to enhance academic
achievement. Zappala (2002) concluded in their study on school background that students from
independent private schools were more likely to achieve higher end of school scores. Crosne,
Johnson and Elder (2004), Sampson (2004) and Considine and Zappala (2002) share a similar
view and that is; private schools are more likely to have a greater number of students with
stronger abilities and have greater financial resources. In their conclusions, they maintained that
the type of school affects the academic performance of students.
In conclusion therefore, the review of literature has provided a backing for the research
hypothesis that there is a relationship between admission points and academic performance of
Post graduate students, that parents’ social economic status is related to academic performance
11. and that school background is related to academic performance of the student. The researcher
would therefore like to go ahead and prove the relationship between these three variables,
admission points, parents’ social economic status and school background and academic
performance with reference to UMI.
2.4Summary of the Literature Review
The review of literature has provided a backing for the research in that there is a relationship
between admission points and academic performance of post graduate students, that parents’
social economic status is related to academic performance and that school background is related
to academic performance of the student. The researcher would therefore like to go ahead and
prove the relationship between these three variables, admission points, parents’ social economic
status and school background and academic performance with reference to Uganda management
Institute
12. CHAPTER THREE
3.0 Introduction
The study is design to examine ‘Factors affecting academic performance of post graduate students
at Uganda management institute’. In this chapter the researcher explains the methods that will be
used to carry out the investigation (method of data collection),and other important elements that
are explained include study area, sample population, Data collection Method, Data analysis and
the procedure that will be followed in the study and other ethical consideration
3.1 Research Design
Research Design refers to the way in which a researcher plans to collect information or data. The
research method in terms of achieving the objectives of this study is a qualitative form of
research. The qualitative research method normally relies more on verbal data than on numeric
data. The sources of data for this study are therefore both a theory search (secondary sources
such as books, journals, and publications) and an empirical survey.
Questionnaires as an instrument to collect data will be designed by the researcher and distributed
to both the students and facilitators as well
3.2Study Population
The target populations will be both women and men who are perusing post graduate studies at
UMI Gulu Centre and those one who have completed in the year 2011/2012 from the same
institution
3.3 Sample size and selection
A simple random sampling will be utilized to select students and facilitators at UMI. According
to Bless and Higson–Smith, (1995:89) a simple random sampling is a sampling procedure, which
provides equal opportunity of selection for each element in a population. UMI is chosen because
this is one of the centers where students are attaining post graduate studies.
3.4Sampling techniques and procedure
The sample will consist of 80 Post graduate students selected from the total population of
student’s perusing post graduate studies at UMI. The respondents will be selected from all the
department 20 from PPM, 20 from financial management, 20 from public administration 20 from
13. Human resource management. However according to Amin (2005) randomization is effective in
creating equivalent representative groups that are essentially the same on all relevant variables
thought of by the researcher. Purposive sampling in this purposive sampling will be used in
selecting respondents
3.5 Data Collection Methods
The Data collection method will be questionnaire guide, the questionnaire guide will be
administer to the key respondents who are of interest to make this studies meets the objective
3.6 Data collection instruments
All the respondents will fill in questionnaires. The researcher used the questionnaires because the
selected population is literate and time for collecting data is limited. The researcher will
develop closed- ended questions because they are easy to fill, save time and keep the respondents
focused on the subject.
3.7Pre-testing (Validity and reliability)
Validity of the questionnaire will be obtained by presenting it to at least one professional people,
including the researcher’s supervisor because according to Amin (2005) content and construct
validity is determined by expert judgment. Beside to ensure reliability the questionnaire will be
pre tested to a small group of post graduate students before going in to actual data collection
3.8 Procedure of Data Collection
The researcher will obtain a letter of introduction from the Resident manager and research supervisor
to conduct research at UMI.
3.9 Data Analysis
Data from questionnaires will be compiled, sorted, edited, classified and coded into a coding sheet
and analyse using a computerized data analysis package. The relationship between the variable will
be computed and presented systematically.
14. REFERENCES
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16. APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Questionnaire
i)To establish the relationship between students’ admission points and academic
Performance of Post graduate students.
ii) To establish the relationship between parents’ social economic status and academic
performance of Post graduate students.
iii) To establish the relationship between students’ former school background and academic
performance of Post graduate students.
17. Appendix 2: Work plan and Timeframe
Activity Duration Dates
(days/weeks/months)
Training Research Assistant 1 day 5-October-2012
Pretesting the tool 1 day 6-October-2012
Administering Questionnaire 1 weeks 7-13-October-12
guide
Creating Data Base 2 days 13 and 14-October-12
Data Entry 1 week 15-21-October-12
Analysis 3 days 26-30-Octobert-12