Research reports are collected from the field through data collection. There are two kinds of data primary and secondary data. The data are collected using tools such as interview,observation questionaires and the data is analysed into reports
This document provides an introduction to business research. It defines business research as a systematic effort to investigate and solve problems in a work setting. The document outlines some commonly researched areas in business such as employee behavior, attitudes, and performance. It also distinguishes between applied research, which is used to solve current organizational problems, and basic research, which contributes to overall knowledge. Managers benefit from understanding research methods as it helps them identify and solve problems, assess research quality, make informed decisions, and work with consultants more effectively. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using internal versus external consultants for research projects. Finally, it states that research knowledge facilitates managerial effectiveness and introduces the topic of ethics in business research.
A business report evaluates or assesses an issue, circumstance, or financial operations relating to a business's performance. It identifies the key issue, explores the issue, and lists findings and recommendations. A business report is written in an abbreviated style for quick navigation. It uses headings, sub-headings, and other visual elements like tables and diagrams. The main parts of a business report are an executive summary, body, key findings/recommendations section, and conclusion. The executive summary briefly states the purpose and methodology and lists key points. The body describes the evaluation process and findings. The key findings/recommendations section identifies and discusses the main findings and proposed solutions. The conclusion summarizes how the findings relate back to the original issue.
This document provides guidance on writing a research report. It discusses preparing by identifying the purpose and audience. Information is collected from reading and research methods like surveys. The information is organized logically. A detailed plan is made with headings and sections. A first draft is written and then redrafted and edited to check the flow of ideas and remove unnecessary information. The report is written in a formal academic style. Sections typically include an introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. Headings and organization help communicate the main ideas and details in a logical order.
This document provides an overview of key topics from Chapter 1 of a research methods textbook. It discusses the definition of research, the types of research including applied and basic research, the importance of research for managers, and the relationship between managers and consultants. It also addresses ethics and the importance of ethical conduct in business research.
This document provides an overview of key topics from Chapter 1 of a research methods textbook. It discusses the definition of research, the differences between applied and basic research, why managers should understand research, and examples of research problems in different business areas such as marketing, accounting, and finance. It also summarizes the importance of ethics in business research and the advantages and disadvantages of using internal or external consultants for research projects.
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It defines research as a systematic process of investigating problems to find solutions. Business research specifically aims to solve issues in areas like accounting, finance, and management. There are two main types: applied research solves current organizational problems, while basic research generates generalizable knowledge. Managers benefit from understanding research as it helps them identify and address problems effectively. The document also discusses internal vs. external researchers and the importance of ethics in business research.
The document discusses business research methods and the research process. It defines business research as a systematic, organized effort to investigate and solve specific problems in the workplace. There are two main types of business research: applied research aims to solve current organizational problems, while basic research contributes to general knowledge.
The research process involves identifying a broad problem area, gathering preliminary information through interviews and literature reviews to define a specific problem statement. This involves collecting unstructured and structured data from primary and secondary sources to understand the real issues underlying the initial symptoms.
This document provides an introduction to business research. It defines business research as a systematic effort to investigate and solve problems in a work setting. The document outlines some commonly researched areas in business such as employee behavior, attitudes, and performance. It also distinguishes between applied research, which is used to solve current organizational problems, and basic research, which contributes to overall knowledge. Managers benefit from understanding research methods as it helps them identify and solve problems, assess research quality, make informed decisions, and work with consultants more effectively. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using internal versus external consultants for research projects. Finally, it states that research knowledge facilitates managerial effectiveness and introduces the topic of ethics in business research.
A business report evaluates or assesses an issue, circumstance, or financial operations relating to a business's performance. It identifies the key issue, explores the issue, and lists findings and recommendations. A business report is written in an abbreviated style for quick navigation. It uses headings, sub-headings, and other visual elements like tables and diagrams. The main parts of a business report are an executive summary, body, key findings/recommendations section, and conclusion. The executive summary briefly states the purpose and methodology and lists key points. The body describes the evaluation process and findings. The key findings/recommendations section identifies and discusses the main findings and proposed solutions. The conclusion summarizes how the findings relate back to the original issue.
This document provides guidance on writing a research report. It discusses preparing by identifying the purpose and audience. Information is collected from reading and research methods like surveys. The information is organized logically. A detailed plan is made with headings and sections. A first draft is written and then redrafted and edited to check the flow of ideas and remove unnecessary information. The report is written in a formal academic style. Sections typically include an introduction, methodology, results, discussion, conclusion, and references. Headings and organization help communicate the main ideas and details in a logical order.
This document provides an overview of key topics from Chapter 1 of a research methods textbook. It discusses the definition of research, the types of research including applied and basic research, the importance of research for managers, and the relationship between managers and consultants. It also addresses ethics and the importance of ethical conduct in business research.
This document provides an overview of key topics from Chapter 1 of a research methods textbook. It discusses the definition of research, the differences between applied and basic research, why managers should understand research, and examples of research problems in different business areas such as marketing, accounting, and finance. It also summarizes the importance of ethics in business research and the advantages and disadvantages of using internal or external consultants for research projects.
This document provides an introduction to research methods. It defines research as a systematic process of investigating problems to find solutions. Business research specifically aims to solve issues in areas like accounting, finance, and management. There are two main types: applied research solves current organizational problems, while basic research generates generalizable knowledge. Managers benefit from understanding research as it helps them identify and address problems effectively. The document also discusses internal vs. external researchers and the importance of ethics in business research.
The document discusses business research methods and the research process. It defines business research as a systematic, organized effort to investigate and solve specific problems in the workplace. There are two main types of business research: applied research aims to solve current organizational problems, while basic research contributes to general knowledge.
The research process involves identifying a broad problem area, gathering preliminary information through interviews and literature reviews to define a specific problem statement. This involves collecting unstructured and structured data from primary and secondary sources to understand the real issues underlying the initial symptoms.
THE BENEFITS OF A TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS IN AN ORGANIZATION AT THE WORKPL...Abraham Ncunge
Training needs assessment identifies needs of the organization that needs to be filled through training.The human resource department is entrusted with the role of training needs assessment.They carry out appraisals and if they identify gaps then organize for training
The document provides instruction on writing business reports. It discusses the process of business reports including defining the problem, gathering information, analyzing data, and determining solutions. It outlines the typical parts of a business report such as the executive summary, introduction, body, conclusion, and recommendations. The document also provides guidance on structuring the report, formatting prefactory pages, and describing specific elements like the title, letter of transmittal, and table of illustrations.
This market research report summarizes findings from a study aimed at understanding key questions about the target market, competitive advantages, and effectiveness of marketing campaigns. The report includes an executive summary of key findings, description of research objectives and methodology used, detailed results of the study, and action-oriented recommendations. Research methods included surveys, focus groups, and stakeholder interviews. The implications of the results provide opportunities and risks for the organization. The recommendations propose a three-step action plan and appendix includes all research tools used in the study.
This document provides guidance on writing short reports. It defines a report as a way to keep records of successes and failures, inform others of developments, and help with research. Short reports are a formal presentation of facts on one page. The key sections of a short report are identified as the title page, abstract/summary, introduction, background, discussion, conclusion, and recommendations. The document outlines the purpose and content that should be included in each section to clearly communicate the purpose, findings, and suggested actions of the short report.
BRM_Data Analysis, Interpretation and Reporting Part III.pptAbdifatahAhmedHurre
This document provides information on data analysis, interpretation and reporting for business research methods. It discusses various topics related to writing research reports including data management software, hypothesis testing, descriptive and inferential analysis, interpretation, and scientific writing. It describes the key components of a technical research report such as the introduction, literature review, methods, findings and discussions. It also discusses different types of research reports, the writing process, and common problems to avoid when preparing reports such as being too long or short, unclear problem definition, and not properly citing literature.
CH 9 Summarizing at Work 12th edition.pptxVATHVARY
Identify what a good summary is;
Compare executive summary and evaluative summary;
Examine abstract and its two types including informative abstract and descriptive abstract
Discuss the news release.
This document outlines the structure and key components of a business research paper. It discusses the typical chapters, which include an introduction discussing the problem background, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, hypotheses, and significance. It also describes the literature review chapter, methodology chapter covering research design and methods, results chapter, and conclusion chapter summarizing findings and recommendations. The learning outcomes focus on determining the appropriate research structure, developing hypotheses, and understanding how to integrate theoretical frameworks. Group activities are also mentioned to help students identify suitable research topics and criteria for a good business research project.
The document provides an overview of the importance and benefits of reports for organizations. It discusses how reports serve as a means of communication, help manage information, support decision making, enable performance evaluation, promote accountability and transparency, assist with planning and forecasting, and ensure compliance. Reports are described as an important documentation tool. Different types of reports like oral, written, periodic, special, analytical, and informal reports are also defined based on their unique characteristics and purposes. Key components of a typical report like the title page, executive summary, introduction, methodology, findings, discussion, recommendations, and conclusion are outlined. The formatting and structure of reports can vary depending on guidelines but these sections generally capture the essential information.
2. lecture 2 formulation of a research problemCông Nguyễn
This document discusses how to properly formulate a research problem. It explains that a research problem identifies a difficulty or issue within a theoretical or practical context that a researcher aims to solve. Identifying a clear problem is important for determining the appropriate research strategy. The document provides guidance on finding a research problem, formulating the problem, developing research objectives and questions, determining the scope, and stating assumptions. It emphasizes that a good research problem is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. The structure of introducing a research problem in Chapter 1 of a research study is also outlined.
This document provides an introduction to business research. It defines business research and discusses why it is important for managers to understand research methods. The document outlines the scientific research process, including developing a theoretical framework and hypotheses. It also discusses key aspects of research such as variables, data collection and analysis. Business research aims to systematically study problems encountered in organizations to find solutions. Understanding research methods helps managers identify and solve problems, make informed decisions, and work effectively with consultants and researchers.
The document discusses the process of preparing and presenting marketing research reports. It provides guidelines for the structure and contents of written reports, including an executive summary, problem definition, research design, findings, conclusions, and recommendations. It emphasizes that the report is the main product delivered to the client and must be well-written and effectively presented both orally and in writing. The report serves to communicate the research results to decision-makers and influence their actions based on the findings and recommendations.
MBA Project Report as per Osmania UniversityHammaduddin
The document provides guidelines for students at Osmania University for preparing and presenting their project reports for the Master of Business Administration program. It outlines that the project allows students to independently research and analyze a business problem. It recommends regularly meeting with supervisors and providing drafts. The guidelines specify the project should investigate an applied business issue through critical examination and analysis. It provides direction on choosing a topic, organizing the report, and formatting requirements.
1) The document discusses business research methods, providing definitions and discussing the importance of research for managers. It describes the scientific research process and developing a theoretical framework.
2) A theoretical framework establishes the relationships between variables related to the research problem. It provides a foundation for developing testable hypotheses about how the variables are related.
3) Hypotheses are conjectured statements about the relationships between two or more variables. They are developed based on the theoretical framework and can be tested by collecting and analyzing data to determine if the hypothesized relationships are supported.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
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Report Writing in majority of business fields.pptxJamakala Obaiah
The document discusses the different types of reports, including business reports. It provides details on 10 common types of business reports: formal reports, informal reports, informative reports, interpretative reports, problem-solving reports, verbatim reports, summarized reports, fact-finding reports, performance reports, and technical reports. Each type is defined and described in 1-2 sentences. The document also discusses standing committee reports, ad-hoc committee reports, minority reports, majority reports, and annual reports.
This document outlines the expected structure and content for an internship report on De-la Annapurna Hospitality Services. It provides templates for 6 chapters that will make up the report:
1) Introduction to set the context and objectives of the internship and report.
2) Profile of the organization to describe its history, departments, resources, structure and services.
3) Methodology explaining the author's work approach, supervision, tools used and schedule.
4) Diagnosis of the organization involving situational, strategic and functional analyses to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
5) Summary, conclusions and recommendations to recap key learnings and findings and provide suggestions.
The document provides guidance for a student's second assignment on preparing a report analyzing an issue or event affecting an organization using two management functions from the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (POLC) framework. It outlines the report structure and sections, including an executive summary, introduction, discussion analyzing relevant theories from the two chosen POLC functions, conclusion, recommendations, citations, and references. It also gives overviews and examples of the four POLC functions and related concepts like motivation, organizational design, and control.
This document outlines the 10 steps to writing a report:
1. Decide the terms of reference by understanding the purpose and scope of the report.
2. Plan the procedure by determining what information and research is needed.
3. Find the necessary information through methods like reading, observation, and interviews.
4. Choose an appropriate structure like sections for introduction, findings, and conclusions.
5. Draft the initial sections on terms of reference, procedure, and findings.
A report is a formal document written for various purposes in sciences, social sciences, engineering, and business. There are three main types of reports: analytical reports which analyze a situation and provide conclusions and recommendations; informative reports which provide details without analysis; and persuasive reports which aim to sell an idea or product. Reports can also be categorized as short reports which are concise and to the point, or long reports which provide more extensive analysis. Common types of short reports include progress reports, field study reports, accident/incident reports, and laboratory reports. Short reports should include the purpose, findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
ReportsFor many of your assignments, you will be asked to wr.docxsodhi3
Reports
For many of your assignments, you will be asked to write a report. However,
it is important to understand that the structure of a report depends on its
purpose. Therefore, any general advice about report writing needs to be
balanced with the specific requirements of your assignment, as presented in
the course outline, and any instructions given by your lecturer.
A sample report has been included in the Appendices.
The Purpose of a Report
The most common purpose of a report is to provide comprehensive
information and analysis about a situation. Quite often – but not always – you
will be asked to provide recommendations based on that analysis. In a real
world context, this information and analysis would provide management with a
foundation to making decisions, planning future strategies, evaluating current
strategies, or measuring the progress of existing plans. In writing for your
lecturer, keep this approach in mind.
The Difference between a Report and an Essay
There are some identifiable differences between a report and an essay, which
can give you a general idea about what a report should look like. The
differences are summarized in this table:
Report Essay
Purpose Presents information and analysis
about a problem, and often suggests
a solution.
Argues a position in
response to an issue or a
proposition, drawing
conclusions about it.
Structure &
Format
Has Preliminary pages, including an
executive summary & table of
contents (see below);
Has Clearly divided sections with
numbered headings (and often sub-
headings); cohesion (“flow”) of ideas
is often achieved by the logic of these
headings;
Brief paragraphs and dot points are
acceptable so the reader of a report
can extract information quickly;
Tables and figures are often included
as a way of showing information
quickly and easily;
Often makes recommendations
Has Introduction, body and
conclusion; sometimes you
may be asked to provide
headings for these;
Cohesion is achieved by the
flow between paragraphs,
and strong paragraph
structure;
Dot points are not
appropriate because an
essay aims to provide a
more reflective reading
experience.
Essay discussions may
sometimes include a table or
figure, but not usually.
Page 50
General Report Structure
The structure of a report is generally divided into sections.
Preliminary Pages
Check with your lecturer about whether
all of these items are necessary for your
assignment.
The convention is to use small case
Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv) for page
numbering in this section.
Letter of Transmittal (if required)
Assignment cover sheet
Executive summary (or abstract)
A contents page
A list of tables (if relevant)
A list of figures (if relevant)
Main Text
Use decimal outlining for numbering
sections in the main text.
Number the pages of your assignment
using Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3…)
Introduction
Body sections
Conclusion
Recommendations (usually, but no ...
INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT.pptAbraham Ncunge
– Definitions
II - History
III – Project Management’s Purpose
IV – Project Types
A project is an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
A project is a temporary organization that is created for a purpose of delivering one or more business products according to an agreed business case.
A project is a time and cost constrained operation to realize a set of defined deliverables (the scope to fulfill project’s objectives) up to quality standards and requirements
Clear goals (e.g. new product or solution to a problem)
Fixed schedule, settled START and END date
Own resources, fixed budget
Works according to the settled project plan
Own project organization
Divided in sequences which are dependent on each other
Might be wide and complex, consisting of several sub-projects
Unique
Learning process
Includes risks and uncertainty
Project is
Once-off activity, organized process making input and output to achieve the certain goal(s).
”Project has series of complex and interdependency sequences, which have a common goal or aim. Project should be implemented in a certain time period, by a certain budget and should follow the project specifications. “
”Project is a temporary organization, which will be collapsed when the goal has been achieved”.
Academic research history of project management is young. In real life, a human being has implemented project thousands of years. The starting point in human history has been construction field and still today we have many of them
•pyramids
•monuments
•Roman aqueducts and canalization systems
•castles
It is not surprising that project has quite often symbolic, political or even religious importProject management enables to organize resources so that the project can be implemented according to the project plan.
Quality
Schedule
Budget
Resources; money, staff, materials, machinery and
equipment, premises, energy
ance
‘Stress is a condition or a feeling experienced when a person believes s/he doesn’t have the capacity to cope with the demands being placed upon them in a certain situation.
Stress is a normal part of life that can either help us learn and grow or can cause us significant problems.
If we don't take action, the stress response can create or worsen health problems.
Prolonged, uninterrupted, unexpected, and unmanageable stresses are the most damaging types of stress.
Is stress inevitable?stress is not always an inevitable consequence of an event, as it depends a lot on a person’s perceptions of a situation and their ability to cope with it
Although stress is usually viewed as a negative experience, it can actually create both positive and negative feelings
From a biological point of view, stress can be a neutral, negative, or positive experience.
stress is related to both external and internal factors.
TYPES OF STRESS
Stress management can be complicated and confusing because there are different types of stress i.e. acute stress, episodic acute stress, and chronic stress ; each with its own characteristics, symptoms, duration, and treatment approaches.
Acute Stress:
Acute stress is the most common form of stress. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. Acute stress is thrilling and exciting in small doses, but too much is exhausting.
Common symptoms of acute stress:
Emotional distress of some combination of anger or irritability, anxiety, and depression, the three stress emotions;
muscular problems including tension headache, back pain, jaw pain, and the muscular tensions that lead to pulled muscles and tendon and ligament problems
stomach, gut and bowel problems such as heartburn, acid stomach, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome;
transient over arousal leads to elevation in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, sweaty palms, heart palpitations, dizziness, migraine headaches, cold hands or feet, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Note: Acute stress can crop up in anyone's life, and it is highly treatable and manageable.
Episodic Acute Stress:
The symptoms of episodic acute stress are the symptoms of extended over arousal: persistent tension headaches, migraines, hypertension, chest pain, and heart disease. Treating episodic acute stress requires intervention on a number of levels, generally requiring professional help, which may take many months.
Chronic Stress:
While acute stress can be thrilling and exciting, chronic stress is not. This is the grinding stress that wears people away day after day, year after year. Chronic stress destroys bodies, minds and lives. It wreaks havoc through long-term attrition.
EXTERNAL FACTORS
Physical environment including:
your job,
your relationships with others,
your home, and
All the situations including:
challenges,
difficulties, and
expectations you're confronted with on a daily basis.
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This document provides information on data analysis, interpretation and reporting for business research methods. It discusses various topics related to writing research reports including data management software, hypothesis testing, descriptive and inferential analysis, interpretation, and scientific writing. It describes the key components of a technical research report such as the introduction, literature review, methods, findings and discussions. It also discusses different types of research reports, the writing process, and common problems to avoid when preparing reports such as being too long or short, unclear problem definition, and not properly citing literature.
CH 9 Summarizing at Work 12th edition.pptxVATHVARY
Identify what a good summary is;
Compare executive summary and evaluative summary;
Examine abstract and its two types including informative abstract and descriptive abstract
Discuss the news release.
This document outlines the structure and key components of a business research paper. It discusses the typical chapters, which include an introduction discussing the problem background, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, hypotheses, and significance. It also describes the literature review chapter, methodology chapter covering research design and methods, results chapter, and conclusion chapter summarizing findings and recommendations. The learning outcomes focus on determining the appropriate research structure, developing hypotheses, and understanding how to integrate theoretical frameworks. Group activities are also mentioned to help students identify suitable research topics and criteria for a good business research project.
The document provides an overview of the importance and benefits of reports for organizations. It discusses how reports serve as a means of communication, help manage information, support decision making, enable performance evaluation, promote accountability and transparency, assist with planning and forecasting, and ensure compliance. Reports are described as an important documentation tool. Different types of reports like oral, written, periodic, special, analytical, and informal reports are also defined based on their unique characteristics and purposes. Key components of a typical report like the title page, executive summary, introduction, methodology, findings, discussion, recommendations, and conclusion are outlined. The formatting and structure of reports can vary depending on guidelines but these sections generally capture the essential information.
2. lecture 2 formulation of a research problemCông Nguyễn
This document discusses how to properly formulate a research problem. It explains that a research problem identifies a difficulty or issue within a theoretical or practical context that a researcher aims to solve. Identifying a clear problem is important for determining the appropriate research strategy. The document provides guidance on finding a research problem, formulating the problem, developing research objectives and questions, determining the scope, and stating assumptions. It emphasizes that a good research problem is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. The structure of introducing a research problem in Chapter 1 of a research study is also outlined.
This document provides an introduction to business research. It defines business research and discusses why it is important for managers to understand research methods. The document outlines the scientific research process, including developing a theoretical framework and hypotheses. It also discusses key aspects of research such as variables, data collection and analysis. Business research aims to systematically study problems encountered in organizations to find solutions. Understanding research methods helps managers identify and solve problems, make informed decisions, and work effectively with consultants and researchers.
The document discusses the process of preparing and presenting marketing research reports. It provides guidelines for the structure and contents of written reports, including an executive summary, problem definition, research design, findings, conclusions, and recommendations. It emphasizes that the report is the main product delivered to the client and must be well-written and effectively presented both orally and in writing. The report serves to communicate the research results to decision-makers and influence their actions based on the findings and recommendations.
MBA Project Report as per Osmania UniversityHammaduddin
The document provides guidelines for students at Osmania University for preparing and presenting their project reports for the Master of Business Administration program. It outlines that the project allows students to independently research and analyze a business problem. It recommends regularly meeting with supervisors and providing drafts. The guidelines specify the project should investigate an applied business issue through critical examination and analysis. It provides direction on choosing a topic, organizing the report, and formatting requirements.
1) The document discusses business research methods, providing definitions and discussing the importance of research for managers. It describes the scientific research process and developing a theoretical framework.
2) A theoretical framework establishes the relationships between variables related to the research problem. It provides a foundation for developing testable hypotheses about how the variables are related.
3) Hypotheses are conjectured statements about the relationships between two or more variables. They are developed based on the theoretical framework and can be tested by collecting and analyzing data to determine if the hypothesized relationships are supported.
I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
Report Writing in majority of business fields.pptxJamakala Obaiah
The document discusses the different types of reports, including business reports. It provides details on 10 common types of business reports: formal reports, informal reports, informative reports, interpretative reports, problem-solving reports, verbatim reports, summarized reports, fact-finding reports, performance reports, and technical reports. Each type is defined and described in 1-2 sentences. The document also discusses standing committee reports, ad-hoc committee reports, minority reports, majority reports, and annual reports.
This document outlines the expected structure and content for an internship report on De-la Annapurna Hospitality Services. It provides templates for 6 chapters that will make up the report:
1) Introduction to set the context and objectives of the internship and report.
2) Profile of the organization to describe its history, departments, resources, structure and services.
3) Methodology explaining the author's work approach, supervision, tools used and schedule.
4) Diagnosis of the organization involving situational, strategic and functional analyses to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
5) Summary, conclusions and recommendations to recap key learnings and findings and provide suggestions.
The document provides guidance for a student's second assignment on preparing a report analyzing an issue or event affecting an organization using two management functions from the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (POLC) framework. It outlines the report structure and sections, including an executive summary, introduction, discussion analyzing relevant theories from the two chosen POLC functions, conclusion, recommendations, citations, and references. It also gives overviews and examples of the four POLC functions and related concepts like motivation, organizational design, and control.
This document outlines the 10 steps to writing a report:
1. Decide the terms of reference by understanding the purpose and scope of the report.
2. Plan the procedure by determining what information and research is needed.
3. Find the necessary information through methods like reading, observation, and interviews.
4. Choose an appropriate structure like sections for introduction, findings, and conclusions.
5. Draft the initial sections on terms of reference, procedure, and findings.
A report is a formal document written for various purposes in sciences, social sciences, engineering, and business. There are three main types of reports: analytical reports which analyze a situation and provide conclusions and recommendations; informative reports which provide details without analysis; and persuasive reports which aim to sell an idea or product. Reports can also be categorized as short reports which are concise and to the point, or long reports which provide more extensive analysis. Common types of short reports include progress reports, field study reports, accident/incident reports, and laboratory reports. Short reports should include the purpose, findings, conclusions, and recommendations.
ReportsFor many of your assignments, you will be asked to wr.docxsodhi3
Reports
For many of your assignments, you will be asked to write a report. However,
it is important to understand that the structure of a report depends on its
purpose. Therefore, any general advice about report writing needs to be
balanced with the specific requirements of your assignment, as presented in
the course outline, and any instructions given by your lecturer.
A sample report has been included in the Appendices.
The Purpose of a Report
The most common purpose of a report is to provide comprehensive
information and analysis about a situation. Quite often – but not always – you
will be asked to provide recommendations based on that analysis. In a real
world context, this information and analysis would provide management with a
foundation to making decisions, planning future strategies, evaluating current
strategies, or measuring the progress of existing plans. In writing for your
lecturer, keep this approach in mind.
The Difference between a Report and an Essay
There are some identifiable differences between a report and an essay, which
can give you a general idea about what a report should look like. The
differences are summarized in this table:
Report Essay
Purpose Presents information and analysis
about a problem, and often suggests
a solution.
Argues a position in
response to an issue or a
proposition, drawing
conclusions about it.
Structure &
Format
Has Preliminary pages, including an
executive summary & table of
contents (see below);
Has Clearly divided sections with
numbered headings (and often sub-
headings); cohesion (“flow”) of ideas
is often achieved by the logic of these
headings;
Brief paragraphs and dot points are
acceptable so the reader of a report
can extract information quickly;
Tables and figures are often included
as a way of showing information
quickly and easily;
Often makes recommendations
Has Introduction, body and
conclusion; sometimes you
may be asked to provide
headings for these;
Cohesion is achieved by the
flow between paragraphs,
and strong paragraph
structure;
Dot points are not
appropriate because an
essay aims to provide a
more reflective reading
experience.
Essay discussions may
sometimes include a table or
figure, but not usually.
Page 50
General Report Structure
The structure of a report is generally divided into sections.
Preliminary Pages
Check with your lecturer about whether
all of these items are necessary for your
assignment.
The convention is to use small case
Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, iv) for page
numbering in this section.
Letter of Transmittal (if required)
Assignment cover sheet
Executive summary (or abstract)
A contents page
A list of tables (if relevant)
A list of figures (if relevant)
Main Text
Use decimal outlining for numbering
sections in the main text.
Number the pages of your assignment
using Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3…)
Introduction
Body sections
Conclusion
Recommendations (usually, but no ...
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INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION TO PROJECT MANAGEMENT.pptAbraham Ncunge
– Definitions
II - History
III – Project Management’s Purpose
IV – Project Types
A project is an individual or collaborative enterprise that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim
A project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
A project is a temporary organization that is created for a purpose of delivering one or more business products according to an agreed business case.
A project is a time and cost constrained operation to realize a set of defined deliverables (the scope to fulfill project’s objectives) up to quality standards and requirements
Clear goals (e.g. new product or solution to a problem)
Fixed schedule, settled START and END date
Own resources, fixed budget
Works according to the settled project plan
Own project organization
Divided in sequences which are dependent on each other
Might be wide and complex, consisting of several sub-projects
Unique
Learning process
Includes risks and uncertainty
Project is
Once-off activity, organized process making input and output to achieve the certain goal(s).
”Project has series of complex and interdependency sequences, which have a common goal or aim. Project should be implemented in a certain time period, by a certain budget and should follow the project specifications. “
”Project is a temporary organization, which will be collapsed when the goal has been achieved”.
Academic research history of project management is young. In real life, a human being has implemented project thousands of years. The starting point in human history has been construction field and still today we have many of them
•pyramids
•monuments
•Roman aqueducts and canalization systems
•castles
It is not surprising that project has quite often symbolic, political or even religious importProject management enables to organize resources so that the project can be implemented according to the project plan.
Quality
Schedule
Budget
Resources; money, staff, materials, machinery and
equipment, premises, energy
ance
‘Stress is a condition or a feeling experienced when a person believes s/he doesn’t have the capacity to cope with the demands being placed upon them in a certain situation.
Stress is a normal part of life that can either help us learn and grow or can cause us significant problems.
If we don't take action, the stress response can create or worsen health problems.
Prolonged, uninterrupted, unexpected, and unmanageable stresses are the most damaging types of stress.
Is stress inevitable?stress is not always an inevitable consequence of an event, as it depends a lot on a person’s perceptions of a situation and their ability to cope with it
Although stress is usually viewed as a negative experience, it can actually create both positive and negative feelings
From a biological point of view, stress can be a neutral, negative, or positive experience.
stress is related to both external and internal factors.
TYPES OF STRESS
Stress management can be complicated and confusing because there are different types of stress i.e. acute stress, episodic acute stress, and chronic stress ; each with its own characteristics, symptoms, duration, and treatment approaches.
Acute Stress:
Acute stress is the most common form of stress. It comes from demands and pressures of the recent past and anticipated demands and pressures of the near future. Acute stress is thrilling and exciting in small doses, but too much is exhausting.
Common symptoms of acute stress:
Emotional distress of some combination of anger or irritability, anxiety, and depression, the three stress emotions;
muscular problems including tension headache, back pain, jaw pain, and the muscular tensions that lead to pulled muscles and tendon and ligament problems
stomach, gut and bowel problems such as heartburn, acid stomach, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome;
transient over arousal leads to elevation in blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, sweaty palms, heart palpitations, dizziness, migraine headaches, cold hands or feet, shortness of breath, and chest pain.
Note: Acute stress can crop up in anyone's life, and it is highly treatable and manageable.
Episodic Acute Stress:
The symptoms of episodic acute stress are the symptoms of extended over arousal: persistent tension headaches, migraines, hypertension, chest pain, and heart disease. Treating episodic acute stress requires intervention on a number of levels, generally requiring professional help, which may take many months.
Chronic Stress:
While acute stress can be thrilling and exciting, chronic stress is not. This is the grinding stress that wears people away day after day, year after year. Chronic stress destroys bodies, minds and lives. It wreaks havoc through long-term attrition.
EXTERNAL FACTORS
Physical environment including:
your job,
your relationships with others,
your home, and
All the situations including:
challenges,
difficulties, and
expectations you're confronted with on a daily basis.
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Project appraisal is an as"
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The other steps a technical,economical ,social ,political, environmental,financial commercial ,administrative
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Media publics
Citizen
General public
Govrnment
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Prepare for your success
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what if I save now and what if I wait abit?
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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2. RESEARCH REPORT TEMPLATE
Research reports are categorize as special or inquiry/study or special reports
A Research report is an on-off activity . it is produced when an incident occurs or
when one wants to understand or test a specific hypothesis or assumption. This
usually occurs in academic institutions or research bodies.
In management study reports, such incidences include indiscipline, loss of funds,
fraud, high staff turn-over, business losses, performance problems etc
3. Structure of Research reports
Which have an academic orientation
The title------- Captures the subject
matter and period covered.
1.0 Introduction----
1.1 Brief background information
1.2 Problem statement- states clearly
and unambiguously what the problem
is.
1.3Rationale or justification of the
study-
what is the contribution of the research?
4. 1.4 Purpose or objectives- state objectives concisely and clearly-are they achievable
and measurable? Avoid too many objectives or broad purposes
1.5 Hypothesis or Research Questions
1.6 Scope and limitations
1.7 Data processing—Using SPSS or descriptions for qualitative data
2.0 Literature review
Discuss what others have done in the past in the same area from primary or
secondary sources
5. 3.0 Study design and methodology
Discuss sampling techniques and methods used- detail sufficiently for the
consumers of the report to understand what you actually did.
4.0 Data Analysis and interpretation– group this in families
5.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
6. Inquiry Management Report
Template
The following is likely to be the structure of a management
study report:
1.O Introduction
1.1 Brief background— about the organization
1.2 The problem
1.3 The instructions(TOR)—mentioning who and scope
1.4 The Methods– sampling, sample design
7. For example if you decide to use method as a criteria for your data
presentation/organization, the body of the report (containing the findings and
conclusions)will appear like this:
2.0 Analysis of Interviews
2.0.1 Senior Managers
2.0.2 Middle level Managers
2.1 Focused Group Discussions
2.1.1 Accounting Officer
2.1.2 Support Staff
8. If you decide to use variables as your
formatting principle, then you are likely
to have something like this:
2.0 Staff morale
2.0.1 senior staff
2.0.1 middle level staff
2.1 staff training
2.1.1
9. Conclusions or discussion of findings
Group them in families the way you did
with findings. Each conclusion must
have a bearing or root in the evidence/
finding
Tell us what those facts as processed
and presented tell us
You do not need to conclude for each
finding