Discussing whether our current scholarly infrastructure can support the concept transclusion.

1. ARE WE FINALLY READY FOR
TRANSCLUSION?*
Dr. Paul Groth | @pgroth | pgroth.com
Disruptive Technology Director
Elsevier Labs | @elsevierlabs
The Future of Text Symposium
September 2017
Thanks Anita de Waard
* AT LEAST FOR ACADEMIC TEXT

2. TRANSCLUSION
Nelson, T. H. (1995). "The Heart of
Connection: Hypermedia Unified by
Transclusion". Communications of
the ACM. 38 (8): 31-33.
doi:10.1145/208344.208353

3. 3
Enabling data-centric science
[[1] Bleecker, J. ‘A Manifesto for Networked Objects — Cohabiting with Pigeons, Arphids and Aibos in the Internet of Things
http://nearfuturelaboratory.com/2006/02/26/a-manifesto-for-networked-objects/
2] Bechhofer, S., De Roure, D., Gamble, M., Goble, C. and Buchan, I. (2010) Research Objects: Towards Exchange and
Reuse of Digital Knowledge. In: The Future of the Web for Collaborative Science (FWCS 2010), April 2010, Raleigh, NC,
USA. http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4626/version/1
[3] Neylon, C. ‘Network Enabled Research: Maximise scale and connectivity, minimise friction’,
http://cameronneylon.net/blog/network-enabled-research/ ‘
Internet of things: (Bleecker, [1])
Interact with ‘objects that blog’ or ‘Blogjects’, that:
track where they are and where they’ve been;have
histories of their encounters and experienceshave agency
- an assertive voice on the social web [2]
Research Objects: (Bechofer et al, [2])
Create semantically rich aggregations of resources, that
can possess some scientific intent or support some
research objective
Networked Knowledge: (Neylon, [3])
If we care about taking advantage of the web and
internet for research then we must tackle the building of
scholarly communication networks.
These networks will have two critical characteristics:
scale and a lack of friction. [3]
From Anita de
Waard

4. A. Changing the unit and form of the research paper
1998: Modular papers:
2000: Argumentation networks:
1987 20171997 2007
2015: Lorena Barba, GWU, teaching in Python:
From Anita de
Waard

5. 5
Scientific articles are stories that persuade with data
The Story of Goldilocks and the
Three Bears
Story Grammar Paper The AXH Domain of Ataxin-1 Mediates Neurodegeneration
through Its Interaction with Gfi-1/Senseless Proteins
Once upon a time Time Setting Background The mechanisms mediating SCA1 pathogenesis are still not fully
understood, but some general principles have emerged.
a little girl named Goldilocks Characters Objects of study the Drosophila Atx-1 homolog (dAtx-1) which lacks a polyQ tract,
She went for a walk in the forest.
Pretty soon, she came upon a
house.
Location Experimental
setup
studied and compared in vivo effects and interactions to those of the
human protein
She knocked and, when no one
answered,
Goal Theme Research
goal
Gain insight into how Atx-1's function contributes to SCA1
pathogenesis. How these interactions might contribute to the disease
process and how they might cause toxicity in only a subset of neurons
in SCA1 is not fully understood.
she walked right in. Attempt Hypothesis Atx-1 may play a role in the regulation of gene expression
At the table in the kitchen, there
were three bowls of porridge.
Name Episode 1 Name dAtX-1 and hAtx-1 Induce Similar Phenotypes When Overexpressed in
Files
Goldilocks was hungry. Subgoal Subgoal test the function of the AXH domain
Method overexpressed dAtx-1 in flies using the GAL4/UAS system (Brand and
Perrimon, 1993) and compared its effects to those of hAtx-1.
She tasted the porridge from the
first bowl.
Attempt
This porridge is too hot! she
exclaimed.
Outcome Results Overexpression of dAtx-1 by Rhodopsin1(Rh1)-GAL4, which drives
expression in the differentiated R1-R6 photoreceptor cells (Mollereau et
al., 2000 and O'Tousa et al., 1985), results in neurodegeneration in the
eye, as does overexpression of hAtx-1[82Q]. Although at 2 days after
eclosion, overexpression of either Atx-1 does not show obvious
morphological changes in the photoreceptor cells
So, she tasted the porridge from
the second bowl.
Activity Data (data not shown),
This porridge is too cold, she said Outcome Results both genotypes show many large holes and loss of cell integrity at 28
days
So, she tasted the last bowl of
porridge.
Activity Data (Figures 1B-1D).
Ahhh, this porridge is just right,
she said happily and
Outcome Results Overexpression of dAtx-1 using the GMR-GAL4 driver also induces
eye abnormalities. The external structures of the eyes that overexpress
dAtx-1 show disorganized ommatidia and loss of interommatidial
bristles
she ate it all up. Data (Figure 1F),
Aristotle Quintilian Scientific Paper
prooimion
Introduction/
exordium
The introduction of a speech, where one announces the subject and
purpose of the discourse, and where one usually employs the
persuasive appeal to ethos in order to establish credibility with the
audience.
Introduction: positioning
prothesis
Statement of
Facts/narrati
o
The speaker here provides a narrative account of what has happened
and generally explains the nature of the case.
Introduction: research
question
Summary/
propostitio
The propositio provides a brief summary of what one is about to speak
on, or concisely puts forth the charges or accusation.
Summary of contents
pistis
Proof/
confirmatio
The main body of the speech where one offers logical arguments as
proof. The appeal to logos is emphasized here.
Results
Refutation/
refutatio
As the name connotes, this section of a speech was devoted to
answering the counterarguments of one's opponent.
Related Work
epilogos peroratio
Following the refutatio and concluding the classical oration, the
peroratio conventionally employed appeals through pathos, and often
included a summing up.
Discussion: summary,
implications.
Anita
de Waard

6. TREND: THE ATOMINZATION OF SCHOLARY COMMS

7. ATOMIZATION: PUBLISH RESOURCES

8. ATOMIZATION: COMMENTARY & ANNOTATIONS

9. ATOMIZATION: CLAIMS & CONCEPTS
nanopublications

10. TREND: PERSISTENT IDS EVERYWHERE
We are adding PIDs for Funding
information, Licensing, Versioning
Every paper we publish has a DOI (= PID).
ORCID enables every researcher to
have a PID
Every dataset we publish has a
DOI (= PID)
Knowledge components are identified
through DOIs, e.g.:
• Chemicals
• Physical Samples
• Resource Identifiers
• Organisms
• Materials
We are helping to create Open Linked Data networks of PIDs

11. TREND: DUPLICATION
“In her first revision, the author
completely replaced the description of
the method with a citation, as shown in
Fig. ​Fig.2b.2b. This avoids the problem
of self-plagiarism, but the absence of
any detail makes the method section
look a little thin.”

12. TREND: MACHINE WRITING
Towards Automating Data Narratives.
Gil, Y.; and Garijo, D. In Proceedings of the
Twenty-Second ACM International Conference
on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI-17),
Limassol, Cyprus, 2017.

13. AN EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE FOR TRANSCLUSION?
See also: https://web.hypothes.is/blog/dois/
Machine
Writing
PIDS w/
Metadata
Background Quotation in Context
Assembled w/ Jupyter Notebooks
Open Annotation
Rendered

14. FUTURE: CONSTRUCTING SCHOLARLY TEXT FROM
DISTRIBUTED RESEARCH OBJECTS?
• Transclude data, methods, background
through the scholarly infrastructure
• Have the machine help generate text that
can be easily included
• Authors can shape their narrative using
blocks within notebooks
• Notebooks support rendering for different
consumption formats