Research! Linked Assignments Annotated Bibliography Length: 5 citations and annotations Value: 15% Research Paper Length: 2-3 pages Value: 20% Research Infographic Assignment Length: One poster page Value 10% Annotated Bibliography Provide a working bibliography of FIVE (5) sources, with annotations indicating why you believe the work you have chosen is a suitable one for your research paper. Use the criteria from the course notes to prove that your source is appropriate. Each entry should include: 1. Full bibliographical information: author, title, publisher, date, internet address (URL) or library database. For this class we will be using APA format. 2. Two to four sentences that summarize what the article/book/video (or other item) is about. Two to four sentences that discuss the usefulness of this article to your paper. One or two sentences identifying why you determined whether this was an appropriate source. Each of the annotations should be about a paragraph, no more than half a page. You will be judged on accuracy, quality of research and critical ability. Note that all five works are expected to be judged suitable. Sample See handout Research Paper Using the Powerpoint presentation for inspiration, research a technology, idea or concept that you would like to see implemented in the field of public health, food security, public art, or climate change adaptation to address an issue or problem you have identified. Your goal is to write a short paper in which you try to convince your audience to adopt this new technology, concept or idea. This paper is based on the concept of a policy briefing, though we will be adapting the format to suit our needs. Audience: your audience should be a person or group of people who have the capacity to implement the technology, idea or concept you are proposing. For example, if you think that a great climate change adaptation idea is to build porous sidewalks and alleys as they have in Chicago and other cities, then you would address your paper to city council. If you think that Camosun College should have more public art, then you would address your paper to Camosun College Administration. So do a bit of research and discover whom to address your paper to. Tone and Terminology: Make sure that the tone you use in your writing is appropriate. In most cases, your tone should be professional and concise. Avoid jargon that your audience would not know. (And please remember that I need to understand what you are writing). Your goal is to communicate, not to confuse. Purpose: Your purpose is to persuade your reader to adopt the technology, idea or concept that you are presenting. Make sure to inform your reader what the current issue or problem is, as well as how it will be addressed by adopting the technology, idea or concept you propose. To do this, you will have to research what the current dialogue or conversation on the topic is. A strong persuasive paper will inclu ...

1. Research!
Linked Assignments
Annotated Bibliography
Length: 5 citations and annotations
Value: 15%
Research Paper
Length: 2-3 pages
Value: 20%
Research Infographic Assignment
Length: One poster page
Value 10%
Annotated Bibliography
Provide a working bibliography of FIVE (5) sources, with
annotations indicating why you believe the work you have
chosen is a suitable one for your research paper. Use the
criteria from the course notes to prove that your source is
appropriate.
Each entry should include:
1. Full bibliographical information: author, title, publisher,
date, internet address (URL) or library database. For this class
we will be using APA format.
2. Two to four sentences that summarize what the
article/book/video (or other item) is about. Two to four
sentences that discuss the usefulness of this article to your

2. paper. One or two sentences identifying why you determined
whether this was an appropriate source.
Each of the annotations should be about a paragraph, no more
than half a page. You will be judged on accuracy, quality of
research and critical ability. Note that all five works are
expected to be judged suitable.
Sample
See handout
Research Paper
Using the Powerpoint presentation for inspiration, research a
technology, idea or concept that you would like to see
implemented in the field of public health, food security, public
art, or climate change adaptation to address an issue or problem
you have identified. Your goal is to write a short paper in which
you try to convince your audience to adopt this new technology,
concept or idea. This paper is based on the concept of a policy
briefing, though we will be adapting the format to suit our
needs.
Audience: your audience should be a person or group of people
who have the capacity to implement the technology, idea or
concept you are proposing. For example, if you think that a
great climate change adaptation idea is to build porous
sidewalks and alleys as they have in Chicago and other cities,
then you would address your paper to city council. If you think
that Camosun College should have more public art, then you
would address your paper to Camosun College Administration.
So do a bit of research and discover whom to address your paper
to.
Tone and Terminology: Make sure that the tone you use in your
writing is appropriate. In most cases, your tone should be
professional and concise. Avoid jargon that your audience

3. would not know. (And please remember that I need to
understand what you are writing). Your goal is to communicate,
not to confuse.
Purpose: Your purpose is to persuade your reader to adopt the
technology, idea or concept that you are presenting. Make sure
to inform your reader what the current issue or problem is, as
well as how it will be addressed by adopting the technology,
idea or concept you propose. To do this, you will have to
research what the current dialogue or conversation on the topic
is. A strong persuasive paper will include well used evidence of
both the issues at hand and the efficacy of your solution.
Format:
Title: use the title to quickly communicate the contents of the
paper memorably
Abstract (or Executive Summary): in 3-4 sentences, summarize
the key points of your paper. This should include an overview
of the problem and the proposed solution in the form of the
technology, idea or concept you are writing about.
Context: Provide the reader with some context for why the new
technology is needed. Identify and briefly discuss the problem
or issue. Use examples to illustrate your point. This is the
“They Say” portion of your paper where you can point out
problems or issues others have identified. You can use graphs,
charts or images to make it easier for your reader to follow your
information.
Recommendation: In this section, outline what you are
proposing and why it is a good choice. How will it help to solve
the problem or issue you are discussing? Are there any possible
challenges with this choice? How can you overcome these
challenges? Has the technology, idea or concept been adopted
elsewhere? How is it being used there? How effective is it in
that context? Why will it be effective in the context you

4. propose?
Marking Criteria:
Content:
Clearly indicates what the problem is that the new technology
or idea will solve or address. In other words, the paper provides
context.
Provides a detailed overview of the technology or idea that is
being presented.
Indicates how that technology or idea will solve or address the
problem presented.
Indicates why the technology or idea presented is a good choice.
Technique:
Uses persuasive language without being overbearing.
Uses other tools of persuasion such as rhetorical appeals and
organization appropriately.
Shows an understanding of the audience’s needs (word choice,
depth of explanation, etc.).
Expression:
Uses clear, well constructed sentences.
Uses words appropriately to create the desired tone.
Uses language appropriate to the audience (keeping in mind that
I also have to understand).
Mechanics:
Uses grammar, punctuation and spelling correctly.
Is properly formatted according to given instructions.
Research Infographic Assignment
Purpose/ Audience: Your audience is the general public. Your
purpose is to provide an overview of the research (from your

5. Research Essay) in an easily understandable format. You will
present this infographic to the class to share your research
findings.
Task:
Create an engaging infographic based on your research paper
findings. This infographic should present complex information
in an easily accessible format.
Use concise language, careful formatting, and appropriate
images to communicate your complex research information in a
simplistic and easy to understand format.
The most important element of this assignment is that your
information is accurate, concise, and easy to follow. The
graphic design of your infographic is secondary but still very
important (after all, you have already received a mark for your
research papers and your infographic is meant to translate that
research into a more engaging and accessible format).
I will provide a few infographic examples for you to follow.
Samples
Samples
Topics for research

6. Food Security
Lisa Dyson A forgotten Space Age technology could change
how we grow
food:https://www.ted.com/talks/lisa_dyson_a_forgotten_space_a
ge_technology_could_change_how_we_grow_food
The Urban Aboriginal Community Kitchen Garden Project
http://www.vidinfo.org/video/28040115/the-urban-aboriginal-
community-kitchen-garden
Devita Davison: How urban agriculture is transforming Detroit:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G88JZ1DIdg8
Public Art
Cody Graham and Carey Newman, Witness Blanket:
https://m1films.ca/portfolio_page/witness-blanket/
Helen Marriage, Public art that turns cities into playgrounds of
the
imagination:https://www.ted.com/talks/helen_marriage_public_
art_that_turns_cities_into_playgrounds_of_the_imagination#t-
17864
Jody Broomfield, Chrystal Sparrow, Jordan Gallie, City of
Vancouver, First Nations Art Instilations:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T9EV6ygpthc
Americans For the Arts:
Https://www.americansforthearts.org/by-topic/public-art/why-
murals

7. Climate change
CBC Spark: A 200-Year-Old Bicycle Design for Climate
Change: https://www.cbc.ca/radio/spark/a-200-year-old-bicycle-
inspires-design-for-climate-change-1.5141222
ITC solutions narrated by Jeffrey Sachs:
https://unfccc.int/climate-action/momentum-for-
change/information-and-communications-technology-solutions
Preventing Flooding in Belford - a new approach:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFShVPlS-QQ
Ranchers Combat Overgrazing to Flight Climate Change:
https://youtu.be/ct7iQxs7RMQ
Public health
https://radiopublic.com/99pi/ep/s1!68812
Max Little, A Test For Parkinson’s With A Cell Phone:
https://www.ted.com/talks/max_little_a_test_for_parkinson_s_w
ith_a_phone_call?referrer=playlist-the_future_of_medicine
Mark Kendall A needle-free vaccine patch that’s safer and way
cheaper:
https://www.ted.com/talks/mark_kendall_demo_a_needle_free_
vaccine_patch_that_s_safer_and_way_cheaper?referrer=playlist
-the_future_of_medicine
99% Invisible: Sound and Health:
Hospitals:https://radiopublic.com/99pi/ep/s1!68812

8. Student Name
Class name
Date
Burdened No Longer: How Continuous Glucose Monitoring is
Revolutionary in Diabetes Care
and Why British Columbia Should Fund It
Abstract
This paper discusses what Continuous Glucose Monitoring
(CGM) technology is, and
draws on recent scientific research to explain why it is more
effective for managing blood
glucose levels and preventing adverse health outcomes in
patients with type 1 diabetes than other
methods. It further examines how, despite the health benefits
associated with CGM use, the
technology has not yet seen widespread use in Canada due to
the high out-of-pocket costs for
patients. Thus, this paper asserts that the British Columbia
Ministry of Health should begin

9. providing public funding for CGM devices to ensure that all
type 1 diabetics are able to access
this revolutionary technology and manage their health more
effectively.
Figure 1 (left): Woman wearing a CGM sensor (Juvenile
Diabetes Research Foundation, 2019)
Figure 2 (right): CGM sensor, insulin pump and smartphone
with glucose data (Diabetes Canada, 2018)
Context
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic, autoimmune condition
characterized by the body’s inability
to produce insulin. Without insulin, a person’s cells cannot
perform the metabolic processes
necessary for life, and so people living with diabetes follow
intensive treatment regimens of
injecting insulin and monitoring blood glucose in order to
maintain their health. Though the
management of this condition places a significant burden on the
patient, recent developments in
technology have begun to provide more effective and less
laborious methods of regulating blood
glucose. One of these technologies, Continuous Glucose
Monitoring (CGM) has demonstrated

10. promising benefits for alleviating the medical burdens of type 1
diabetes by reducing the
incidence of extreme hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
(Diabetes Canada, 2018). CGM involves
the insertion of a disposable electrochemical sensor into the
skin, which continuously measures
the glucose levels in subcutaneous tissue, and then wirelessly
transmits this data to the user’s
insulin pump or smartphone (Vettoretti & Facchinetti, 2019).
However, for many people living
with type 1 diabetes in Canada, CGM is a potentially life-saving
technology that remains out of
reach due to high costs (Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation,
2019).
The inaccessibility of CGM technology represents a significant
problem, since studies
show that regulation of blood glucose levels using the
conventional method of self-monitoring
blood glucose (SMBG), which requires collecting small blood
samples from the fingers six to
eight times daily, is demonstrably less effective (Diabetes
Canada, 2018). Indeed, as shown in
figure 3, CGM use is associated with lower hemoglobin A1c
(HbA1c) levels, which is the

11. standard metric used to assess a patient’s blood glucose
regulation over a three month period
(Senn, Fischli, Slahor, Schelbert, & Henzen, 2019). This is due
in part to the fact that the blood
glucose data attained through SMBG only offers information
from individual points in time,
whereas CGM allows the patient to make more effective
treatment decisions based on 24-hour
data on their blood glucose and its trends. Considering how
long-term elevated HbA1c levels can
lead to diabetes-related complications such as kidney failure,
neuropathy and amputation, the
importance of utilizing technologies such as CGM to avoid such
outcomes becomes evident.
Figure 3: The impact of CGM use on blood glucose control
through trends in HbA1c during a
6-month study (Giani, Snelgrove, Volkening, & Laffel, 2016).
Furthermore, CGM plays a crucial role in the safety of people
with type 1 diabetes, as it
provides alerts when blood glucose is too high or too low. This
technology can prevent
life-threatening emergencies due to high or low blood glucose

12. by informing the user when there
is a problem and giving them the opportunity to act before
serious health problems, such as
seizures, diabetic coma, or ketoacidosis, arise. According to
Diabetes Canada, CGM use is
especially effective for type 1 diabetics who experience
frequent episodes of hypoglycemia, and
is associated with a decrease in hospitalizations for those who
use it (2018).
Finally, a 2019 study seeking to understand the benefits and
limitations of CGM use
found that while CGM is generally seen as favourable by type 1
diabetics, one of the primary
reasons for discontinuing the treatment method was the high
associated cost (Sørgård, Iversen, &
Mårtensson, 2019). As there is no national funding for CGM in
Canada (Graham, 2017), type 1
diabetics without specific private health insurance must pay
out-of-pocket for the cost of the
sensors, which ranges from $3000 to $6000 annually (Diabetes
Canada, 2018). However, the
study by Sørgård, Iversen, and Mårtensson ascertained through
interviews that many of the

13. diabetics who discontinued their use of CGM would resume
using the technology if the cost
barrier were to be eliminated (2019). Thus, it can be concluded
that the key to implementing
more widespread use of CGM among type 1 diabetics, and
reaping the health benefits it
provides, could be achieved by removing the barrier of cost.
Recommendation
In light of the evidence for how CGM use improves health
outcomes, and in accordance
with the recommendations of Diabetes Canada (2018), it is
imperative that the British Columbia
Ministry of Health begins providing public funding for the use
of CGM by people with type 1
diabetes. All costs associated with CGM should be covered
under the province’s health insurance
in order to ensure that every type 1 diabetic in British Columbia
can access this potentially
life-saving technology.
Though some may argue that providing this coverage would
constitute an increase in
healthcare spending that the province cannot afford, there is

14. evidence to indicate that this policy
would instead be cost-effective. One study tracking the public
costs of pregnancy and delivery
for 1441 diabetic women found that the overall costs for the
women regulating their glucose
using CGM was lower than for those using SMBG (Murphy,
Feig, Sanchez, de Portu, & Sale,
2019). As illustrated in Figure 4, although the immediate costs
of CGM are higher than SMBG,
this cost is offset by the reduction in length and frequency of
neonatal intensive care unit
admissions. Though this data pertains specifically to pregnant
women using CGM, the same
principle may be extrapolated to infer that the cost of providing
public funding for CGM would
be offset by the consequently reduced medical complications
associated with poor blood glucose
regulation.
Figure 4: Healthcare costs of pregnant women with type 1
diabetes when using CGM compared
to SMBG (Murphy, Feig, Sanchez, de Portu, & Sale, 2019).

15. Another benefit of instituting public funding of CGM would be
the opportunity to use it
in conjunction with an insulin pump. CGM sensors now have
the ability to communicate with
some insulin pumps in such a way that allows the pump to
increase or decrease insulin dosage
based on blood glucose readings (Graham, 2017). While these
so-called “closed-loop systems”
or “artificial pancreases” are still an emerging technology,
many experts expect them to quickly
become the new standard of care as they are demonstrating even
more positive effects on blood
glucose regulation than CGM or insulin pumps alone (Graham,
2017). Thus, if British Columbia
Ministry of Health was to provide CGM funding, it would
simultaneously be paving the way for
even more advanced and effective diabetes management
technology.
In conclusion, in order to improve care for type 1 diabetics
across the province and
reduce healthcare costs associated with poor blood glucose
regulation, the British Columbia

16. Ministry of Health must make CGM accessible through the
provision of public funding.
According to an article in the BC Medical Journal, diabetes
places a significant burden on the
province’s healthcare system, accounting for over 70% of non-
traumatic limb amputations, and
prevalence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is expected to
continue increasing (Ur, 2018). In
order to ensure that taxpayer money is being spent effectively
and that our limited healthcare
resources are not being wasted on preventable hospitalization, it
is essential that the province
ensures all diabetics can access the care they need – not just
those wealthy enough to afford it.
As long as there remains no cure for type 1 diabetes, those
living with the condition rely on the
regulation of blood glucose for their health and survival, and
the investment in technologies like
CGM are what allow diabetics to live long, fulfilling lives.

17. List of Works Cited
Diabetes Canada. (2018). Continuous glucose monitoring [PDF
file]. Retrieved from
https://www.diabetes.ca/DiabetesCanadaWebsite/media/Managi
ng-My-Diabetes/Tools
and
Resources/Continuous_Glucose_Monitoring_Advocacy_Pkg_4.p
df?ext=.pdf.
Giani, E., Snelgrove, R., Volkening, L. K., & Laffel, L. M.
(2016). Continuous glucose
monitoring (CGM) adherence in youth with type 1 diabetes:
Associations with
biomedical and psychosocial variables. Journal of Diabetes
Science and Technology,
11(3), 476–483. doi: 10.1177/1932296816676280
Graham, C. (2017). Continuous glucose monitoring and global
reimbursement: An update.
Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics, 19(S3). doi:
10.1089/dia.2017.0096
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. (2019). Making
continuous glucose monitoring
accessible to all. Retrieved from

18. https://www.jdrf.ca/blog/making-continuous-glucose-
monitoring-accessible-to-all/.
Murphy, H. R., Feig, D. S., Sanchez, J. J., de Portu, S., & Sale,
A. (2019). Modelling potential
cost savings from use of real-time continuous glucose
monitoring in pregnant women
with Type 1 diabetes. Diabetic Medicine, 36(12), 1652–1658.
Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31162713
Nicolucci, A., Rossi, M., Dostilio, D., Delbaere, A., Portu, S.
D., & Roze, S. (2018).
Cost-effectiveness of sensor-augmented pump therapy in two
different patient
populations with type 1 diabetes in Italy. Nutrition, Metabolism
and Cardiovascular
Diseases, 28(7), 707–715. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.03.011
Senn, J.-D., Fischli, S., Slahor, L., Schelbert, S., & Henzen, C.
(2019). Long-term effects of
initiating continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and
continuous glucose
monitoring (CGM) in people with type 1 diabetes and
unsatisfactory diabetes control.

19. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 394. doi:
10.3390/jcm8030394
Sørgård, B., Iversen, M., & Mårtensson, J. (2019). Continuous
glucose monitoring in adults with
type 1 diabetes: A balance between benefits and barriers: A
critical incident study.
Journal of Clinical Nursing. Retrieved from
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jocn.14911?ref
errer_access_token=q1k
_7aXykr48U6_XxdyywYta6bR2k8jH0KrdpFOxC66IhzyHis-
koEHmqbXOOW96jaGP0a
MwdHAAReGIq07PWYoRJc0FjDXoxMYZNuRXa60lBkU3HQli
n4bBuaLXW2uSAdp
QKDpjlQLYlFvJBf5OBw%3D%3D
Ur, E. (2018). Diabetes in British Columbia: Starvation in the
midst of plenty. BC Medical
Journal, 60(9), 436–438. Retrieved from
https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british-
columbia-starvation-mids
t-plenty
Vettoretti, M., & Facchinetti, A. (2019). Combining continuous
glucose monitoring and insulin

20. pumps to automatically tune the basal insulin infusion in
diabetes therapy: a review.
BioMedical Engineering OnLine, 18(1). doi: 10.1186/s12938-
019-0658-x
https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british-
columbia-starvation-midst-plenty
https://www.bcmj.org/editorials/guest-editorial-diabetes-british-
columbia-starvation-midst-plenty
Research Paper topic confirmation
Class Number English 151 – _____
Student Name_____________________________________
This is the problem I have identified.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
This is the technology/idea/concept I would like to propose to
solve or address this.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
I plan to address my paper to this person or group of people
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

21. _____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
___________________________________________
Annotated Bibliography Practice Sheet
APA Bibliographic Citation (Be sure to include the hanging
indent)
Example of a Parenthetical In-text Citation for this Source
Type of Source
(ex. journal article, book, website)
Summarize this source in one to two sentences
Explain why this is an authoritative source in one to two
sentences
Explain how this source will likely feature in your paper in one
to two sentences

22. Use this table as a format for your annotated bibliography.
SAMPLE:
APA Bibliographic Entry
Schmidt, L., Jacobs, L., and Spetz, P. (2016) Young people’s
more permissive views
about marijuana: Local impact of state laws or
national trend?. American Journal
of Public Health 106.8 : 1498-1503. Retrieved from
https://libsecure.camosun.bc.ca:2443/login?url=http://search.ebs
cohost.com/
login.aspx?direct=true&db=c8h&AN=116795701&site=eds-
live>
Example of a Parenthetical In-text Citation for this Source
Type of Source
(ex. journal article, book, website, etc.)
(Schmidt, Jacobs, and Spetz, 2016, 1498)
Academic journal article
Summarize this source in one to two sentences
In their article “Young People’s More Permissive Views About
Marijuana: Local Impact of State Laws or National Trend?”
Laurie Schmidt, Laurie Jacobs, and Joanne Spetz (2016) analyze
data over a span of 10 years from the US National Survey on
Drug Use and Health (2004-2013) to determine if relaxed
medical marijuana laws within states encourage young people to
adopt a more positive stance towards marijuana. The authors

23. assert that, according to their analysis, while relaxed marijuana
laws within a state didn’t appear to directly result in youth
within that particular state acquiring more permissive attitudes
towards the drug, the authors did detect, over the time of the
study, a national trend of youth adopting a more positive
attitude towards the drug as some states relaxed their marijuana
laws.
Explain why this is an authoritative source in one to two
sentences
This article was published in a peer-reviewed academic journal.
Moreover, having been published just three years ago, it
provides current information on the topic.
Explain how this source will likely feature in your paper in one
to two sentences
This article provides recent evidence, in an American context,
that as states relax their marijuana laws, at the national level,
youth appear to be adopting a more positive stance towards
marijuana. This article provides support for my contention that
as Canada legalizes marijuana, Canadian youth may
increasingly view the drug as less harmful.