This document discusses various aspects of critical reading such as: - Critical reading involves carefully analyzing a text to understand its meaning and assess its merits. This includes understanding the author's intent, structure, word choices, and more. - There are explicit details directly stated in the text as well as implicit details not directly stated that require reading between the lines. - Claims can be of fact, value, or policy and should be argumentative, specific, interesting, and logical. - Critical reading skills include distinguishing fact from opinion, identifying purpose and tone, and making inferences. Context and how texts reference or are modeled on each other is also important for understanding.

1. Say something about the picture…

2. Critical Reading as Looking for
ways of thinking

3. What does Critical Reading mean?

4. What is Critical Reading?
 Critical reading is the close, careful reading of a text that is undertaken in
order to understand it fully and assess its merits.
 It involves asking questions about the author’s intention, the text’s structure
and purpose, and the meanings of individual words and phrases.

5. Two Kinds of Information:
 Explicit Information is the information stated in the text. Readers can see
the piece of information stated in the given passage.
 Implicit information is the information not directly presented in the text.
As readers, we need to read between the lines to understand the details
that the writer is trying to tell us.

6. What is a Claim?

7. Tiongson (2016) gave the following
characteristics of good claims:
1. A claim should be argumentative and debatable.
2. A claim should be specific and focused.
3. A claim should be interesting and engaging.
4. A claim should be logical.

8. Kinds of Claims:

9. Examples of Claims of Fact
 The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
 Generally, obesity causes health problems.
 Neil Armstrong was the first man to step on the moon.
 The first Mindanaoan President is Rodrigo Duterte.
 The earth is warming rapidly.

11. Examples of Claims of Value
 It is better to be feared than loved.
 Cheating is not good.
 Gay marriage is immoral.
 Buying a house is a lot better than building it.
 Rock music sucks.
 The government is doing a great job during the Covid-19
pandemic

13. Examples of Claims of Policy
 The mayor should suspend the classes today.
 You must send your children to public schools.
 The government should legalize medicinal marijuana.
 The Boy Scouts should not have to include gay scout leaders.
 Local Malls should not open during the general community quarantine.

14. Goals of Critical Reading…
Prentice Hall has enumerated the following critical reading skills:
 The ability to distinguish between fact and opinion
 The ability to identify the author’s purpose
 The ability to recognize the author’s tone
 The ability to make inferences

15. Making Inferences
 An inference is an idea or conclusion that’s drawn from
evidence and reasoning.

16. A conclusion is a decision you reach that makes sense
after you think about the details or facts that you have
read.
 Imagine you are walking down the street and you come across a house
with overgrown grass that reaches waist-height, no lights in the
windows, and the paint that is peeling off the siding.
 What might you think about this house?
Let’s think of this…

17. “No one has lived there in a very long time.”

18. You adopt a puppy from the shelter and he seems
nervous and scared. He hides from loud noises and
had some noticeable scars.

19. Context of Text Development
 Being a critical reader also involves understanding that texts
are always developed with a certain context.

20. What is Context?
 Context is defined as the social, cultural, political, historical, and other
related circumstances that surround the texts and form the terms from
which it can be better understood and evaluated.
 It also refers to the occasion or situation that informs the reader about
why a document was written.

21. The two ways in identifying the context of
text development
Hypertext and Intertext

22.  Hypertext is text which contains links to other texts. The term was coined by Ted Nelson
around 1965. It is when you type a word and attach a link to that word so that upon clicking on
that word, the reader is sent to the site attached.
Hypertext is the foundation of the World Wide Web
enabling users to click on link to obtain more information
on a subsequent page on the same site or from website
anywhere in the world.
What is HYPERTEXT?

23. • It’s simply a text that directs users to a link.
• It refers to the keywords that are usually represented
with the blue type and displays the info of the subject
of interest when clicked or hover upon.

24. Hypertext contains…
 Hypertext materials include pictures, video materials animated
and audio illustrations. All those possibilities make hypertext
materials content high and suitable for educational purposes.
 Hypertext connects topic on a screen to related information,
graphics, videos, and music – information is not simply related
to text.

26. Intertext…
 It is defined as the connections between language,
images, characters, themes, or subjects depending on
their similarities in language, genre and discourse.
 Intertextuality is also the modelling of a text’s meaning
by another text.

29. Below are examples of many famous writings that
employ the use of intertextuality:
 1. The main plotline of Disney’s The Lion King is a take on
Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
 2. The structure of James Joyce’s Ulysses is modeled after Homer’s Odyssey.
 3. J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series makes use of T.H. White’s The Sword in the
Stone, C. S. Lewis’s The Chronicles of Narnia, and J.R.R. Tolkien’s Lord of the
Rings.
 4. Jane Smiley’s A Thousand Acres is a contemporary retelling of
Shakespeare’s King Lear.

30. Textual Evidence
 Textual evidence is information gathered from the text that supports your assertion or
counterclaim about the text.
 It refers to any proof of an argument, a claim, a counterclaim, an assertion cited in the text leading
to a conclusion.

31. In expressing your judgment about the
text,
 First, state your idea about the text.
 To determine evidence from the text, look for clues and keywords that
support your idea about the text.
 Quote or paraphrase the part of the text that helped you come up with
your idea.
 Use quotation marks to quote a part of the text. If it is from a book,
indicate the page number at the end of your sentence.
 Lastly, express how the quote supports your idea.

32. Types of textual evidence:
 Referencing. This is the act of mentioning a specific section of the text like an event or action.
Examples:
1. According to Fussell, „The Oxford Book of English Verse presides over the Great War in a way that
has never been fully appreciated’ (159).
2. Strickland tells the story of Minty Nelson, a 27-year-old Seattle University employee and student,
whose encounter with a census worker epitomizes the identity battle faced constantly by multiracial
people.

33. Paraphrasing. This is restating an author’s or someone
else’s work using your own words without losing the original
idea of the text.

34. Summarizing. This is stating the essential
together of the text in a shorter way.

35. Quoting. This is stating a part of a text in
the exact way it was written.
 Examples:
1. Samantha King, a forensic specialist, stated that ―DNA evidence is
usually indisputable.
2. According to Confucius, ―You can’t open a book without learning
something.

36. References:
 https://www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-apply-literary-inspiration-to-your-writing#7-examples-of-intertextuality
 Explicitand Implicit Information. Retrieved from
https://link.quipper.com/en/organizations/547ffb8bd2b76d0002002 618/curricul um#curriculum
 McGaan, L. PhD. (2016). Argumentation. Retrieved from
https://department.monm.edu/cata/mcgaan/classes/cata335/Oclai ms.335.html Olivieri, P. (n.d.). How to Teach Text Evidence:
A Step-by- Step Guide. [online] Rockin Resources. Available at:
https://blog.teacherspayteachers.com/teach-textevidence/ [Accessed 28 Aug. 2019].
 Perez, R.E. (2014). Exit essay: Save the Filipino language. Retrieved from http://rjaperez.tumblr.com/post/95149266012/exit-
essay-save- the-filipinolanguage
 Reid, S. (n.d). Claims for Written Argument. Available @ https://www.mesacc.edu/~paoih30491/ArgumentSampleClaimofFact
Def.html Dayagbil, Felomina, et. Al (2016). Critical Reading and Writing for the Senior High School. Lorimar Publishing,
Inc., Quezon City.
 http://ollie.dcccd.edu/Services/StudyHelp/StudySkills/sub/rdgcri.ht m https://www.slideshare.net/marykatrinebelino/critical-
reading-as- reasoning- 7847430

37. Thank you for listening! 