This document discusses research objectives and provides guidelines for writing effective objectives. It explains that objectives generally provide direction for a research study and influence variables, design, data collection, and results interpretation. Objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound (SMART). Examples are given to illustrate how to rewrite broad, generic objectives into clear, targeted SMART objectives. The document also outlines different types of specific objectives like gathering data, analyzing data, and developing a product. Important considerations for writing objectives like using appropriate terminology and units of measurement are also highlighted.

1. RESEARCH
OBJECTIVES
Modified by:
Zennifer L. Oberio
From the presentation
Prepared by:
Harold P. Mediodia

2. Statement
Questions
or

3. •Provide the general direction in the
conduct of the research
•Used as guides in the specifying the
variables of the study
•The choice of the research design to be
used , the data to be collected, as well
as the interpretation of results all depend
upon the objectives developed.
The Research Objectives

4. generic statement which
describes in broad terms what the
study wishes to accomplish
General Objectives

5. identify in the detail in measurable
terms the aims of the research
it breaks down what needs to be
accomplished into smaller , logical
components
Specific Objectives

6. Example 1:
General Objectives :
To determine the antihyperglycemic
property of ampalaya diet on white mice
Specific Objectives:
1.To measure the blood glucose level of
white mice before and after ampalaya diet.
2. To compare the blood glucose levels
of white mice before and after ampalaya diet.

7. Example 2
General Objectives :
To propagate yellow sweet corn using
tissue culture.
Specific Objectives:
1.To measure length of shoots of yellow
sweet corn grown using callus culture three
weeks after transplantation.
2. To compute for the proliferation rate of
yellow sweet corn using callus culture.

8. S - specific
•To study fruit flies.
•To determine the effect of environmental
factors on light waves.
•To determine the effect of mulching on
plants.To produce a robot.
The S-M-A-R-T Objectives

9. To study fruit flies.
could be..
To determine the reproductive capacity of
Drosophila melanogaster exposed to
gamma radiation in terms of number and
sex ratio of the offspring

10. •To identify the role of mangroves on the
population of mollusks
•To determine the significance of sunlight on
Vibrio
The S-M-A-R-T Objectives
M - measurable

11. To identify the role of mangroves on
the population of mollusks.
could be…
To compare the relative abundance of
gastropods in natural and rehabilitated mangrove
forests in Panay Island

12. • To map the gene sequence of different varieties of
banana.
• To compare the growth and development of hornbills
in a disturbed and undisturbed forests.
The S-M-A-R-T Objectives
A - attainable

13. The S-M-A-R-T Objectives
R - result-based
• To appreciate the importance of antennae in insects.

14. • To describe the inheritance of left-handedness on
human being.
• To compute for the rate of decay of radioactive
isotopes.
The S-M-A-R-T Objectives
T – time bound

15. S – specific
M – measurable
A – attainable
R – result-based
T – time bound
The S-M-A-R-T Objectives

16. In studying objectives avoid using …
• To study
• To know
• To research
Reminder:

17. Instead you have a lot of choices …
And a lot more…
•To identify
•To measure
•To compare
•To develop
•To describe
•To classify
•To test
•To analyze
•To compute
•To differentiate

18. 1. Objective to gather data
2. Objective to analyze data
3. Objective to develop a product
KINDS OF SPECIFIC
OBJECTIVES

19. 1.To identify the diatoms found on each sample
substrate up to the species level of classification;
2. To compare for the relative abundance
(in percentage) of each diatom species;
and
3. To compute for the species diversity (in rats )
of diatoms found in the river.
Objective to gather data

20. To compare the swim times (I minutes ) of
mice before and after undergoing a two-
week VCO diet.
To determine the relationship between
concentration of glucose (g/L) and voltage
generated (mV) by E. coli.
Objective to analyze data

21. 1. To design a log box that will use a light sensor
to read bar-coded cards.
2. To design cards with different bar code
combinations –each combination will
correspond to a different individual.
3. To create a computer program that will display
the employee’s name, date time in or time out
and store them in a database.
Objective to develop a product

22. 1. Units for parameters
2. Accurate technical or scientific
terminologies
3. For developmental studies :Measurable
outcomes , phases of development
IMPORTANT
CONSIDERATIONS

23. References:
Cadomigara, m..2002. Fundamentals of research,
Methods and Models. Mindset Publishing, Inc. Iloilo City.
Pyrczak, F., Bruce, R.R.2003. Writing Empirical
Research Reports (4th Ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak
Publishing .

24. !!