The document provides examples of direct and reported speech. It explains how to change direct speech to reported speech by backshifting tenses depending on the tense used in the original direct speech. For example, if the direct speech is in the present tense, the reported speech changes it to the past tense. It also gives examples of changing direct questions, commands, and other constructions like modal verbs to the appropriate reported speech forms. The document concludes with an exercise where readers must rewrite examples of direct speech from a video into the corresponding reported speech statements.

2. A. STATEMENTS :
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED
Direct speech: Susan: "I work in an
office."
Reported speech: Susan says (that)
she works in an office.
“I work in an office” Susan said.
Susan said (that) she worked in an office

3. HE SAID/TOLD (SOMEBODY)..
● BACKSHIFT OF TENSES:
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE
“We eat healthy food” he said.
PAST SIMPLE
He said (that) they ate healthy food.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
“We are eating healthy food” he said.
PAST CONTINUOUS
He said they were eating healthy food.
PAST SIMPLE
“We ate healthy food” he said.
PAST PERFECT
He said (that) they had eaten healthy food.
FUTURE SIMPLE
“We will eat healthy food” he said.
CONDITIONAL (WOULD)
He said that they would eat healthy food.
PRESENT PERFECT
“I have eaten healthy food” he said.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.
PAST PERFECT
He said they had eaten healthy food.

4. “CAN”
“I can speak Chinese” he said.
“COULD”
He said that he could speak Chinese.
“MUST”/ hAVE TO
“I must study harder”
“HAD TO”
He said he had to study harder.
TIME EXPRESSIONS
“THIS/THESE” “THAT/THOSE”
“TODAY” “THAT DAY”
“NEXT” “THE FOLLOWING”
“NOW” “THEN”
MODAL VERBS

5. B. QUESTIONS: HE ASKED...
“Do you live here?” Mary asked. YES-NO
QUESTIONS
Mary asked if I lived near there.
“Where were you born?” she asked. WH-
QUESTIONS
She asked where I was born.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/questions.htm

6. C. COMMANDS: He ordered ...
He ordered SOMEBODY TO + INF
“Do the exercise” the teacher ordered me.
The teacher ordered me to do the exercise.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/commands.htm
“Do not shout!” he ordered.
He ordered us NOT TO shout.
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/reported_speech/commands_negations.htm

7. LET’S PRACTICE!

8. Watch the segment and check who says these lines .
T - Tom
R - Rita
C - Cecilia
1. ( ) I was in an Egyptian Tomb
2. ( ) I'll wait for that glass at the Copacabana
3. ( ) It's nothing, I'll be OK.
4. ( ) Draw my bath.
5. ( ) I can't wait to get out of these clothes.

9. 6. ( ) I am very impressed.
7. ( ) You've been here all day.
8. ( ) This is the fifth time you're seeing this.
9. ( ) Come here quickly
10. ( ) Who are you?
11. ( ) I'm free.
12. ( ) What's going on?

10. Now rewrite the sentences above, using reported speech:
Example:
1. Tom said (that) he was in an Egyptian tomb.
2...........................................
3..........................................
4..........................................
5..........................................

11. ANSWER KEY
1. T 2. T 3. R 4. R 5. R 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. R 10. T and C 11. T 12. C
2. ( T ) Tom said he would wait for that glass at the Copacabana.
3. ( R ) Rita said it was nothing, She would be OK.
4. ( R ) Rita told the maid to draw her bath.
5. ( R ) Rita said she couldn't wait to get out of those clothes.
6. ( T ) Tom said he was very impressed.
7. ( T ) Tom said she had been there all day.
8. ( T ) Tom said that was the fifth time she was seeing that.
9. ( R ) Rita told Tom to come there quickly
10. ( T and C) Tom (Cecilia) asked Cecilia (Tom) who she (he) was?
11. ( T ) Tom said he was free.
12. ( C ) Cecilia asked what was going on.

12. WELL DONE!!