The document presents a framework for research data sharing, emphasizing the importance of transparency and reproducibility in scientific research. It outlines the necessity for data archiving, citation, and the conditions under which data should be shared, including a focus on maintaining confidentiality and enabling further research. Various strategies and existing repositories for effective data sharing are discussed, along with recommendations for effective practices in data management.

1. RESEARCH DATA SHARING:
A BASIC FRAMEWORK
Paul Groth @pgroth
pgroth.com
Elsevier Labs @elsevierlabs
LERU Summer School 2016
Data Stewardship for Scientific Discovery and Innovation

2. WHAT IS DATA?

3. WHAT IS DATA?
“Data refers to entities used as evidence of phenomena for
the purposes of research or scholarship”
[Borgman Big Data, Little
Data, No Data 2015 p.29]

4. WHY COLLECT
DATA?

5. WHY COLLECT
DATA?
Borgman, C. L. (2012). The conundrum of sharing
research data. Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology.

6. HOW IS DATA
OBTAINED

7. HOW IS DATA
OBTAINED
Borgman, C. L. (2012). The conundrum of sharing
research data. Journal of the American Society for
Information Science and Technology.

8. WHY SHARE DATA?

9. WHY SHARE DATA?
• R1: reproduce or verify research,
• R2: make results of publicly funded
research available to the public
• R3: enable others to ask new
questions of extant data
• R4: advance the state of research
and innovation.
Borgman, C. L. (2012). The conundrum of sharing research data.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and
Technology.

10. • All empirical papers must archive their data upon acceptance in order to be published unless the authors provide
a compelling reason why they cannot (e.g., expense, confidentiality). The action editor will be the final arbiter of whether the reason is
sufficiently compelling.
• “Data” refers to an electronic file containing nonidentified responses that are potentially already coded. Normally, the data would
represent an early stage of electronic processing, before individual responses have been aggregated. The data must be in
a form that allows all reported statistical analyses to be reproduced
while retaining the confidentiality of individual participants. This entails that the data are formatted and documented in a way that makes
the structure of the data set readily apparent.
• Archiving consists either of submitting the data to the journal (to be displayed as supplementary material at the end of the article),
sending it to some other archive that is accessible to established researchers and maintained by a substantial established institution, or
authors making the data available on their own website, assuming that they can assure us the site will be maintained by a recognized
institution for a reasonable period of time. Again, action editors will be the final arbiters of the appropriateness of an archive.
• Any publication that reports analyses of or refers to archived data will be expected to cite the original
publication in which the data were reported.
• This policy is new and therefore open to modification. Our aim is to implement a policy that maximizes transparency while minimizing the
burden on authors.

12. THE IMPORTANCE OF CITING DATA
Data Citation Synthesis Group: Joint Declaration of Data Citation
Principles. Martone M. (ed.) San Diego CA: FORCE11; 2014
[https://www.force11.org/group/joint-declaration-data-
citation-principles-final].
1. Importance
2. Credit and Attribution
3. Evidence
4. Unique Identification
5. Access
6. Persistence
7. Specificity and Verifiability
8. Interoperability and Flexibility

14. 10 ASPECTS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE RESEARCH DATA
https://www.elsevier.com/con
nect/10-aspects-of-highly-
effective-research-data

15. https://storify.com/chenghlee/dataformathell
http://isps.yale.edu/sites/default/files/files/I
DCC14_DQR_PeerGreenStephenson.pdf
ALL DATA ISN’T SUCCESSFUL

16. BARRIERS TO REACHING SUCCESSFUL
DATA?

17. Common practice: data is very fragmented
Using antibodies
and squishy bits
Grad Students experiment
and enter details into their
lab notebook.
The PI then tries to make
sense of their slides,
and writes a paper.
End of story.
17

18. ALL DATA ISN’T CURATED

19. Cost of documentation
http://www.indoition.com/en/services/costs
-prices-software-documentation.htm

20. 20Yolanda GilUSC Information Sciences Institute gil@isi.edu
Measuring Time Savings with
“Reproducibility Maps” [Garijo et al PLOS CB12]
2 months of effort in reproducing published method (in PLoS’10)
Authors expertise was required
Comparison of
ligand binding
sites
Comparison of
dissimilar protein
structures
Graph network
generation
Molecular Docking
Work with D. Garijo of UPM and P. Bourne of UCSD

21. CURRENT STRATEGIES FOR DATA SHARING

22. SUBJECT SPECIFIC REPOSITORIES

23. SUBJECT SPECIFIC REPOSITORIES

24. COMMUNITY SPECIFIC REPOSITORIES

25. GENERIC REPOSITORIES
http://data.mendeley.com/
Each dataset receives a versioned
DOI, so it can be cited
The citation for the
associated article is
displayed

26. DATA PUBLICATION

27. BENEFITS OF MACHINE READBILITY

28. HOW DO WE MOVE UP THE PYRAMID
https://www.elsevier.com/con
nect/10-aspects-of-highly-
effective-research-data

29. 60 % OF TIME IS SPENT ON DATA
PREPARATION

30. CURATED DATA SETS

31. http://ivory.idyll.org/blog/replication-i.html

32. MORE SEMANTICS

33. A FRAMEWORK FOR HELPING
RESEARCHERS SHARE DATA
• What data?
• Determine the context
• Why is data being collected?
• How is data obtained?
• What is the researchers’ reason for sharing?
• Document
• Understand Cost/benefit tradeoffs
• Target audience
• Automation

34. FURTHER READING
• Syllabus for Data Management and Practice, Part I, Winter 2016. Data
Management and Practice, Part I (2016)Christine L Borgmam.
https://works.bepress.com/borgman/381/
• Christine L. Borgman. “Big Data, Little Data, No Data”
• Reference list
://www.zotero.org/groups/borgman_big_data_little_data_no_data
• Borgman, C. L. (2012). The conundrum of sharing research data. Journal of
the American Society for Information Science and Technology.
• Goodman A, Pepe A, Blocker AW, Borgman CL, Cranmer K, et al. (2014)
Ten Simple Rules for the Care and Feeding of Scientific Data. PLoS Comput
Biol 10(4): e1003542. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003542