Architectural decoration is not only a constituent part of architectural style, but also a connotation expression of the diversity of architectural culture. There is a multi-level relevance between the subject
matter, modeling and implication of architectural decoration pattern and architectural type, space and units. The related research is an important supplement to the systematic research of traditional architecture. In view of this, on the basis of detailed investigation and surveying of the research
specimens, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied in this study to divide hierarchy of the decorative patterns and the architectural identity, compares the weights of the relevance between the hierarchies,clarifies the complex relationship between the decorative patterns and architecture, and studies the architectural form and its cultural connotation from the architectural decoration.
Comparative Study In The Facades as A Shape's Formulation Rules for buildings...mahmood Albrifkany
Shape's Formulation Rules of The New Facades In Waleed City, Northern Cyprus
(Rhythm)
Comparative Study In The Facades as A Shape's Formulation Rules for buildings In The Waleed City, Northern Cyprus
Case Law Analysis - Intellectual PropertyIn this unit, you will .docxcowinhelen
Case Law Analysis - Intellectual Property
In this unit, you will select a case law pertaining to the topic of intellectual property.
Each case law analysis allows you to express yourself as clearly and fully as possible in dissecting a court decision. The purpose of the assignment is two-fold:
1. To give you the opportunity to read a real court decision.
2. To challenge you to think about how you would have decided the case. In your case law analyses, you must be able to navigate the court's decision and summarize it; you are not expected to act as a judge or an advocate.
Using your selected court decision, prepare an analysis that responds to the following:
1. Articulates the importance, context, purpose, and relevance of law in a business environment:
. Identify the parties who are before the court.
. Provide a brief background to the problem. Summarize the facts in no more than 2–3 paragraphs.
. Identify what is the specific disagreement between the parties.
. Explain the ruling of the court in no more than 1–2 paragraphs.
· Evaluates key judicial concepts that influence the decisions related to business:
. Was there a dissenting opinion? If so, explain why some of the judges or justices disagreed with the majority in the decision.
. Do you agree with the court's decision? Why or why not?
You may choose any court case, either state or federal, as the basis for your case law analysis; however, the case should be applicable to the assignment topic. The recommended Web sites for researching and locating a case are listed in the Resources area.
Your analysis should be no more than two pages, double-spaced. References and citations are to adhere to APA formatting and style guidelines. Prior to submitting your assignment, be sure to review the scoring guide to ensure you have met all of the grading criteria.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Community Driven Urban Design: Social Practice Tactics for
Addressing Issues of the Built Environment
ABSTRACT:
Several professionals in the field of architecture and urban design employ creative tactics focused on social impact, civic
dialogue, and grass roots placemaking. Drawing on socially responsible urban design theory, as well as principles of arts-
based civic engagement and social change, these efforts have gained momentum in the 21st century due to a variety of
economic, governmental, social and technological factors. This research capstone will include an extensive literature
review through two courses – PPPM 523 Urban Revitalization and an independent reading course on “bottom-up”
urban design with Professor Philip Speranza – as well as web-based document analysis of select case studies. The
purpose of this study is to locate these tactics within current urban redevelopment policy and arts-based community
development theory, and outline elements of best practice as a means of advancing the field of community driven urban
design.
KEYWORDS:
Urban revitalization, urban designers, built environm.
Productivity Development in the Construction Industry by International Compar...civejjour
A downward trend on productivity growth rates has been observed since the 1970s of the twentieth century
for construction sectors of western industrial countries. Despite conflicting evidence, numerous recent
economic studies on growth research suggest that innovation and technology are significant drivers for
productivity and growth. According to the OECD the lack or low level of employees' skills and qualifications
might be in different ways a possible explanation for the observed slowdown of productivity growth. In this
context, intrafirm behaviour has long been recognized as a potentially important driver for productivity.
Results from surveys show that management practices have become more structured, in the sense of involving
more data collection and analysis. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the measured
management quality and firm performance can be observed. Studies suggest that there is a positive
association between human skills and productivity
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
has completed hundreds of projects mainly in China. Utilizing breathable desert sand using the
surface free energy is something not mastered before and DakeRechsand introduces an ecofriendly, sediment-free, recyclable, and much efficient technology to enhance rainwater
harvesting and water conservation.
More Related Content
Similar to RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIVE PATTERNS AND THEIR CARRIERS BASED ON ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Comparative Study In The Facades as A Shape's Formulation Rules for buildings...mahmood Albrifkany
Shape's Formulation Rules of The New Facades In Waleed City, Northern Cyprus
(Rhythm)
Comparative Study In The Facades as A Shape's Formulation Rules for buildings In The Waleed City, Northern Cyprus
Case Law Analysis - Intellectual PropertyIn this unit, you will .docxcowinhelen
Case Law Analysis - Intellectual Property
In this unit, you will select a case law pertaining to the topic of intellectual property.
Each case law analysis allows you to express yourself as clearly and fully as possible in dissecting a court decision. The purpose of the assignment is two-fold:
1. To give you the opportunity to read a real court decision.
2. To challenge you to think about how you would have decided the case. In your case law analyses, you must be able to navigate the court's decision and summarize it; you are not expected to act as a judge or an advocate.
Using your selected court decision, prepare an analysis that responds to the following:
1. Articulates the importance, context, purpose, and relevance of law in a business environment:
. Identify the parties who are before the court.
. Provide a brief background to the problem. Summarize the facts in no more than 2–3 paragraphs.
. Identify what is the specific disagreement between the parties.
. Explain the ruling of the court in no more than 1–2 paragraphs.
· Evaluates key judicial concepts that influence the decisions related to business:
. Was there a dissenting opinion? If so, explain why some of the judges or justices disagreed with the majority in the decision.
. Do you agree with the court's decision? Why or why not?
You may choose any court case, either state or federal, as the basis for your case law analysis; however, the case should be applicable to the assignment topic. The recommended Web sites for researching and locating a case are listed in the Resources area.
Your analysis should be no more than two pages, double-spaced. References and citations are to adhere to APA formatting and style guidelines. Prior to submitting your assignment, be sure to review the scoring guide to ensure you have met all of the grading criteria.
RESEARCH PROPOSAL
Community Driven Urban Design: Social Practice Tactics for
Addressing Issues of the Built Environment
ABSTRACT:
Several professionals in the field of architecture and urban design employ creative tactics focused on social impact, civic
dialogue, and grass roots placemaking. Drawing on socially responsible urban design theory, as well as principles of arts-
based civic engagement and social change, these efforts have gained momentum in the 21st century due to a variety of
economic, governmental, social and technological factors. This research capstone will include an extensive literature
review through two courses – PPPM 523 Urban Revitalization and an independent reading course on “bottom-up”
urban design with Professor Philip Speranza – as well as web-based document analysis of select case studies. The
purpose of this study is to locate these tactics within current urban redevelopment policy and arts-based community
development theory, and outline elements of best practice as a means of advancing the field of community driven urban
design.
KEYWORDS:
Urban revitalization, urban designers, built environm.
Productivity Development in the Construction Industry by International Compar...civejjour
A downward trend on productivity growth rates has been observed since the 1970s of the twentieth century
for construction sectors of western industrial countries. Despite conflicting evidence, numerous recent
economic studies on growth research suggest that innovation and technology are significant drivers for
productivity and growth. According to the OECD the lack or low level of employees' skills and qualifications
might be in different ways a possible explanation for the observed slowdown of productivity growth. In this
context, intrafirm behaviour has long been recognized as a potentially important driver for productivity.
Results from surveys show that management practices have become more structured, in the sense of involving
more data collection and analysis. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the measured
management quality and firm performance can be observed. Studies suggest that there is a positive
association between human skills and productivity
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
has completed hundreds of projects mainly in China. Utilizing breathable desert sand using the
surface free energy is something not mastered before and DakeRechsand introduces an ecofriendly, sediment-free, recyclable, and much efficient technology to enhance rainwater
harvesting and water conservation.
Stormwater Runoff Treatment and Infiltration via Silica-Sand based Pervious P...civejjour
Stormwater runoff samples were collected from a roadway in Beijing and were analysed for turbidity, pH,
TSS, TDS, COD, TP, TN, as well as metals Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, Cd, and Mn. The results showed that runoff
pollutant concentrations were relatively high. TSS, Zn, Fe, and Al concentrations exceeded the benchmark
values set by USEPA, indicating a high level of concern about impairing receiving water quality and the
need for pollution prevention measures. Also, most pollutant concentrations exceeded the those in
Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) study. The collected runoff samples were treated through two
bench-scale facilities composed of sand-based pervious bricks, subbase materials, and two types of
500mm-thick subsoils. The infiltration capacity of the brick is above 0.025 cm/s, and good water retention
and recharge properties was achieved with the help of subbase and subsoils. On the other hand, the
average removal of TSS, TP, and TN reached 81.8%, 64.1%, and 64.4%, respectively. The average
removal rates of Pb, Al, Zn, Fe, and Cd also reached 50%-99.2%. The sand-based pervious brick is
featured with micron-level pores. The paver system significantly reduced stormwater runoff pollutant
concentrations and good removal rates were acheived comparing to many pervious pavers with larger
pores.
The Impact of Aspect Ratio on the Behaviour of Rigid Water Storage Tankscivejjour
Ubiquitous reinforced concrete water storage tanks are quite popular and widely used in Palestine as in
elsewhere in the world; they form pivotal components of major bulk-water carrier systems. In essence, they
form lifelines to many communities; the water storage concept is as old as civilization itself. Location and
land availability often dictate the topology of the tank’s structure. They may be either shallow and stubby
or deep yet slender or anywhere in between having an aspect ratio dictated by overall site conditions. In
all cases adequate structural analysis is mandatory.
The Dynamics of Man's History and Economic Development: A Refocus on Ecologic...civejjour
Man’s history and developmental endeavour have been advancing alongside a trail of
ecological ramifications and climate change. Since prehistoric times, scientists have not
recorded an accelerated shift in ecology during any other epoch beside that of modern man
on the planet. The paper seeks to explore how man’s history and development affects ecology
and climate. It uses desk analysis to recollect data from global assessment reports and runs a
One paired Sample Means t-Test, 1 tailed, 8 df, at Pearson Correlation value 0.458 and 0.5
level. Findings show that, there is global climate change, seen in global warming trends; and
imbalance in ecological footprint, seen in depletion of air, water and land sinks. The t-Test
reveals significant net loss of global forest cover. The study also, found that at present,
processes of development generally tend to damage ecology. Therefore, the study
recommends a refocus to sustainable means of development.
Cost Effective Methods in Construction Engineeringcivejjour
The economic impact of construction cost overrun is a possible loss of the economic justification for the
project. The financial impact of a cost overrun results in demand for construction investment credits.
Therefore reliable estimates of construction cost are an important aspect to the contemporary construction
companies especially during the conceptual phase of lifecycle management. In this paper a cost-effective
analysis is done using one of the cost effective construction technique called Rat Trap Bond versus Flemish
bond and when estimated with CPWD 2012 schedule of rates it is proved that Low cost techniques such as
rat trap bond provides better cost effectiveness as compared to conventional Flemish bond construction
method.
Geotechnical Characterization on the Soyo Road Section using Electrical Resis...civejjour
The need for near-surface soils and rocks characterization at planned construction sites, using geophysical
techniques, has grown rapidly during the last few decades to map the variations in the soil stiffness and the
depth to bedrock. Although borehole data are important in geotechnical engineering, providing
information on stability and strength of soils and rocks, it is limited to a few points. To take borehole data
on the hole construction site becomes necessary increase the borehole density, which makes the project
very expensive. Geophysical techniques have the advantage in collecting information of large volume of
soils and rocks in its natural state. The Soyo Road was opened to traffic in 2017 but, due to the lack on
soils and rocks physic-mechanical properties information, there is still to complete a section of about 700
meters in the mangrove zone. Geophysical techniques were applied with the main goal of providing
technical information, essential for the completion of the targeted road section. Electrical resistivity data
was recorded along a profile of 820m long, using forty-two electrodes20-meter spaced, under pole-dipole
array. Seismic measurements were taken using twenty-four geophones, 5-meter spaced, 115-meter length
spread. Five seismic spreads were connected, generating a seismic line of 575-meters long. Measured
geophysical data were processed using EarthImager 2D, SeisImager/2D and SeisImager/SWpackages.
Electrical resistivity section shows two zones, the first associated with unconsolidated and/or poorly
consolidated soils, composed by clay, silt, sandy, carbonated rocks mixed with sloth and organic clay and,
the second associated with rock, composed by clay, all them saturated with marine saltwater. Seismic
refraction section shows an interface separating non-compacted soils and unconsolidated rocks to
compacted soils. Multi-channel analysis of surface waves model shows an alternating sequence of
horizontal horizons in the investigated first ≈25-meter depth, composed by non-compacted soils and/or
unconsolidated rocks and compacted soils. Due to its shear velocity values the site is constituted by soft
and stiff soils, composed by homogeneous organic matter and elements of mineral origin, responsible for
the ruptures and landslides that occurred and for the sinking of the structures built on the site.
The Impact of Aspect Ratio on the Behaviour of Rigid Water Storage Tankscivejjour
Ubiquitous reinforced concrete water storage tanks are quite popular and widely used in Palestine as in
elsewhere in the world; they form pivotal components of major bulk-water carrier systems. In essence, they
form lifelines to many communities; the water storage concept is as old as civilization itself. Location and
land availability often dictate the topology of the tank’s structure. They may be either shallow and stubby
or deep yet slender or anywhere in between having an aspect ratio dictated by overall site conditions. In
all cases adequate structural analysis is mandatory.
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF AIRCRAFT NOISE AROUND ABU DHABI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Studying the Effects of Aircraft Noise Around Abu Dhabi International Airport...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Evaluation of the Superplasticizer Effect on the Concrete Compressive Strengt...civejjour
Concrete is the most important material in the civil engineering. The concrete compressive strength is a
non-linear function of the concrete age and some constituents. These constituents include cement, blast
furnace slag, fly ash, superplasticizer, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The superplasticizers are
among elements which are important in increasing the concrete compressive strength and we are going to
analyze here using the tree-classification decision algorithm. The decision trees, usually, are used in
classification of a bunch of data. J48 is one of the most favoured ones. The decision trees are developed
using information entropy on a collection of training data. J48 is a recursive algorithm that combines the
remaining of the following data sets and continues normalizing the output data using the separation
process until a uniform classification result obtains. This article evaluates the superplasticizer effect on the
concrete compressive strength using the tree-classification decision algorithm.
Towards Innovate Methods of Construction Cost Management and Controlcivejjour
Project cost is one of the three main challenges for the construction manager, where the success of a
project is judged by meeting the criteria of cost with budget, schedule on time, and quality as specified by
the owner. Many projects experience extensive delays and thereby exceed initial time and cost estimate.
Available information, good estimating practice and experienced personnel are some of the factors found
to have considerable impact on estimation accuracy. The successful execution of construction projects and
keeping them within estimated cost and prescribed schedules depend on a methodology that requires sound
engineering judgment. So the research aim is to conduct research study and process of exploring the
existing model related to above three types of estimate and their contribution to civil engineering cost
management and control especially getting motivated with the verification and validation component of
CRASP methodology. The objective of this paper or scope of this research in this paper is to conduct
literature study and review towards exploring innovative techniques such as Artificial Intelligence
Techniques or Expert System Techniques available and applicable to make decision making or decision
support regarding construction cost management and control at three levels: (i) before the actual civil
engineering project design begins (ii) after detailed design but before execution and (iii) during project
execution
Incorporating Participatory Planning and Quality Function Deployment in Urban...civejjour
Urban Planning is a technical process concerned with the control of the use of land and design of urban
environment to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities. Outcomes from
the urban planning process are detailed plans. In Bahrain the detailed plans are developed through a
lengthy two-stage process, namely, design and implementation. During this lengthy process the documented
design variations were found to be the main cause for implementation delay. In addition, it was discovered
that land owners exclusion from the urban planning process caused major disagreements, between the
urban planning authorities and the land owners. Accordingly, this paper presents an investigation into the
applied urban planning process in Bahrain, and proposes a solution that incorporates Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) technique. The study is based on face-to-face interviews, questionnaire, Delphi method,
and a case study (North Tubli). The results of this study concluded that using participatory planning and
QFD within the urban planning process enables evaluation of the different alternative plans, based on
scientific and systematic procedures. In addition, it ensures that land owners and community members
requirements are satisfied.
Biogas Technology as a Sustainable Domestic Organic Waste Management Measure ...civejjour
Solid waste management especially residential organic waste management is one of the most important
problems after the water quality in developing countries all over the world. There are many waste
management techniques for the disposal of these wastes. Attaining sustainability goals is the challenge
faced by each of these techniques. This paper presents the evaluation study of the biogas technology as a
sustainable domestic organic waste management measure. The evaluation method is detailed and the
perception of the biogas users with respect to different aspects of sustainability is presented here. The
technological benefits and bottle necks were also reviewed in this paper.
Studying the Effects of Aircraft Noise Around Abu Dhabi International Airport...civejjour
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of aircraft noise pollution on community and workers’
health near Abu Dhabi International Airport. This study was conducted in residential neighborhoods and
employment areas living and working within a 25-km radius of the airport with high exposure to aircraft
noise and in matched control areas far from the airport (outside the 25-km radius) and are unaffected by
aircraft noise. Data was collected by conducting a revealed-preference face-to-face interview surveys
among the residents and the workers nea rand far from Abu Dhabi International Airport during the months
of September and December 2014. A total of 5,070 residents in both areas (2,579 near the airport and
2,492 far from the airport) and 1,995 workers in both areas (995 near the airport and 1,000 far from the
airport) were interviewed and completed the questionnaire. Binomial Logit Regression Model was used to
determine the impact of aircraft noise on community and workers’ health. After controlling for
confounders, the health of the residents adjacent to the airport who have been chronically exposed to high
aircraft noise level are found to be worse than the control group. The results show that residents from the
noise exposure area have a high level of noise stress, hypertension, headache, general disturbance, loss of
sleep/insomnia, and hearing problems than the matched control area. On the other hand, aircraft noise
pollution near Abu Dhabi Airport has no negative impact on workers adjacent to the airport. The impact of
aircraft noise on community health should not restrain the growth of air travel industry in the city as this
growth is essential and beneficial to the whole nation’s economy. The reduction of aircraft noise level in
the exposed area could be achieved by imposing policies, codes of practices, and action noise plans to
assess and evaluate land use management as an effective tool for mitigating aircraft noise. Future research
should assess community health based on self-reported physician diagnosed blood pressure; and hearing,
stress, headache diagnostic examination.
Evaluation of Performance of High Calcium Fly Ash as a Mineral Filler in Mix ...civejjour
In the present research work, traditional mineral filler, high calcium Fly Ash, is used in the mix design of
micro surfacing is evaluated with possibility of replacing it with other environmental friendly and cost
effective selected fillers. The chemical analysis and material testing performed on high calcium Fly Ash
filler indicate its suitability for incorporation in the mix design. The optimum mix design for microsurfacing
Type II and Type III is determined through trial and error method. Also, the performance of a laboratory
design mix is evaluated with field application. The field experimentation indicate that the mineral filler
showed good performance for the test conducted on field after 24 hours and 6 months of application. The
results evaluated in the field for skid resistance and surface texture indicate high calcium Fly Ash can be
utilized for microsurfacing of road pavement.
Intelligent Transportation System Based Traffic Congestion Modeling for Urban...civejjour
This study attempts to make use of traffic behaviour on the aggregate level to estimate congestion on urban
arterial and sub-arterial roads of a city exhibiting heterogeneous traffic conditions by breaking the route
into independent segments and approximating the origin-destination based traffic flow behaviour of the
segments. The expected travel time in making a trip is modelled against sectional traffic characteristics
(flow and speed) at origin and destination points of road segments, and roadway and segment traffic
characteristics such as diversion routes are also tried in accounting for travel time. Predicted travel time is
then used along with free flow time to determine the state of congestion on the segments using a congestion
index (CI). A development of this kind may help in understanding traffic and congestion behaviour
practically using easily accessible inputs, limited only to the nodes, and help in improving road network
planning and management.
The Impact of Waiting Time on Pedestrian Violations at Signalized Intersectionscivejjour
The phenomenon that pedestrian violates traffic signals at intersections and crosses with danger is
universal. This study aims to find out the influence of the waiting time of pedestrians at an intersection and
the three main factors of pedestrian violations. In this study, 13 intersections and 1075 violations sample
were collected in Suzhou China, which had different maximum waiting times. The validation would use the
complementary video data. There are several factors, which have great influence on the proportion of
pedestrian violations, such as the age, sex, arrive time, red phase, conflicting traffic volume and the length
of volume crosswalks. Additionally, The significance of pedestrian maximum waiting time was highlighted
in the end. For the purpose of reducing dangerous pedestrian behaviors at signalized intersections,
minimizing waiting times is supposed to be one proper way.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIVE PATTERNS AND THEIR CARRIERS BASED ON ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
1. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
DOI:10.5121/civej.2020.7201 1
RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN ARCHITECTURAL DECORATIVE
PATTERNS AND THEIR CARRIERS BASED ON
ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Li Li 1, 2
and Shao Long1
1
School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology; Key Laboratory of Cold
Region Urban and Rural Human Settlement Environment Science and Technology,
Ministry of Industry and Information Technoiogy, China
2
School of Architecture, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, China
ABSTRACT
Architectural decoration is not only a constituent part of architectural style, but also a connotation
expression of the diversity of architectural culture. There is a multi-level relevance between the subject
matter, modeling and implication of architectural decoration pattern and architectural type, space and
units. The related research is an important supplement to the systematic research of traditional
architecture. In view of this, on the basis of detailed investigation and surveying of the research
specimens, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied in this study to divide hierarchy of the decorative
patterns and the architectural identity, compares the weights of the relevance between the hierarchies,
clarifies the complex relationship between the decorative patterns and architecture, and studies the
architectural form and its cultural connotation from the architectural decoration.
KEY WORDS
Carrier of architecture, Decorative pattern, Relevance, AHP
1. INTRODUCTION
Architectural decoration is not only an constituent part of architectural form and style, but also
an expression medium of architectural culture and regional characteristics. It is an important
content of systematic research on traditional architecture and its culture. Nowadays, substantial
amount of traditional architectural decorations are going through rapid destruction and
disappearance due to dereliction and weathering erosion. After renovating, the architectural
decoration forms are also deviating from the historical original to varying degrees. The current
situation does not warrant optimism.
The academic circles have carried out corresponding researches on the field of architectural
decoration and decorative patterns: (1) the researches of the classification and composition, as
well as approaches of decorative patterns in the field of design science [1] [2]. (2) In the field of
architecture, most of the discussions of decorative patterns could be found in the historical data
research, but more of them remain confined in the introductory level, the deeper overall
researches are scarce. Furthermore, there are researches on the aesthetic form of decorative
patterns, guided by pattern theories and composition theories [8] [9]. However, there is no
systematic coverage to the study of the correlation between decorative patterns and carriers. The
2. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
2
styles of decorative patterns not only have their own morphological systems, but also show
specific styles in different carriers, which not only enrich the pattern form systems, but also play
important roles in the performance of the carrier forms.
Through long-term research process, it is found that architectural decorative patterns are
characterized by rich architectural carrier types, numerous decorative patterns in carriers,
miscellaneous detailed decorative patterns and various influencing factors, which are also
common problems encountered in the research process of architectural decorative patterns. With
“the research characteristics of specific solutions to specific problems”, the analytic hierarchy
process (AHP) satisfies the research needs of a large number of individual analyses in the study
of architectural decorative patterns. Introducing AHP for analyzing architectural decorative
patterns from a comprehensive and subtle perspective, can fully reflect the logical relationship
between architectural carriers and architectural decorative patterns.
In view of this, the analysis method of AHP is adopted in this research to classify, split and
compare the decorative patterns and building carriers, so as to analyze the multi-level
relationship between the decorative patterns and the carriers in detail.
2. ARCHITECTURAL DECORATION PATTERNS AND CARRIERS
Definition of pattern by Mr. Lei Guiyuan is: “Pattern is a way of conscious creation
performance based on a certain idea to deal with the shape, color, graphics and so on, in order to
cause the aesthetic feeling of the audience” ①
. Based on Mr. Lei Guiyuan’s definition of pattern
and the morphological relationship between pattern and architecture, interpretation of the
architectural decoration pattern in this paper is: Based on the architectural form, the shape,
color, graphics and other elements are processed to form a pattern form that is consistent with
the architectural form, and at the same time, which would help to express the connotation of
architectural culture.
Through extensive field research by the research group of traditional architecture and decorative
patterns, it has been learned that: architectural decoration pattern not only covers the three basic
elements constitute patterns: shape, pattern, color②
, but also subject to the constraints of the
carrier, and there is a close relevance with the carrier. According to their form, the approaches
of different building units displaying their decorative patterns vary from each other; even the
same type of buildings display different styles of decorative patterns due to the different
construction years; the same decorative pattern on different scales of the same kind of building
units present in different forms; with different types of carriers, the form of patterns differentiate
from each other; different types of architecture adopt different patterns. These kinds of
phenomenon all reflect a rich relationship between architectural decoration patterns and
architectures. Religious architectural decoration patterns are mostly to preach doctrine as the
main idea; Residential architectural decoration patterns are mostly reflecting the people’s
aspirations of the construction age; official architectural decoration patterns reflect the supreme
right of those in power.
3. ANALYSIS METHOD
3.1. Analytic Hierarchy Process
The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) originated from T. L. Saaty, a famous American
operations researcher and professor of the University of Pittsburgh. In the 17th century, with the
emergence of enormous data, it became a problem that factors cannot be expressed
3. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
3
quantitatively, which brought great inconvenience to decision-makers. analytic hierarchy
process was meant to solve this problem. In China, AHP has extensive; it has been widely used
in economy, policy making, management, project planning, engineering and other fields.
Analytic hierarchy process has the characteristics of strong practicability, flexibility and
operability, which can simplify the complex and large amount of complex problems. ③
In the
study of the relevance between architectural decoration patterns and architectural carriers, the
biggest challenge is the large amount of data, the miscellaneous types of architectural decoration
patterns, and the various types of traditional building units, which increase the difficulty of the
research on their relevance. By using the analytic hierarchy process, through the split and
quantitative analysis of the “targeted factors”, the research goals are matched one on one
correspondingly, and the relationship between the architectural carriers and the decorative
patterns reflected in the current status of architectural decoration as well as the application rules
are clarified.
3.2. Process Analysis
The application of analytic hierarchy process to analyze the research object, first of all, the
different factors of each problem are broken down into: target layer, guideline layer and scheme
layer. Through the weight comparison between the hierarchies to conduct analysis and
comparison. Using analytic hierarchy process to study the relevance between the architectural
decoration pattern and its carrier, the relevance can be set as the overall goal, the architectural
carrier unit is set as the guideline layer, the decoration pattern is set as the scheme layer, and the
weight calculation is calculated according to the upper and lower containment relationship
between the elements. The analysis process includes: 1. Establishing the scale hierarchy of the
problem; 2. Constructing one on one judgment matrix; 3. Calculating the relative weight of the
elements being compared by the judgment matrix; 4. Calculating the combined weight of the
elements of each layer; and 5. Performing the consistency test [5]
.
Through the establishing of hierarchical structure, the index evaluation of architectural unit
hierarchy and decorative pattern hierarchy is carried out, and comparison of weight for
evaluation indexes of different hierarchies is made. The weight was reflected by the scaling of
“1-4” (1: not important, 2: important, 3: very important, 4: extremly important), and the matrix
of one on one weight comparison was formed. Calculating the weight of architectural unit
hierarchy and decorative pattern hierarchy index (Wi), as well as the factor quantity order (n) of
architectural unit hierarchy and decorative pattern hierarchy, and judge the maximum eigen
value of matrix X. The calculation formula is as the following (1):
𝜔𝑖 = (∏ 𝑋𝑖𝑗
𝑚
𝑗=1
)1/𝑛
/ ∑(∏ 𝑋𝑖𝑗
𝑛
𝑗=1
)1/𝑛
𝑛
𝑖=1
𝜆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ∑(Xω)𝑖/𝑛
𝑛
𝑖=0
𝜔𝑖
(1)
Through geometric averaging and normalization processing of the characteristic vectors of each
row of the judgment matrix, to obtain the weight vector w corresponding to the architectural
unit element and the decorative pattern element:
ω=(ω1,ω2,ω3,ω4,…ωn)
Compare the results for consistency to obtain the consistency index CI. Use the consistency
index and the random consistency index RI to calculate the consistency ratio CR. The formula is
(2):
4. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
4
CI = (𝜆 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − n)/(n − 1)
CR = CI/RI (2)
When consistency test result CR is smaller than 0.1, it passes the consistency test. In addition,
when the values of n in the formula are equal to 1, 2, 3… 9, the random consistency index
values are 0, 0.52, 0.89, 1.12, 1.24, 1.32, 1.44 and 1.45respectively.
When the calculation results pass the consistency test, it is proved that the weight values of the
above-mentioned indexes at all levels are established, and the factors with high weight values
are of higher importance to the research subject. On the contrary, the importance is low. In this
approach, the relevance and degree of relevance between the architecture carriers and the
decorative patterns are obtained.
4. APPLICATION OF RELEVANCE RESEARCH BASED ON ANALYTIC
HIERARCHY PROCESS: A CASE STUDY OF THE LONGSHENG ZHUANG
RESIDENTIAL AREA
4.1. Overview of Longsheng Zhuang
Longsheng Zhuang is located in Fengzhen City, southeast of Ulaanchab City, Inner Mongolia,
China. It is one of the earliest market towns in Ulaanchab area. In the year Qianlong 12 (AD
1747), the recruited landless farmers from Shanxi, Hebei and Shaanxi were settled here [12],
[13]
.Longsheng Zhuang traditional village is a rare traditional village in existence with a
relatively large scale and a more complete system in Inner Mongolia. Its residential buildings
are large in number, rich in variety and with exquisite decoration (figure 1). Longsheng Zhuang
was named as the first batch of National traditional villages in 2012 and the sixth batch of
famous Chinese historical and cultural towns in 2014. The traditional residential buildings in
Longsheng Zhuang area are rich in decorative patterns and well preserved (Table 1). Taking the
traditional residential buildings in Longsheng Zhuang area as an example, AHP is adopted in
this research to study the relevance between the architectural decoration patterns and
architectural carriers of traditional residential buildings in Longsheng Zhuang district.
Table 1. Status of Longsheng village dwelling house
decoration
Buildingunit Gablefront
Lintel
Doorpanel Rooftopetc.
Status of
architectural
decoration
Fig.1The full view of Long shengzhuang
5. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
5
4.2. Analysis of the Relevance Between Architectural Decoration Patterns and
Carriers
Based on extensive on-the-spot investigations on the traditional residential buildings in
Longsheng Zhuang, combined with the decomposition of the relevant characteristics of the
decorative patterns, this research sort outs the characteristics of the relevance between the
architectural decorative patterns and the units from the aspects of the architectural units and the
architectural decorative patterns, and set it as the basis for the selection of indexes, and revises
the index system by taking into account of the opinions of the local residents and relevant
scholars to establish an relevance characteristics evaluation index system of the architectural
decoration patterns and building units in accordance with the actual situation of Longsheng
Zhuang residential complex.
The indexes in the basic characteristic evaluation index system is graded on the relevance
scaling of 1 to 4, and one on one comparison are given to determine the close degree of
relevance between the factors, and the weight of the indexes at all levels is
calculated(Table1.2).
Table 2. Primary evaluation index questionnaire for the relevance between architectural decorative
patterns and carriers in Longsheng Zhuang residential complex
Evaluation index Characterization Relevance
Gable front Most of them are located on both sides of the house with hard Gables to
support the front and back eaves
1 2 3 4
Lintel Upper part of door frame, lintel 1 2 3 4
Door panel Main decorative component of the door 1 2 3 4
Rooftop etc Roof, ableboard, etc. 1 2 3 4
Table 3. Secondary evaluation index questionnaire for the relevance between architectural
decorative patterns and carriers in Longsheng Zhuang residential complex
The target layer
Primary
index (B)
Secondary index (C)
Characterization of
Secondary index
Relevance of
secondary index to
primary index
Influence factor of
relevance between
architectural decorative
pattern and carrier in
Longsheng Zhuang
residential complex (A)
Gable front
(B1)
Geometrical pattern
(c11)
Line, circle, square,
triangle, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of plants
(c12)
Rolling grass, water lily,
lotus, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of animals
(c13)
Tigers, lions, bats, etc.
1 2 3 4
Lintel (B2)
Geometrical pattern
(c21)
Line, circle, square,
triangle, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of plants
(c22)
Rolling grass, water lily,
lotus, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of animals
(c23)
Tigers, lions, bats, etc.
1 2 3 4
Door panel
(B3)
Geometrical pattern
(c31)
Line, circle, square,
triangle, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of plants
(c32)
Rolling grass, water lily,
lotus, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of animals
(c33)
Tigers, lions, bats, etc.
1 2 3 4
Rooftop and
so on (B4)
Geometrical pattern
(c41)
Line, circle, square,
triangle, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of plants
(c42)
Rolling grass, water lily,
lotus, etc.
1 2 3 4
Pattern of animals
(c43)
Tigers, lions, bats, etc.
1 2 3 4
6. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
6
According to the actual condition of the residential complex in Longsheng Zhuang, 4 primary
indexes and 12 secondary indexes (with 3 as a group) were obtained. After all levels of indexes
are weighted for statistics, the evaluation table is obtained, and the consistency test is
performed(Table4.5).
According to the above weight calculation value (WI), it can be seen that: among the traditional
residential buildings in Longsheng Zhuang area, the most common decorative pattern types on
gable fronts (B1) are plant patterns (C12), the most common decorative pattern types on lintels
(B2) are plant patterns (C22), the most common decorative patterns on door panel (B3) are
geometric patterns (C31), and the most common decorative patterns on rooftops and other
structures (B4) are animal patterns (C43). The data obtained by using the analytic hierarchy
process are highly agree with the actual situation on the spot, which also proves the decorative
characteristics that the architectural decorations of residential buildings are most commonly
found on the gable fronts, rooftops as well as doors and windows components, and subject
matter of the decorative pattern is mainly plant patterns and geometric patterns. At the same
time, the feasibility of AHP in this field is verified by result analysis of the case study.
Table 4. Scoring table of the primary index data
Primary
indexes
Data values
B1 B2 B3 B4 Wi
B1 1 3.2451 2.4525 3.9653 0.493186137
B2 0.3081 1 0.7634 1.896 0.170048644
B3 0.4077 1.3099 1 3.6477 0.245836893
B4 0.2521 0.5274 0.2741 1 0.090928327
λmax 4.06308512
CR 0.023627386
Table 5. Scoring table of secondary index data
Prim
ary
inde
xes
Seco
ndary
index
es
Data values Pri
mar
y
inde
xes
Seco
ndar
y
inde
xes
Data values
C11 C12 C13 Wi C21 C22 C23 Wi
B1 C11 1 0.645
3
3.355
1
0.385
5
B2 C21 1 1.2546 2.0546 0.4355
C12 1.549
6
1 3.431
4
0.452
6
C22 0.797
0
1 0.7541 0.2797
C13 0.298
0
0.291
4
1 0.161
8
C23 0.486
7
1.3260 1 0.2847
λmax 3.079254602 3.068284404
CR 0.076206348 0.065658081
C31 C32 C33 Wi C41 C42 C43 Wi
B3 C31 1 2.756
2
2.467
3
0.543
3
B4 C41 1 0.4187 0.3762 0.1761
C32 0.361
6
1 2.014
6
0.264
7
C42 2.388
3
1 0.7891 0.3820
C33 0.405
3
0.496
3
1 0.191
8
C43 2.658
1
1 0.4417
λmax 3.084537638 3.007002253
CR 0.081286191 0.006732935
7. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
7
In addition, by analyzing the comparison data of the weights of all layers of the building units
and the decorative patterns, we can obtain that: 1. The frequency of using the same decorative
pattern in different units of the same building; 2. The frequency of using the same decorative
pattern in the same unit of different buildings; 3. The expression of the same pattern element in
different architectural decorative pattern forms and the hierarchical relationship with the
architectural carriers (Table 6). Take gable fronts as the example: According to the research
data, it can be found that the most commonly used decorative patterns of gable fronts in
Longsheng Zhuang houses are plant patterns (with a weight ratio of 0.4526), followed by
geometric patterns (with a weight ratio of 0.3855), and that of the lowest frequency are animal
patterns (with a weight ratio of merely 0.1618), which reflects the influence of architecture
types and units on the use of decorative patterns. Due to the limitation of the class, the
decorative patterns of the residential buildings are mainly plants (Figure 2), and even if the
decorative elements are the same in the decoration of gable fronts, the decorative styles and
expressions of hierarchy relationship of different residential houses are different. Through the
analysis of the relevance between the decoration pattern and architecture of the traditional
residential buildings in Longsheng Zhuang, the correspondence between the two is clarified to a
great extent, which is of practical guiding significance to the renovation and maintenance in a
later stage for the Longsheng Zhuang architectural complex.
Fig. 2 The form of plant patterns in Gable fronts
5. CONCLUSIONS
In architectural integrity studies, the research of architectural decoration patterns can enrich the
research content from the subtle point of view. By analyzing the relevance between architectural
decoration patterns and architectural carriers, we can clarify the application characteristics of
decoration patterns in different architectural types and units. In this research, AHP is adopted to
obtain the ratio relationship of relevance between decorative patterns and architectural carriers
through the analysis process of deconstruction of the hierarchies, construction of matrix and
comparison of weight. Taking the decorations of traditional residential buildings in Longsheng
Zhuang area as an example, in this research, the relevance between the architectural decoration
patterns and the carriers of traditional residential buildings is specifically analyzed. The analysis
results revealed that the research results of the relevance between the architectural decoration
patterns and carriers by applying AHP are consistent with the existing situation, which
demonstrates that this method is suitable for this kind of research. The introduction of analytic
hierarchy process will provide new ideas and approaches for the research of decorative pattern
Table 6. Relationship between decorative pattern
and architecture
Application of sunflower decoration in different units in the
same architecture
Wall surface Gable front Details of Sunflower
decoration
Application of the same unit decoration in different
architectures
Overall view Detail view
8. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
8
field, which would have important reference values for the follow-up research of decorative
patterns in other types of carriers. The specific numerical results of the study would also provide
scientific data and theoretical basis for subsequent decoration development of different types of
architecture.
The Figures and Tables in the Research are all Self-Photographed and
Self-Drawn by the Author.
Annotation:
1 Lei Kuiyuan: New patterns [M]. Shanghai: National Compilation and Translation House, January
1949. Page 13.
2 Lei Kuiyuan: New patterns [M]. Shanghai: National Compilation and Translation House, January
1949. Page 13.
3 Xu Shubo: A Practical Decision-making Method: Analytic Hierarchy Process [M], Tianjin: Tianjin
University Press, May 1988. Page 1
REFERENCES
[1] Liu Jing, Zhu Ying. Study on the Decoration Art of Bai Lu Gu Cun Buildings [J]. Popular Literature
and Art, 2015 (21): 60-61
[2] Zhang Ruirui. Creation and Design of Decorative Pattern [M]. Wuhan University of Technology
Press, 2005
[3] Zhong Shanyan. A Preliminary Study on the Artistic Characteristics of Decorations of Traditional
Residential Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River Area-- Taking Suzhou, Wuxi and
Changzhou Residential Buildings as Examples [J]. Journal of Hubei Institute of Adult Education,
2014, 20 (2).
[4] Pan Guxi. History of Chinese Architecture [M]. Beijing: China Construction Industry Press, 2005[5]
Cai Qiang, Shi Tiemao. Architectural Decoration Pattern [M]. Liaoning Science and Technology
Press, 1992
[6] Bai Wenming. Atlas of Chinese Ancient Architectural Decoration Art [M]. China Construction
Industry Press, 2008
[7] Dai Zhijian. Interpretation of traditional architectural decoration [M]. Fujian science and
Technology Press, 2011
[8] Lei Kuiyuan: New patterns [M]. Shanghai: National Compilation and Translation House, January
1949.
[9] Zhu Li, Guo Hong. Introduction to Decorative Patterns [M]. Tianjin University Press, 2010 [10] Xu
Shubo: A Practical Decision-making Method: Analytic Hierarchy Process [M], Tianjin: Tianjin
University Press, May 1988. Page 1
[11] Zhou Chao, Zhao Yulong, Wang Xiaochun. Research on the characteristics of Yangzhou Garden
Style Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process [J]. Journal of Yangzhou University (Agriculture and
Life Sciences Edition), 2018, 39 (04): 115-121
[12] Liang Jizu. Legendaries of Longsheng Zhuang [M]. Edited by the Research Institute of Culture and
History of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 1986
9. Civil Engineering and Urban Planning: An International Journal (CiVEJ ) Vol.7, No.1/2, June 2020
9
[13] Compilation Committee of Fengzhen City. Chronicles of Fengzhen City [Z]. Hohhot: Inner
Mongolia Culture Press, 2005
[14] Zheng Wei. Characteristic Analysis and Excerption of Decoration and Carving Patterns of Qiaojia
Courtyard Buildings [J]. Decoration, 2015 (2): 114 - 117
Funded Projects: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Item Number: 51808299)
AUTHORS
LILI, 1980, Doctor, School of Architecture, Harbin Institute, Research direction:
cultural lands cap.