Plastering Defination of plastering : The word “plaster” comes from the Greek language meaning “to daub on”. This is the process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean & durable surfaces. On the other hand we say that; A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand and water,...
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Plastering involves applying plaster, a mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, to rough or uneven surfaces to make them smooth. The objectives of plastering are to provide an even, durable finished surface and protect the underlying structure. Several tools are used in plastering including trowels, floats, and hawks. There are different types of plaster like lime, cement, mud, and stucco plaster. Cement plaster is suited for damp conditions while lime plaster uses lime as the binding agent. Issues that can arise with plaster include cracking, efflorescence, plaster falling out, and blowing.
Chapter 10 wall finishes ( plastering,pointing & painting)KHUSHBU SHAH
This document discusses various aspects of wall finishes, specifically plastering, pointing, and painting. It begins by defining plastering as a process of obtaining a smooth surface on rough walls, roofs, columns, and ceilings. It then discusses the different types of mortars used for plastering, including lime, cement, and lime cement mortars. The document also covers methods of plastering such as multi-coat plastering and describes common plaster finishes. It concludes by discussing pointing in masonry construction and various pointing techniques.
Building Materials & Construction Module - 5Abhilash B L
To recognize good construction materials based on properties, Characteristics, Location, Activities according to IS standards for wall finishes like Plastering, painting and finishing
This document discusses causes, effects, and methods of preventing dampness in buildings. It outlines several precautions that should be taken such as proper site drainage and wall thickness. Common causes of dampness include rising moisture, rain penetration, and poor drainage. Effects include breeding mosquitoes and damage to building materials. Methods of damp proofing discussed are damp proof courses, waterproof surface treatments, integral treatments during construction, cavity walls, and cement grouting of cracks. Specific materials used for damp proof courses like bitumen and mastic asphalt are also outlined.
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)Zelkhan
Plastering process which involve plastering on brick walls. This paper explains the mono plastering process which involve only 1 layer of plaster, rather than the usual 3 layer of plaster.
If you find these presentation to be beneficial, I would like to welcome you to donate, and support my work in Cement & Concrete Industry. Donation can be made using the following currency/medium:
Bitcoin Address: 36rb4YnbDZsXcCu7i1aXRVvy31j3GoM9YY
EgoPay: elkhana2u@gmail.com
Perfect Money: U6071834 (USD)
Thanks.
1. Plastering is done for protection, smooth surfaces, decoration, and to conceal defects. Requirements include adhesion, affordability, hardness, and workability.
2. Common plaster types include sand faced, rough cast, pebbled dash, and smooth cast.
3. Defects can include blistering, cracking, efflorescence, flaking, peeling, and popping. Cracking is caused by structural issues or drying movements.
Plastering Defination of plastering : The word “plaster” comes from the Greek language meaning “to daub on”. This is the process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean & durable surfaces. On the other hand we say that; A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand and water,...
slideshare ppt download
slideshare presentations
stroke ppt slideshare
download slideshare ppt online
slideshare powerpoint
iot ppt slideshare
Plastering involves applying plaster, a mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, and water, to rough or uneven surfaces to make them smooth. The objectives of plastering are to provide an even, durable finished surface and protect the underlying structure. Several tools are used in plastering including trowels, floats, and hawks. There are different types of plaster like lime, cement, mud, and stucco plaster. Cement plaster is suited for damp conditions while lime plaster uses lime as the binding agent. Issues that can arise with plaster include cracking, efflorescence, plaster falling out, and blowing.
Chapter 10 wall finishes ( plastering,pointing & painting)KHUSHBU SHAH
This document discusses various aspects of wall finishes, specifically plastering, pointing, and painting. It begins by defining plastering as a process of obtaining a smooth surface on rough walls, roofs, columns, and ceilings. It then discusses the different types of mortars used for plastering, including lime, cement, and lime cement mortars. The document also covers methods of plastering such as multi-coat plastering and describes common plaster finishes. It concludes by discussing pointing in masonry construction and various pointing techniques.
Building Materials & Construction Module - 5Abhilash B L
To recognize good construction materials based on properties, Characteristics, Location, Activities according to IS standards for wall finishes like Plastering, painting and finishing
This document discusses causes, effects, and methods of preventing dampness in buildings. It outlines several precautions that should be taken such as proper site drainage and wall thickness. Common causes of dampness include rising moisture, rain penetration, and poor drainage. Effects include breeding mosquitoes and damage to building materials. Methods of damp proofing discussed are damp proof courses, waterproof surface treatments, integral treatments during construction, cavity walls, and cement grouting of cracks. Specific materials used for damp proof courses like bitumen and mastic asphalt are also outlined.
Plastering Process (Cement/Masonry/Finishing Layer)Zelkhan
Plastering process which involve plastering on brick walls. This paper explains the mono plastering process which involve only 1 layer of plaster, rather than the usual 3 layer of plaster.
If you find these presentation to be beneficial, I would like to welcome you to donate, and support my work in Cement & Concrete Industry. Donation can be made using the following currency/medium:
Bitcoin Address: 36rb4YnbDZsXcCu7i1aXRVvy31j3GoM9YY
EgoPay: elkhana2u@gmail.com
Perfect Money: U6071834 (USD)
Thanks.
1. Plastering is done for protection, smooth surfaces, decoration, and to conceal defects. Requirements include adhesion, affordability, hardness, and workability.
2. Common plaster types include sand faced, rough cast, pebbled dash, and smooth cast.
3. Defects can include blistering, cracking, efflorescence, flaking, peeling, and popping. Cracking is caused by structural issues or drying movements.
This document provides information on different types of tiles used in construction, including roofing tiles, flooring tiles, wall tiles, drain tiles, and sewer pipes. It describes the characteristics and manufacturing of tiles, the glazing process, and the installation process for tile flooring which involves measuring the floor, purchasing tile, preparing the surface, laying out and installing the tiles, cutting as needed, finishing edges, applying grout, and sealing the grout. The document is from a course on construction materials and finishes.
The document discusses different types of mortar used in construction. It defines mortar as a mixture of a binding material, fine aggregate, and water. Common binding materials include cement and lime. Mortars are classified by their binding material, such as cement mortar, lime mortar, and mud mortar. Specialty mortars include fire resistant mortar, lightweight mortar, and chemical resistant mortar which are formulated for specific applications. The document outlines the proper mixing and application of different mortars.
This document discusses various types of flooring and wall cladding materials used in construction. It provides information on exterior and interior insulation finishing systems, roofing materials, waterproofing treatments, damp proofing, and terminite proofing. It also describes different stone flooring options like Shahabad stone, Kota stone, and marble stone flooring. Additional flooring materials discussed include chequered tiles, glazed tiles, block paving, terrazzo tiles, and various types of floor finishes.
Jointing refers to finishing joints as brickwork proceeds, while pointing finishes raked joints after completion. Common joint profiles include half-round tooled, flush, raked or square-recessed, and weatherstruck. Jointing tools shape joints, with timing depending on brick suction and weather. Pointing involves raking joints and finishing them after brickwork is complete, sometimes using colored mortar mixes for aesthetic effects. Careful joint finishing is important for neat internal and external angles.
What is pointing?
Scope of pointing
Method of pointing
What is plastering?
Objective of plastering
Lime plaster
Cement plaster
Gypsum plaster (plaster of Paris)
Water proof plaster of Mortar
Heat resistant plasters
Defects in plastering
1.Stretcher bond
2.Header bond
3.English bond and
4.Flemish bond.
This document discusses properties of concrete and compaction methods. It covers the importance of compacting concrete to remove air voids and increase strength. Methods of compaction include manual techniques like rodding and tamping as well as mechanical vibration using internal and external vibrators. Improper vibration can lead to defects like honeycombing or segregation. Newer techniques like self-compacting concrete use superplasticizers to reduce the need for external vibration during pouring and placement.
The document discusses various surface finishing techniques used to protect and decorate building materials. It describes the purpose of surface finishes as protecting surfaces from weathering, providing a smooth appearance, and creating an aesthetically pleasing look. Several types of plasters, paints, and washes are used as covering materials. The document also defines important technical terms related to surface finishes and plastering techniques, including cement plastering, lime plastering, mud plastering, stucco plastering, and moghul plastering. It provides details on applying coats, curing times, and suitability of each plastering method. Pointing and different types of joints in buildings are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of different types of flooring materials and their characteristics. It discusses traditional flooring materials like mud, brick, stone and wooden flooring. It also covers modern materials like cement concrete, terrazzo, tile, marble, vinyl and glass flooring. For each type, it provides details on their composition, construction process, advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses different structural systems for reinforced concrete floors like simple slab, beam-slab and flat slab flooring, as well as pre-cast concrete floors.
This presentation discusses plastering and provides details on materials, tools, types of plaster, and procedures. It introduces plastering as a process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to create smooth, durable coatings. The main types of plaster covered are lime, cement, mud, and stucco plaster. Procedures for cement plastering including surface preparation, application of preliminary, first, and second coats are outlined. Common plastering issues like cracking, efflorescence, filling out, and blowing are defined along with solutions. Advantages of durability and ease of application are balanced with disadvantages of repair costs and potential for cracking.
Chapter 4 (d) hollow concrete block masonryKHUSHBU SHAH
The document discusses hollow concrete blocks used in construction. Some key points:
- Hollow concrete blocks are large rectangular bricks made of Portland cement, sand, and gravel aggregates. They come in various standard sizes for different uses.
- Blocks are manufactured using a cement to aggregate ratio of 1:6, with sand and gravel aggregates sized 6-12mm. They are molded, cured for 7 days, and should have a minimum compressive strength of 4N/mm2.
- Advantages of hollow concrete block masonry include lighter weight for easier handling, faster construction, and increased floor area due to thinner walls.
This document provides an introduction to brick walling for stonemasons. It describes common bricklaying tools such as hammers and jointers. It also details brick dimensions, identification of faces, common types of bricks, mortar beds and joints, bonding patterns such as stretcher and English bond, and basic bricklaying techniques like building to gauge. References are provided for images used from external sources.
This document discusses various methods of damp-proofing and waterproofing buildings. It defines damp-proofing as preventing moisture from rising through walls, floors, and basements, while waterproofing refers to preventing water leakage from roofs. Common sources of dampness include rising ground moisture, rain splashing, and poor drainage. Dampness can cause issues like efflorescence, plaster damage, and mold growth. Methods of damp-proofing discussed include membrane barriers like bitumen and plastic sheets, integral waterproof concrete additives, and surface treatments to fill pores. Flexible, semi-rigid and rigid damp proof course materials are also outlined.
The document discusses damp proof courses (DPC), which are barriers made of impervious materials built into walls and piers to prevent moisture from moving within the building. A DPC is laid into a brick wall approximately two courses below the lowest timber member, such as a bearer. Damp proofing in construction uses moisture control methods applied to walls and floors to prevent damp problems from occurring inside buildings, including membrane damp proofing, integral damp proofing, surface treatments, guniting, and cavity wall construction.
Tiles have been used for thousands of years to cover floors, walls, and roofs. They are manufactured from raw materials like clay, glass, and stone. The manufacturing process involves mixing raw materials, shaping the tiles, firing them at high temperatures, and sometimes applying a glaze. Tiles offer many advantages like durability, low maintenance, cost effectiveness, water resistance, and increasing home resale value. There are various types of tiles including ceramic, stone, glass, vinyl, and plastic tiles that are used for floors, walls, countertops, and roofs. Tiles continue to be a popular building material due to their attractive appearance and functional properties.
Details of Construction course presentation on Roofs and Floors , broadly discuss by definition , types with photo and cool animation .
Highly recommended for download then slide show otherwise you'll miss animation effect with some details .
#For_Basic_knowledge_on_construction_of_roofs_and_floors
Finishing works (Building Construction)Zairul Zaiky
This document discusses finishing works in building construction. It focuses on plastering as a type of wall finishing. Plastering functions to protect and cover basic work, produce a flat surface, protect from climate effects, provide a base for paint or tiles, increase durability, and provide comfort. Plastering of internal walls involves base and finish coat layers applied with trowels, while external walls involve thicker, rougher base and finish coats. Different types of materials like cement, lime, sand, and water are used for plastering. Floor finishes can also include tiles made from materials like thermoplastic, vinyl, cork, clay, quarry, and terrazzo.
This document provides information on brick masonry, including the components, properties, types, and bonds used. It defines key terms like stretcher, header, lap, perpend, bed, and various types of closers. It describes the classification of bricks based on field practice, strength, use, finish, manufacture, burning, and type. The types of bonds covered include stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, Flemish bond, and their essential features. Mortars are classified as cement, lime, lime-surkhi, mud, and lime-cement. The document is a comprehensive reference on brick masonry.
This document discusses causes of dampness in buildings and methods of damp proofing. The main causes of dampness are moisture rising up walls from the ground, rain penetrating external walls and roofs, and condensation. Effects of dampness include unhealthy conditions, damage to building materials and structures, and deterioration of electrical fittings. Methods of damp proofing discussed are using damp proof courses, integral damp proofing of concrete, cavity wall construction, surface treatments, guniting, and pressure grouting.
This document discusses various methods of damp proofing buildings to prevent moisture leakage. It describes common causes of dampness like rain, ground moisture, and condensation. Effects of dampness include damage to walls, electrical issues, and health problems. Methods of damp proofing discussed are using a damp proof course, integral damp proofing of concrete, surface treatments, cavity wall construction, guniting, and pressure grouting. Common materials used for damp proofing are bitumen, mastic asphalt, bituminous asphalt, metal sheets, cement concrete and plastic sheets. Foundations can be protected from ground water using foundation drains, damp proof courses, raft slabs, and asphalt tanking.
Screeds provide a vital layer in a floor that bonds the finish people see and walk across to the concrete substrate of the building’s construction.
If properly applied and maintained then most screeds need never be seen until the building comes to the end of its life and is dismantled. However failures in the planning, application, curing or drying processes can lead to later, potentially very costly, problems.
Read Flowcrete's whitepaper for an overview of the reasons for screed failure in both commercial and industrial environments, as well as an insight into screed failure avoidance and repair.
This document summarizes common plastering defects:
1. Plaster de-bonding from the background due to background movement, poor bonding, moisture issues, or thick plaster application. Prevention involves cleaning, drying walls, and applying bonding agents.
2. Bond failure between finish plaster and cement undercoat from applying plaster over a wet undercoat or lack of keying. Stripping and re-plastering is needed after drying.
3. Cracking occurs from structural movement or drying shrinkage. Structural cracks follow building cracks while drying cracks are hairline. High cement or rapid drying can cause non-structural cracks.
This document provides information on different types of tiles used in construction, including roofing tiles, flooring tiles, wall tiles, drain tiles, and sewer pipes. It describes the characteristics and manufacturing of tiles, the glazing process, and the installation process for tile flooring which involves measuring the floor, purchasing tile, preparing the surface, laying out and installing the tiles, cutting as needed, finishing edges, applying grout, and sealing the grout. The document is from a course on construction materials and finishes.
The document discusses different types of mortar used in construction. It defines mortar as a mixture of a binding material, fine aggregate, and water. Common binding materials include cement and lime. Mortars are classified by their binding material, such as cement mortar, lime mortar, and mud mortar. Specialty mortars include fire resistant mortar, lightweight mortar, and chemical resistant mortar which are formulated for specific applications. The document outlines the proper mixing and application of different mortars.
This document discusses various types of flooring and wall cladding materials used in construction. It provides information on exterior and interior insulation finishing systems, roofing materials, waterproofing treatments, damp proofing, and terminite proofing. It also describes different stone flooring options like Shahabad stone, Kota stone, and marble stone flooring. Additional flooring materials discussed include chequered tiles, glazed tiles, block paving, terrazzo tiles, and various types of floor finishes.
Jointing refers to finishing joints as brickwork proceeds, while pointing finishes raked joints after completion. Common joint profiles include half-round tooled, flush, raked or square-recessed, and weatherstruck. Jointing tools shape joints, with timing depending on brick suction and weather. Pointing involves raking joints and finishing them after brickwork is complete, sometimes using colored mortar mixes for aesthetic effects. Careful joint finishing is important for neat internal and external angles.
What is pointing?
Scope of pointing
Method of pointing
What is plastering?
Objective of plastering
Lime plaster
Cement plaster
Gypsum plaster (plaster of Paris)
Water proof plaster of Mortar
Heat resistant plasters
Defects in plastering
1.Stretcher bond
2.Header bond
3.English bond and
4.Flemish bond.
This document discusses properties of concrete and compaction methods. It covers the importance of compacting concrete to remove air voids and increase strength. Methods of compaction include manual techniques like rodding and tamping as well as mechanical vibration using internal and external vibrators. Improper vibration can lead to defects like honeycombing or segregation. Newer techniques like self-compacting concrete use superplasticizers to reduce the need for external vibration during pouring and placement.
The document discusses various surface finishing techniques used to protect and decorate building materials. It describes the purpose of surface finishes as protecting surfaces from weathering, providing a smooth appearance, and creating an aesthetically pleasing look. Several types of plasters, paints, and washes are used as covering materials. The document also defines important technical terms related to surface finishes and plastering techniques, including cement plastering, lime plastering, mud plastering, stucco plastering, and moghul plastering. It provides details on applying coats, curing times, and suitability of each plastering method. Pointing and different types of joints in buildings are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of different types of flooring materials and their characteristics. It discusses traditional flooring materials like mud, brick, stone and wooden flooring. It also covers modern materials like cement concrete, terrazzo, tile, marble, vinyl and glass flooring. For each type, it provides details on their composition, construction process, advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses different structural systems for reinforced concrete floors like simple slab, beam-slab and flat slab flooring, as well as pre-cast concrete floors.
This presentation discusses plastering and provides details on materials, tools, types of plaster, and procedures. It introduces plastering as a process of covering rough surfaces with a plastic material to create smooth, durable coatings. The main types of plaster covered are lime, cement, mud, and stucco plaster. Procedures for cement plastering including surface preparation, application of preliminary, first, and second coats are outlined. Common plastering issues like cracking, efflorescence, filling out, and blowing are defined along with solutions. Advantages of durability and ease of application are balanced with disadvantages of repair costs and potential for cracking.
Chapter 4 (d) hollow concrete block masonryKHUSHBU SHAH
The document discusses hollow concrete blocks used in construction. Some key points:
- Hollow concrete blocks are large rectangular bricks made of Portland cement, sand, and gravel aggregates. They come in various standard sizes for different uses.
- Blocks are manufactured using a cement to aggregate ratio of 1:6, with sand and gravel aggregates sized 6-12mm. They are molded, cured for 7 days, and should have a minimum compressive strength of 4N/mm2.
- Advantages of hollow concrete block masonry include lighter weight for easier handling, faster construction, and increased floor area due to thinner walls.
This document provides an introduction to brick walling for stonemasons. It describes common bricklaying tools such as hammers and jointers. It also details brick dimensions, identification of faces, common types of bricks, mortar beds and joints, bonding patterns such as stretcher and English bond, and basic bricklaying techniques like building to gauge. References are provided for images used from external sources.
This document discusses various methods of damp-proofing and waterproofing buildings. It defines damp-proofing as preventing moisture from rising through walls, floors, and basements, while waterproofing refers to preventing water leakage from roofs. Common sources of dampness include rising ground moisture, rain splashing, and poor drainage. Dampness can cause issues like efflorescence, plaster damage, and mold growth. Methods of damp-proofing discussed include membrane barriers like bitumen and plastic sheets, integral waterproof concrete additives, and surface treatments to fill pores. Flexible, semi-rigid and rigid damp proof course materials are also outlined.
The document discusses damp proof courses (DPC), which are barriers made of impervious materials built into walls and piers to prevent moisture from moving within the building. A DPC is laid into a brick wall approximately two courses below the lowest timber member, such as a bearer. Damp proofing in construction uses moisture control methods applied to walls and floors to prevent damp problems from occurring inside buildings, including membrane damp proofing, integral damp proofing, surface treatments, guniting, and cavity wall construction.
Tiles have been used for thousands of years to cover floors, walls, and roofs. They are manufactured from raw materials like clay, glass, and stone. The manufacturing process involves mixing raw materials, shaping the tiles, firing them at high temperatures, and sometimes applying a glaze. Tiles offer many advantages like durability, low maintenance, cost effectiveness, water resistance, and increasing home resale value. There are various types of tiles including ceramic, stone, glass, vinyl, and plastic tiles that are used for floors, walls, countertops, and roofs. Tiles continue to be a popular building material due to their attractive appearance and functional properties.
Details of Construction course presentation on Roofs and Floors , broadly discuss by definition , types with photo and cool animation .
Highly recommended for download then slide show otherwise you'll miss animation effect with some details .
#For_Basic_knowledge_on_construction_of_roofs_and_floors
Finishing works (Building Construction)Zairul Zaiky
This document discusses finishing works in building construction. It focuses on plastering as a type of wall finishing. Plastering functions to protect and cover basic work, produce a flat surface, protect from climate effects, provide a base for paint or tiles, increase durability, and provide comfort. Plastering of internal walls involves base and finish coat layers applied with trowels, while external walls involve thicker, rougher base and finish coats. Different types of materials like cement, lime, sand, and water are used for plastering. Floor finishes can also include tiles made from materials like thermoplastic, vinyl, cork, clay, quarry, and terrazzo.
This document provides information on brick masonry, including the components, properties, types, and bonds used. It defines key terms like stretcher, header, lap, perpend, bed, and various types of closers. It describes the classification of bricks based on field practice, strength, use, finish, manufacture, burning, and type. The types of bonds covered include stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, Flemish bond, and their essential features. Mortars are classified as cement, lime, lime-surkhi, mud, and lime-cement. The document is a comprehensive reference on brick masonry.
This document discusses causes of dampness in buildings and methods of damp proofing. The main causes of dampness are moisture rising up walls from the ground, rain penetrating external walls and roofs, and condensation. Effects of dampness include unhealthy conditions, damage to building materials and structures, and deterioration of electrical fittings. Methods of damp proofing discussed are using damp proof courses, integral damp proofing of concrete, cavity wall construction, surface treatments, guniting, and pressure grouting.
This document discusses various methods of damp proofing buildings to prevent moisture leakage. It describes common causes of dampness like rain, ground moisture, and condensation. Effects of dampness include damage to walls, electrical issues, and health problems. Methods of damp proofing discussed are using a damp proof course, integral damp proofing of concrete, surface treatments, cavity wall construction, guniting, and pressure grouting. Common materials used for damp proofing are bitumen, mastic asphalt, bituminous asphalt, metal sheets, cement concrete and plastic sheets. Foundations can be protected from ground water using foundation drains, damp proof courses, raft slabs, and asphalt tanking.
Screeds provide a vital layer in a floor that bonds the finish people see and walk across to the concrete substrate of the building’s construction.
If properly applied and maintained then most screeds need never be seen until the building comes to the end of its life and is dismantled. However failures in the planning, application, curing or drying processes can lead to later, potentially very costly, problems.
Read Flowcrete's whitepaper for an overview of the reasons for screed failure in both commercial and industrial environments, as well as an insight into screed failure avoidance and repair.
This document summarizes common plastering defects:
1. Plaster de-bonding from the background due to background movement, poor bonding, moisture issues, or thick plaster application. Prevention involves cleaning, drying walls, and applying bonding agents.
2. Bond failure between finish plaster and cement undercoat from applying plaster over a wet undercoat or lack of keying. Stripping and re-plastering is needed after drying.
3. Cracking occurs from structural movement or drying shrinkage. Structural cracks follow building cracks while drying cracks are hairline. High cement or rapid drying can cause non-structural cracks.
The document discusses various concrete surface defects including dusting, scaling, and crazing. It provides explanations of what causes each defect, how to prevent it, and how to repair surfaces affected by the defect. For dusting, the key points are to use moderate slump concrete, not finish when bleed water is present, cure adequately, and seal surfaces. For scaling, the document recommends using air-entrained concrete, avoiding deicers for one year, and sealing surfaces. It also provides tips on how to prepare surfaces for repair.
Plastering involves covering rough surfaces with a plaster mixture to create smooth surfaces. The document discusses the process of cement plastering, which is the most common type. It involves mixing cement, sand, lime and water then applying it in layers to walls and ceilings. Proper preparation, application technique and curing time are important for achieving durable, long-lasting plastering without defects like cracks or blistering. Safety precautions should also be followed when plastering at heights.
This document discusses various methods for curing concrete, which is important for developing the concrete's strength, stability, and durability. It describes three main categories of curing methods: using impermeable membranes to minimize moisture loss; continuously wetting the surface to prevent moisture loss; and methods that keep the surface moist while also raising the temperature to increase the rate of strength gain. Specific curing methods discussed include leaving formwork in place, applying curing compounds, using internal curing compounds, water curing through ponding or sprinkling, and using wet coverings like fabrics. Proper curing requires providing adequate moisture for continued hydration over the required curing period.
This book describes concrete curing process; why the need to cure concrete works and how to deal with it. This book is among the site books one must have to perfect his/her work.
Rising damp occurs when masonry walls absorb water from the ground due to capillary action. It can rise over 1m depending on the wall material and ground conditions. Diagnosing the cause is important - it may be rising damp, rain penetration, condensation, or leaks. Treatment involves improving drainage, replacing damaged damp-proof courses, and allowing walls to dry before replastering. New methods using chemical injection or nanotechnology are being researched to more effectively treat rising damp.
Common defects that can occur during concrete construction include cracks, blowholes, honeycombing, color variation, rust stains, and lack of adequate cover of reinforcement. Cracks may be caused by plastic shrinkage, settlement, or thermal contraction. These defects can often be repaired by sealing cracks, applying mortar or resin fillers, or rendering the surface. Proper mix design, construction methods, and curing can help prevent many defects.
This document discusses various concrete curing methods including formwork, plastic sheeting, internal curing compounds, ponding, and sprinkling. Formwork and plastic sheeting can effectively cure concrete if kept moist, especially in hot dry weather. Internal curing compounds inhibit moisture loss to improve strength and reduce shrinkage. Ponding is effective for flat surfaces if a water supply is available. Sprinkling or fog curing can be used on most surfaces but require major water and drainage systems to prevent waste. The document provides details on properly applying the different curing methods.
This document discusses procedures for plastering and problems that can arise. It outlines the general plastering method which involves cleaning the surface, applying a cement/sand slurry and plaster dots for reference, then applying coats of plaster while curing between coats. Problems discussed include cracking from background movement, shrinkage or poor workmanship; bond failure from a smooth surface or moisture; and hair cracks from excessive suction or rich cement mixes.
The document discusses maintenance of grain bin roofs. It describes different types of roof coverings and decking materials used for grain bins. It then outlines four common types of damage seen on bin roofs: concrete damage, loss of coating, sediment on hard-to-access areas, and corrosion. For each type of damage, it provides details on the necessary repair work. The document also discusses options for roof replacement or repair, including single-ply and liquid-applied membranes.
Fissures are sealed with hot sealant to prevent water from further damaging the pavement.
Because the sealant will adhere to the asphalt, no water or other substances will be able
to seep through and take advantage of the cracks in your pavement. One of the biggest
mistakes individuals make is delaying the sealing of pavement cracks for an excessive
amount of time. Over time, cracks will only get wider. A small crack that formerly
threatened your entire pavement surface may quickly turn into a pothole or an alligator
crack.
There are several common causes of dampness in buildings, including rain penetration, poor drainage, and defective construction materials or techniques. To prevent dampness, damp proof courses or membranes can be installed to form impervious barriers between floors, walls, and the ground. Surface treatments using waterproof plasters or paints can seal exterior surfaces. Integral treatments involve adding damp-proofing compounds to building materials like concrete and mortar. Properly installing damp proof courses, using waterproof finishes, and including damp-proofing additives can effectively prevent dampness in buildings.
There are several common causes of dampness in buildings, including rain penetration, poor drainage, and defective construction materials or techniques. To prevent dampness, it is important to use a damp proof course (DPC) or damp proof membrane (DPM) to block the rising of moisture from the ground. Other techniques include waterproof surface treatments and using integral damp proofing compounds in concrete or mortar. Proper site selection, building orientation, construction methods, and materials can also help reduce dampness in structures.
Problems faced by building by moisture or precipitation.pptxKashif390970
Moisture problems occur when excess moisture accumulates or becomes trapped in a part of a building that should be dry. They can happen in just about any building, new or old, and usually occur because of design oversights, construction errors or improper maintenance.
This document discusses various methods and materials for waterproofing buildings. It describes common waterproofing materials like polyurethane liquid membranes, cementitious coatings, EPDM rubber, bituminous membranes, PVC, and thermoplastics. It also outlines methods for waterproofing basements, roofs, floors, toilets, and bathrooms. These include interior/exterior drainage systems and vapor barriers. Sheet and liquid-applied membrane waterproofing options are presented along with their advantages.
This document provides an overview of moisture and dampness in buildings. It defines dampness as excess moisture entering a building through floors, walls, or roofs. It identifies four main types of dampness based on moisture movement: rising damp, penetration damp, condensation damp, and outlines their causes. The effects of dampness include aesthetic issues, dry rot, corrosion, and health hazards. Remedial measures discussed include damp proof courses, waterproofing, and special techniques. Practical advice is given to reduce excessive moisture through proper ventilation and drainage, and timely repairs.
A Guide To Internal Lime Plastering
The successful application, bonding and correct hardening of hydraulic lime mortars, requires that the background should be clean, free from vegetation, free of contaminants and reasonably dry throughout the wall mass. The wall should be structurally sound and the masonry and bedding mortars in good condition.
DISTRESS AND DEFECTS ON ROAD PAVEMENT.pptxAshmajitMandal
The document discusses various types of failures and defects that can occur in road pavements, including rutting, cracking, potholes, bleeding, raveling, stripping, corrugation and shoving. It provides detailed descriptions of each failure mode, possible causes, problems they cause, and repair methods. Some common failure modes discussed are fatigue cracking, alligator cracking, transverse cracking, block cracking, rutting caused by insufficient compaction or mix design issues, and potholes formed from water and traffic damage over time.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
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Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
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The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
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Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
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REPORT ON PLASTERING
1. CASE STUDY : PLASTERING
What is a Case Study?
A case study analysis requires you to
investigate a business problem, examine the
alternative solutions, and propose the most
effective solution using supporting evidence.
A case study should include background
information on the specific topic, an analysis
of the case under study showing problems or
effective strategies, as well as
recommendations. A case study can focus on
a business or entire industry, a specific
project or program, or a person.
2. what is plastering ?
This is a process of covering rough surface with a plastic
material to obtain an even, smooth, regular, clean &
durable surface.
– A mixture of lime or gypsum, sand, water, sometimes with
fiber added, that hardness to a smooth solid and is used for
coating walls & ceilings.
– The word ”PLASTER” comes from the Greek language
meaning ‘to daub on’.
3. PLASTERING MATERIALS
i. Cement
ii. Lime or clay
iii. Aggregates
iv. Water
v. Accelerator
vi. Admixture
TYPES OF PLASTER :
I. Lime plaster
II. Cement plaster
III. Mud plaster
IV. Stucco plaster
V. Plaster on lath
4. SPECIAL TYPES OF FINISHING :
a) Smooth cast
b) Rough cast
c) Pebble cast
d) Scrapped finish
e) Textured finish
ADVANTAGES OF PLASTERING :
a. Easy in application.
b. No surgery is required.
c. Plaster is the most common form of interior wall finishing.
d. If property mixed and applied, a plaster coating creats a
stronger and more durable.
5. DISADVANTAGES OF PLASTERING :
a. when plaster cracks then difficult to repair.
b. Repairing is very expansive.
c. Despite the extra labor of hanging and finishing
drywall, it tends to be less expansive than
plastering
6. Maintenance and Remedial Work
Many plasterwork problems result from factors
independent of the materials used or the techniques
employed in plastering operations. Examples include
dampness of plasterwork due to rain penetration or a
defective DPC, cracking as a result of background
movement, and surface dampness due to hygroscopic salts.
Whatever the defect, it is essential that the primary cause
is identified and rectified before the plasterwork is
replaced. The main types of defect together with
recommended remedial treatments are listed below.
7. PLASTERING DEFECTS REMEDIES
Bond failure between plasterwork and
background
This is often the result of background
movement or deflection. However, it can also
be due to a weak bond caused by poor keying
of the background, inadequate control of
suction, use of the wrong grade of plaster or
the presence of residual moisture in the
structure.
When movement has ceased or the residual
moisture has been removed, the affected
plasterwork including any suspect areas should
be removed. The background should be
prepared and a coat of Thistle Bond-it applied
prior to the application of a suitable grade of
plaster
Bond failure between finish plaster and
sand/cement undercut
This takes the form of flaking, blistering,
curling or shelling of the plaster finish. It
normally results from applying plaster over a
‘green’ undercoat (i.e. insufficient time
allowed for the sand/cement undercoat to
complete its drying shrinkage) and/or
inadequate scratching of the undercoat surface
to provide a mechanical key. It can also be
caused by local exposure to excessive heat.
The affected plasterwork should be stripped
off. Re-plastering can take place once the
background is thoroughly dry after first
applying Thistle Bond-it in accordance
8. PLASTERING DEFECTS REMEDIES
Cracking
This is usually due to movement in the
background/surrounding structure or to drying
shrinkage in sand/cement undercoats. When
the cracking is due to movement, it takes the
form of localized cracks taking a definite line.
On walls, they commonly appear around lintels
and window sills due to settlement and/or
thermal movement. When cracking results
from drying shrinkage, it takes the form of
hair-line cracks on the surface of the finish
plaster.
Localized cracks due to movement can be ‘cut
out’ and filled once movement has ceased.
Otherwise, the recommendations given for
bond failures should be followed.
9. PLASTERING DEFECTS REMEDIES
Crazing/dry-out of finish
plaster In hot weather conditions, or in
situations where the finish plaster has been
applied exceptionally thin, rapid drying out of
the plaster can occur before it has properly set.
This can result in a soft and powdery surface.
The problems can also be caused by excessive
suction, working the plaster past its setting
point or excessive draught during setting.
The plasterwork should be stripped off and any
dust removed from the undercoat surface prior
to re-plastering. Apply Thistle Bond-it
Dampness within the plaster
This can result from rain penetration, moisture
ingress, defective defective PC or poor drying
conditions preventing the plaster from drying
out.
The source of the problem must be identified
and corrected and the plasterwork allowed to
dry out. If the plasterwork fails to develop
adequate strength, it will need to be removed,
followed by suitable background preparation
and re-plastering.
10. PLASTERING DEFECTS REMEDIES
Efflorescence
It is solvable salt are present in bricks or
the mortar they absorb moisture.
From atmosphere and go in to solution
which appears on the surface in the form
of whitish substance as the moisture dries
out and the salts crystallize.
Remove of efflorescence by applying a
solution zinc sulphate and water and
brushing of the surface when dry.
11. PLASTER DEFECTS REMEDIES
Surface dampness
This is usually due to condensation which can
form on new plasterwork due to problems
caused by inadequate heating and ventilation.
Condensation: The cause of the dampness
must be eliminated and the plasterwork and
the background allowed to dry out completely.
If due to poor heating and ventilation, these
will need to be addressed accordingly.
Hygroscopic salts: If dampness is persistent,
consideration should be given to an effective
treatment followed by isolating the
background from the room surface by
installing an independent plasterboard lining
such as Gyproc GypLyner or Gyplyner IWL.