Gynecology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the female reproductive system. It encompasses issues like menstrual disorders, menopause, infections, reproductive organ malformations, hormone imbalances, and tumors. Reproductive medicine within gynecology focuses on infertility and uses procedures like artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. Labor occurs in three stages - the first involves cervical dilation, the second is delivery, and the third expels the placenta. Determining an infant's gestational age provides crucial information for their care by indicating developmental expectations and potential medical issues.