This study aimed to delimit species boundaries within the Brazilian cactus genus Uebelmannia using ddRAD-seq data and coalescent-based methods. Analysis of 5,386 loci from individuals representing the currently recognized 6 taxa recovered 12 operational taxonomic units using species tree inference but failed to fully resolve species boundaries. Genealogical divergence index values supported two divergent lineages that correspond to geography and morphology, albeit with some taxa grouped together. Integrating additional data sources like morphology may be needed to fully resolve species limits in this highly structured microendemic genus.
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
“Distributional patterns of the order Gomphales (fungi: basidiomycota) in Nor...astridGonzalez29
ASTRID GONZÁLEZ-ÁVILA and DAVID ESPINOSA-ORGANISTA
Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla del 5 de mayo s/n, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, CP 09230, Ciudad de México, México.
Understanding the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic cell and the full diversity of eukaryotes is relevant to many biological disciplines.
However, our current understanding of eukaryotic genomes is extremely biased, leading to a skewed view of eukaryotic biology.
We argue that a phylogeny-driven initiative to cover the full eukaryotic diversity is needed to overcome this bias.
•
◦There is an important bias in eukaryotic knowledge, affecting cultures and genomes.
Eukaryotic genomics are biased towards multicellular organisms and their parasites.
◦A phylogeny-driven initiative is needed to overcome the eukaryotic genomic bias.
◦We propose to sequence neglected cultures and increase culturing efforts.
◦Single-cell genomics should be embraced as a tool to explore eukaryotic diversity
Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships studies of Aegilops L. usi...Innspub Net
Studying of genetic relationships among Aegilops L. species is very important for broadening the cultivated wheat genepool, and monitoring genetic erosion, because the genus Aegilops includes the wild relatives of cultivated wheat which contain numerous unique alleles that are absent in modern wheat cultivars and it can contribute to broaden the genetic base of wheat and improve yield, quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of wheat. The use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphism at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in plant biotechnology and their genetics studies. There are different types of markers, morphological, biochemical and DNA based molecular markers. These DNA-based markers based on PCR (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, IRAP), amongst others, the microsatellite DNA marker has been the most widely used, due to its easy use by simple PCR, followed by a denaturing gel electrophoresis for allele size determination, and to the high degree of information provided by its large number of alleles per locus. Day by day development of such new and specific types of markers makes their importance in understanding the genomic variability and the diversity between the same as well as different species of the plants. In this review, we will discuss about genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships studies of Aegilops L. using some molecular markers, with theirs Advantages, and disadvantages.
First attempts using NGS in Senecio (Asteraceae)
Building a robust phylogeny of Culcitium group: a baseline for addressing further evolutionary questions for the genus in the Andes
Here, we describe a learning strategy that results an excellent choice for a first approach of students to produce scientific knowledge that can be confronted in the scientific field as well as recognize in this knowledge the transferability to the natural resources management. Nowadays, the availability of several Population Genetics software together with public molecular database represents a valuable tool of great assistance for teachers of this discipline. In this way, we implemented a
lecture where the students worked with empirical data set from a recent published article. The students joined theoretical concepts learned, computational software free available and empirical data set. The development of the activity comprised four steps: i) estimate population genetics parameters using software recommended by teachers, ii) understand results in a biological sense, iii) read the original manuscript from dataset authors and iv) compare both results in a comprehensive way. The students assumed the challenge under a reflective look and they kept a very fruitful discussion playing a role of population geneticists. Their exchange of ideas allowed them arrive to the conclusion that Manilkara zapota populations keep high levels of genetic diversity, although Ancient Maya left traces in the genetic makeup of these non-native populations with different management histories.
Behavioral signature of intraspecific competition anddensity.docxAASTHA76
Behavioral signature of intraspecific competition and
density dependence in colony-breeding marine predators
Greg A. Breed1, W. Don Bowen2 & Marty L. Leonard1
1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada
2Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
Keywords
Animal movement, compensatory population
regulation, correlated random walk, foraging
ecology, juvenile mortality, marine mammal,
seal, switching state-space model.
Correspondence
Greg A. Breed, Department of Biological
Sciences University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
T6G 2E9, Canada. Tel: 780-492-7942;
E-mail: [email protected]
Funding information
This work was supported by the Future of
Marine Animal Populations program, Fisheries
and Oceans Canada, Dalhousie University,
and NSERC grants awarded to Marty Leonard
and W. Don Bowen. This research was
conducted under the authorization of the
Canadian Ministry of Fisheries protocol nos.
04-13, 02-91, 00-051, and 98-078.
Received: 24 May 2013; Revised: 26 July
2013; Accepted: 12 August 2013
Ecology and Evolution 2013; 3(11): 3838–
3854
doi: 10.1002/ece3.754
Abstract
In populations of colony-breeding marine animals, foraging around colonies
can lead to intraspecific competition. This competition affects individual forag-
ing behavior and can cause density-dependent population growth. Where
behavioral data are available, it may be possible to infer the mechanism of
intraspecific competition. If these mechanics are understood, they can be used
to predict the population-level functional response resulting from the competi-
tion. Using satellite relocation and dive data, we studied the use of space and
foraging behavior of juvenile and adult gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) from a
large (over 200,000) and growing population breeding at Sable Island, Nova
Scotia (44.0 oN 60.0 oW). These data were first analyzed using a behaviorally
switching state-space model to infer foraging areas followed by randomization
analysis of foraging region overlap of competing age classes. Patterns of habitat
use and behavioral time budgets indicate that young-of-year juveniles (YOY)
were likely displaced from foraging areas near (<10 km) the breeding colony by
adult females. This displacement was most pronounced in the summer. Addi-
tionally, our data suggest that YOY are less capable divers than adults and this
limits the habitat available to them. However, other segregating mechanisms
cannot be ruled out, and we discuss several alternate hypotheses. Mark–resight
data indicate juveniles born between 1998 and 2002 have much reduced survi-
vorship compared with cohorts born in the late 1980s, while adult survivorship
has remained steady. Combined with behavioral observations, our data suggest
YOY are losing an intraspecific competition between adults and juveniles,
resulting in the currently observed decelerating logistic ...
Magpali et al (2020) Adaptive evolution of hearing genes in echolocating dolp...Letícia Magpali
Candidate poster for presentation at the I Meeting of Systematics, Biogeography and Evolution (SBE), in the category Phylogenomics and molecular evolution.
Magpali, L.; Freitas, L.; Ramos, E. K. S.; de Souza, E. M. S.; Nery, M. F.
University of Campinas / Biology Institute, Brazil
“Distributional patterns of the order Gomphales (fungi: basidiomycota) in Nor...astridGonzalez29
ASTRID GONZÁLEZ-ÁVILA and DAVID ESPINOSA-ORGANISTA
Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla del 5 de mayo s/n, Ejército de Oriente, Iztapalapa, CP 09230, Ciudad de México, México.
Understanding the origin and evolution of the eukaryotic cell and the full diversity of eukaryotes is relevant to many biological disciplines.
However, our current understanding of eukaryotic genomes is extremely biased, leading to a skewed view of eukaryotic biology.
We argue that a phylogeny-driven initiative to cover the full eukaryotic diversity is needed to overcome this bias.
•
◦There is an important bias in eukaryotic knowledge, affecting cultures and genomes.
Eukaryotic genomics are biased towards multicellular organisms and their parasites.
◦A phylogeny-driven initiative is needed to overcome the eukaryotic genomic bias.
◦We propose to sequence neglected cultures and increase culturing efforts.
◦Single-cell genomics should be embraced as a tool to explore eukaryotic diversity
Genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships studies of Aegilops L. usi...Innspub Net
Studying of genetic relationships among Aegilops L. species is very important for broadening the cultivated wheat genepool, and monitoring genetic erosion, because the genus Aegilops includes the wild relatives of cultivated wheat which contain numerous unique alleles that are absent in modern wheat cultivars and it can contribute to broaden the genetic base of wheat and improve yield, quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses of wheat. The use of molecular markers, revealing polymorphism at the DNA level, has been playing an increasing part in plant biotechnology and their genetics studies. There are different types of markers, morphological, biochemical and DNA based molecular markers. These DNA-based markers based on PCR (RAPD, AFLP, SSR, ISSR, IRAP), amongst others, the microsatellite DNA marker has been the most widely used, due to its easy use by simple PCR, followed by a denaturing gel electrophoresis for allele size determination, and to the high degree of information provided by its large number of alleles per locus. Day by day development of such new and specific types of markers makes their importance in understanding the genomic variability and the diversity between the same as well as different species of the plants. In this review, we will discuss about genetic variability and phylogenetic relationships studies of Aegilops L. using some molecular markers, with theirs Advantages, and disadvantages.
First attempts using NGS in Senecio (Asteraceae)
Building a robust phylogeny of Culcitium group: a baseline for addressing further evolutionary questions for the genus in the Andes
Here, we describe a learning strategy that results an excellent choice for a first approach of students to produce scientific knowledge that can be confronted in the scientific field as well as recognize in this knowledge the transferability to the natural resources management. Nowadays, the availability of several Population Genetics software together with public molecular database represents a valuable tool of great assistance for teachers of this discipline. In this way, we implemented a
lecture where the students worked with empirical data set from a recent published article. The students joined theoretical concepts learned, computational software free available and empirical data set. The development of the activity comprised four steps: i) estimate population genetics parameters using software recommended by teachers, ii) understand results in a biological sense, iii) read the original manuscript from dataset authors and iv) compare both results in a comprehensive way. The students assumed the challenge under a reflective look and they kept a very fruitful discussion playing a role of population geneticists. Their exchange of ideas allowed them arrive to the conclusion that Manilkara zapota populations keep high levels of genetic diversity, although Ancient Maya left traces in the genetic makeup of these non-native populations with different management histories.
Behavioral signature of intraspecific competition anddensity.docxAASTHA76
Behavioral signature of intraspecific competition and
density dependence in colony-breeding marine predators
Greg A. Breed1, W. Don Bowen2 & Marty L. Leonard1
1Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4J1, Canada
2Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada
Keywords
Animal movement, compensatory population
regulation, correlated random walk, foraging
ecology, juvenile mortality, marine mammal,
seal, switching state-space model.
Correspondence
Greg A. Breed, Department of Biological
Sciences University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
T6G 2E9, Canada. Tel: 780-492-7942;
E-mail: [email protected]
Funding information
This work was supported by the Future of
Marine Animal Populations program, Fisheries
and Oceans Canada, Dalhousie University,
and NSERC grants awarded to Marty Leonard
and W. Don Bowen. This research was
conducted under the authorization of the
Canadian Ministry of Fisheries protocol nos.
04-13, 02-91, 00-051, and 98-078.
Received: 24 May 2013; Revised: 26 July
2013; Accepted: 12 August 2013
Ecology and Evolution 2013; 3(11): 3838–
3854
doi: 10.1002/ece3.754
Abstract
In populations of colony-breeding marine animals, foraging around colonies
can lead to intraspecific competition. This competition affects individual forag-
ing behavior and can cause density-dependent population growth. Where
behavioral data are available, it may be possible to infer the mechanism of
intraspecific competition. If these mechanics are understood, they can be used
to predict the population-level functional response resulting from the competi-
tion. Using satellite relocation and dive data, we studied the use of space and
foraging behavior of juvenile and adult gray seals (Halichoerus grypus) from a
large (over 200,000) and growing population breeding at Sable Island, Nova
Scotia (44.0 oN 60.0 oW). These data were first analyzed using a behaviorally
switching state-space model to infer foraging areas followed by randomization
analysis of foraging region overlap of competing age classes. Patterns of habitat
use and behavioral time budgets indicate that young-of-year juveniles (YOY)
were likely displaced from foraging areas near (<10 km) the breeding colony by
adult females. This displacement was most pronounced in the summer. Addi-
tionally, our data suggest that YOY are less capable divers than adults and this
limits the habitat available to them. However, other segregating mechanisms
cannot be ruled out, and we discuss several alternate hypotheses. Mark–resight
data indicate juveniles born between 1998 and 2002 have much reduced survi-
vorship compared with cohorts born in the late 1980s, while adult survivorship
has remained steady. Combined with behavioral observations, our data suggest
YOY are losing an intraspecific competition between adults and juveniles,
resulting in the currently observed decelerating logistic ...
The climbing vine kudzu, a member of the leguminous
pea family (Fabaceae), was introduced into the USA
from its native Asia in the 1800s. It was initially lauded
for efficacy in erosion control along highways and as a
high-quality grazing crop for livestock. P. montana var.
lobata has since become a truculent invasive, spreading
via vegetative runners and seed dispersal. Seven
million acres of the American southeast are now
plagued by this vine.
Neutral genetic diversity preservation in a first-generation breeding populat...Premier Publishers
To increase availability of animal proteins in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Cavia porcellus was recently enrolled in a breeding program that includes base populations from DRC and Belgium. To preserve whole or part of the source's genetic diversity over breeding cycles, cognizance of genetic diversity in natural populations is required. We tested the cross-amplification of eleven pairs of microsatellite primers that were isolated from Cavia aperea and C. magnea. Amplification tests by polymerase chain reaction were performed on total DNA of 30 C. porcellus using 11 microsatellite loci. All the microsatellites amplified at the expected size and were polymorphic for C. porcellus. Using these microsatellite loci, we assessed the genetic diversity of base populations and of first-generation breeding population. High levels of genetic diversity were found within the base populations. These populations exhibited fixation indices significantly greater than 0, indicating occurrence of inbreeding. Moderate differentiation (RST = 0.123) was observed among the base populations. The first-generation breeding population displayed a significantly lower fixation index (0.083) and a higher genetic diversity (A = 5.73; HO = 0.571; HE = 0.663) than the base populations. Appropriate breeding strategies that would limit inbreeding over breeding cycles are discussed.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
SpeciesDelimitation_Uebelmannia
1. Species delimitation in Uebelmannia
(Cactaceae) using ddRAD-Seq data.
Milena C. Telhe¹, Manolo F. Perez¹, Gislaine A.R. Silva¹, Gulzar Khan¹, Juliana R.
Bombonato¹,2, Fernando F. Franco¹,2, Evandro M. Moraes¹
1.Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR – Brazil)
2.Universidade de São Paulo (UFSCAR – Brazil)
1
2. Uebelmannia is a Brazilian cactus genus
● 3 species and 5 subspecies are recognized;
● High genetic differentiation within species (Silva
et al., 2020, Biodivers. Conserv. 29).
● Isolated populations with their own
morphological features.
● Genetic differences + morphological variations
may reflect the presence of species not yet
recognized or local adaptations.
Challenges in species delimitation of
highly structured microendemic species
● Rapid and recent diversification;
● Sky-island distributions;
● High population genetic structure;
● Past gene flow and population size
changes.
➔ To face those challenges, the
interspecific limits in
Uebelmannia were tested using
ddRADseq data in a multispecies
coalescent approach.
2
Figure. (A, ) U. gummifera
subsp. gummifera; (B, ) U.
gummifera subsp.
meninensis; (C, ) U.
buiningii; (D, ) U.
pectinifera subsp.
flavispina; (E, ) U.
pectinifera subsp. horrida;
(F, ) U. pectinifera subsp.
pectinifera. Source:
LaGEVol.
INTRODUCTION
3. METHODS
Trying to deal with those challenges
Species tree (Astral)
OTU discovery (Species
tree; FastStructure;
Taxonomy)
Species delimitation
Data Processing Species Delimitation
3
Filtering ddRADseq
data.
Assembly ddRADseq
data (5,386 loci)
FastQC MultiQC CutAdapt
Ipyrad CD-Hit
Gene trees (IQtree)
BPP + Genealogical
divergence index (gdi)
4. H0: Taxonomy - 6 OTU’s
H1: FastStructure - 4 OTU’s
H2: Species Tree - 12 OTU’s
BPP results:
Taxonomy: 6 species pp=1.0
FastStructure: 4 species pp=1.0
Species Tree: 12 species pp=1.0
gdi > 0.7
Taxonomy: 2 groups - U. gummifera
+ U. buiningii; U. pectinifera.
FastStructure: 2 groups – U.
gummifera + U. buiningii; U.
pectinifera.
Species Tree: still in progress
BPP
Species delimitation
RESULTS
Testing species hypotheses:
* Others gdi values were between
0.2-0.7, a range of indecision.
gdi group 1:
gdi group 2:
5. ● Bayesian species delimitation based on MSC model tend to over-split species when high genetic
structure is present (Leaché et al., 2019, Syst. Biol 68; Sukumaran & Knowles, 2017, PNAS.114)
● gdi is useful to delimiting species with high population structure, once it estimate a general degree of
genetic divergence among taxa considering the combined effects of genetic isolation and gene flow,
although it has a large range of indecision (0.2–0.7) (Leaché et al., 2020, Evolution. 74; Jackson et al.,
2017, Syst. Biol. 66)
● In addition, other sources of information (ex. ecological, morphological) could help in species
delimitation (Sukumaran & Knowles 2017, PNAS.114)
→ The Bayesian species delimitation was not able to distinguish species boundaries within
Uebelmannia. However, gdi recovered two groups with genealogical divergence, indicating
separate evolutionary lineages. Those groups correspond to the geographic distribution, well
supported clades and partialy to taxonomy. Although U. Buininigii is lumped with U.
gummifera, both have a very distinct morphology.
→ Next steps: estimate gdi for the species tree hypothesis and incorporate morphological data.
5
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
