Research process
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The research process involves several steps: 1) Identifying and formulating a research problem by reviewing literature and developing testable hypotheses, 2) Designing the research which includes determining the sample and data collection methods, 3) Collecting and analyzing the data, 4) Testing the hypotheses, 5) Generalizing conclusions and interpreting the findings, and 6) Preparing a report on the research.
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The document outlines different types of research based on several factors such as research purpose, depth of scope, type of data, type of inference, and source of information. Research purpose can be basic research which explores new knowledge or applied research which solves real-world problems. Research scope can be exploratory, descriptive, or explanatory. Data can be qualitative and focus on insights or quantitative and test theories. Inference can be deductive by testing hypotheses or inductive by developing theories. Information can come from primary research or secondary sources.
Choosing a qualitative data analysis Plan
CHOOSING A QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS (QDA) PLAN
Data Analysis should change what you do, not just how you do it. - Matin Movassate
If you are to choose the right data analysis plan for your study, it is first pertinent to collect qualitative data. Since Qualitative analysis is more about the meaning of the analysis, it is too confusing with unstructured and huge data. For conducting Data Analysis for any research, it is also important to have the right methodology. If the data and methods of data analysis plan are right, it will have numerous benefits, including taking the right decisions.
But before that, there are certain fundamental details to know before choosing the right data analysis plan, which includes:
What is a qualitative data analysis?
QDA is based on interpretative policy to examine the symbolic and meaningful content of data. In other words, it is interpreting the qualitative data by many processes and procedures to transform them into great insights for taking dynamic decisions.
What is qualitative data?
Descriptive data that are non-numerical and capturing concepts and opinions, values and behaviors of people in a social context is called Qualitative data Collection. It is the data from observation of audio and video recordings and also reading the transcripts of interviews and copies of documents.
What purpose does the qualitative data analysis plan perform?
Unlike Quantitative data analysis, which is more of numbers and statistics, qualitative analysis is analysis of subjective and non-numerical qualitative data. Hence it performs many functions including:
• Organizing data
• Interpreting data
• Identifying patterns
• Forming the basis for informed and verifiable conclusions
• Ties research objectives to data
After knowing the above fundamentals of Qualitative data analysis, it is time to choose the right data analysis plan. The plans can be selected for specific research design and can also be applied for a variety of research designs.
Writing Strategies and Ethical Considerations.ppt
This document provides guidance on writing a research proposal and addressing ethical considerations. It discusses the major components to include in a proposal such as an introduction stating the problem, purpose, and research questions. It also reviews appropriate formats for qualitative, quantitative, mixed methods, and transformative proposals. The document outlines important questions to consider when writing a proposal and emphasizes the need to anticipate and address any ethical issues that may arise during the research process.
Research process and proposal writing
The document outlines the research process and proposal writing. It discusses the key steps in the research process including defining the problem, literature review, developing objectives and hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, and reporting. It also covers the key elements of a research proposal such as the title, introduction, objectives, methodology, analysis plan, references, and ethics review. Some common mistakes to avoid in proposal writing are failing to cite previous work, having an unclear scope, and poor writing.
Research methodology
1. The document discusses the key aspects of research methodology including what constitutes research, its main characteristics, and the typical steps in the research process.
2. It describes research as a systematic, careful investigation aimed at establishing facts and principles through discovery or rediscovery.
3. The main stages of the research process covered are formulating the research problem, literature review, identifying variables and hypotheses, research design, data collection and analysis, and writing the research report.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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Research process
- 1. Research Process Prof. Ramdas Kendre
- 2. Research Process Identifying & Formulating Research Problem Extensive Literature Survey Developing Hypotheses Research design Sample Design Data Collection Data Analysis Hypotheses Testing Generalisation and interpretation Preparation of Report
- 3. Identifying & Formulating Research Problem • Do fluctuation in the price of raw materials cause a change in the share prices of the concerned company
- 4. Extensive Literature Survey • Journals, Newspapers, Research papers, government policies, circulars, trade agreements, books, etc
- 5. Developing Hypotheses • Tentative solutions, temoporary solutions or assumptions
- 6. Research design • Type of research design • What should be done • How will it be done • Who will do it • When will we conduct the survey • Similarally, all the activities should be planned • It is actually a blueprint of the research
- 7. Sample Design • Sampling • Decision about the sampling method • What should be the size of the sample
- 8. Data collection • Data:- are facts, figures,etc • Data is of two type- » Primary » Secondary
- 9. Data Analysis • Data analysis is done with the help of different statistical tools such as regression, correlation, averages, deviations, probability, etc
- 10. Generalisation & Interpretation • Making of a theory-Generalisation • Explaining the findings- Explaination
- 11. Reporting • Reporting in a prescribed format • Verbal and written reporting is possible