This document provides an overview of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) in agriculture. It discusses the history and processes of remote sensing and GIS. Remote sensing involves collecting data from aircraft or satellites using sensors, while GIS involves capturing, storing, analyzing and displaying spatially referenced data on a map. The document outlines various applications of remote sensing and GIS in agriculture such as crop monitoring and yield estimation. It also presents case studies on using these technologies for agro-advisory services, locust monitoring, and land suitability analysis for crops. In conclusion, remote sensing and GIS are useful tools for solving agricultural problems by identifying issues like pests and diseases and enabling change detection over time.

2. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System
(GIS) in Agriculture
Doctoral Seminar
Research Guide
Dr. P.S. Kapse
Associate Professor
Dept. of Agril. Extension Education
VNMKV, Parbhani
Presented By
Dawane V.T.
Ph.D. Scholar
Dept. of Agril. Extension Education
VNMKV, Parbhani
Seminar Incharge
Dr. S.R. Jakkawad
Associate Professor
Dept. of Agril. Extension Education
VNMKV, Parbhani

3. History & Introduction of Remote Sensing
Process & types of Remote Sensing
Applications of Remote Sensing in
different field and Agriculture
History & Introduction of
Geographic Information System
Process & Components of GIS
Data types In GIS
Data Models In GIS
Applications of GIS
Case Studies of Remote Sensing &
GIS & Success Story
Flow of Content

4. Collage of pigeons with Julius Neubronner's cameras and
three aerial photos taken by the method. The photos were
taken in the early 1900s in Germany.
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS) at
Dehradun 21 April,1966
History of Remote Sensing
National Remote Sensing Centre , 1974

5. What is Remote Sensing ?
 Remote means away.
 Remote sensing means sensing things from distance.
 It is an art and science of obtaining useful information about
an object without being in physical contact with it.
 Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring
the physical characteristics of an area by measuring its
reflected and emitted radiation at a distance (typically from
satellite or aircraft). Special cameras collect remotely sensed
images, which help researchers "sense" things about the
Earth.
 Remote sensing is the use of satellites, planes and other aerial
technologies using advanced sensor technologies able to
detect energy reflected from the Earth's surface.

6. Process of Remote Sensing
In Remote Sensing (RS), the process
involves an interaction between
radiation and the targets of interest.
Their are following eight elements are
involved in RS process.
1. Energy Source (A)
2. Radiation and the Atmosphere (B)
3. Interaction with the Target (C)
4. Recording of Energy by the Sensor
(D)
5. Transmission and Reception &
Data Processing (E)
6. Interpretation and Analysis (F)
7. Application (G)

7. Fig. 1: Ground-Based
Platform- tripod stands
Ground-level platform
(towers and cranes),
Platform of Remote Sensing
Fig. 3: Space-Based Platform
Spaceborne platforms (satellites).
Fig. 2: Airborne Platform
Aerial platforms (Helicopters,
aircraft, drone, ballons)

8. 1. Passive remote sensing System
 System which measures energy that is naturally
available.
( Natural energy source) Ex- Sun
 Passive sensors gather radiation that is emitted or
reflected by the object or surrounding areas.
Reflected sunlight is the most common source of
radiation measured by passive sensors.
 Examples- film photography, infrared, charge-
coupled devices, and radiometers.
2. Active remote sensing System
 Active energy source emits energy in order to scan
objects and areas whereupon a sensor then detects
and measures the radiation that is reflected from the
target.
 Examples solar RADAR , SLAR, SAR (where the
time delay between emission and return is
measured, establishing the location, speed and
direction of an object)
Types of Remote Sensing

9. Applications of Remote Sensing in Natural Resource Management
Mapping of land use / land
cover Forest
Water resources

10. Applications Of Remote Sensing In Agriculture
1.Crops nutrient deficiency detection
2.Water resource mapping
3.Soil moisture estimation
4.Crop production forecasting
5.Crop identification
6.Crop acreage estimation
7. Crop yield modelling and estimation
8. Assessment of crop damage and crop progress
9.Identification of pest and disease infestation
10.Monitoring of droughts
11. Monitoring & predicting Climate changes
11. Observing and Monitoring Crops
12. Observing Soil Conditions
13. Monitoring Water Conditions
14. Predicting Weather Conditions
15. Observing Air Quality
16. Precision Farming

11.  Satellite images are permanent records,
providing useful information in various
wave lengths.
 Large area coverage enables regional
surveys on a variety of themes and
identification of large features.
 Repetitive coverage allows monitoring
of dynamic themes like water,
agriculture etc.
 Amenability of remotely sensed data
for fast processing using a computer.
 The images are analysed in the
laboratory thus reducing the amount of
field work.
Advantages of Remote Sensing Dis-advantages of Remote Sensing
 Expensive to build and operate
 Data interpretation can be difficult
 Need to understandtheoretically
how the instrument is making the
measurement
 Measurement uncertainty can be
large
 Expensive for small areas,
particularly for one time analysis.

12. Limitations to Remote Sensing In Agriculture
 Small size of plots.
 Extensive cloud cover during the rainy season.
 Inter cropping & mixed cropping practices.

13.  The field of geographic information systems
(GIS) started in the 1960s.
 The First GIS - Roger Tomlinson (Father of
GIS) work with Canada Land Inventory
(CLI) in 1962 & resulted in the first
computerized GIS in the world in 1963.
 GIS in the 1980s by having its own Indian
Remote Sensing satellites and image-based
mapping and creating GIS databases and
applications.
History of Geographic Information System (GIS)

14.  A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a
computer system that analyzes and displays
geographically referenced information.
 A geographic information system (GIS) is a
computer system for capturing, storing,
checking, and displaying data related to
positions on Earth’s surface.

Geographic Information System (GIS)

15. Capture
Data
Register
Map
Base
Convert
Data to
Digital
Format
Interpret
Data
Store
Data in
Computer
Process
Data
Display
Results
Process of Geographic Information System (GIS)

16. Components of Geographic Information System (GIS)

17. 1. Spatial Data
2. Attribute Data / Non-spatial Data
Data types In Geographic
Information System (GIS)
Data Models In Geographic
Information System (GIS)
Data models are a set of rules and/or
constructs used to describe and represent
aspects of the real world in a computer.
1. Vector Data Model
2. Raster Data Model
3. Triangulated Irregular Network Data
Model (TIN)
4. Digital Elevation Data Model (DEM)
5. Network Model

18. Applications of Geographic Information System (GIS)

20. Case Studies of Remote Sensing & Geographic Information System
(GIS)

21.  Department of Agricultural Meteorology in VNMKV,
Parbhani came into existence during the year 2000-01.
ICAR funded plan project AICRP on Agrometeorology
was started during the year 1994-95, for Marathwada
region. Weather based agro-advisory services for farmers
of region were initiated form last 3 years for Parbhani,
Nanded, Beed, Jalna , Latur , Hingoli districts (62 blocks)
on each Tuesday & Friday & data collected from ISRO,
Ahmadabad by preparing Crop Weather Calender.
 Central Govt funded project "Gramin Krishi Mausam
Seva Yojana“ was started by the Ministry of Earth
Sciences in 2015 to provide crop-specific advice to
farmers twice a week at district level i) Verification of
numerical weather prediction (NWP) products with real
time weather conditions. ii) Providing of operational
advise to the farmers in crop management for doing the
farm operation under likely weather conditions in addition
Case Study - 1 Agro- Advisory Service
Gramin Krishi Mausam Seva Yojana,
AICRP
IMD Department, VNMKV, Parbhani

24. Case Study - 2

25. Case Study - 3

26. This study is for selecting suitable areas for crops using a
multi- criteria evaluation using GIS tools and techniques.
Remote sensing provided the satellite data which had been
further used to delineate information like slope, land use/land
cover. Different land quality parameters such as soil texture,
slope, depth to water level, lithology, geomorphology, etc. had
been integrated in the GIS environment. Weightage had been
provided to each class of each parameters and weightage
overlay had; been done to achieve suitability map. Then
Weightage overlay has been performed to achieve the suitability
index map. Further reclassification of suitability index map has
been performed to obtain suitability map. Suitability map has
five classes namely very highly suitable, highly suitable,
moderately suitable, least suitable, and not suitable.
Keywords: Land Suitability Analysis; Multi-Criteria Decision Making; Remote Sensing & GIS.
Case Study - 4

27. Classes Location Area
(sq.
km)
%
Are
a
Very
Highly
Suitable
North-west to middle part of
Seoni block
352.80 4.03
Highly
Suitable
Western part of Barghat
block, through-out Seoni
block except some middle
part, north-west and north-
east parts of Keolari block,
some patches in southern
part of Ghansaur block
2421.8
5
27.
66
Moderately
Suitable
Southern middle part of
Lakhnadaun block, North-
west and south-east part of
Kuri block, Major part of
Dhanaura block, South-east
part of Keolari block
2985.8
1
34.
11
Least
Suitable
Major part of Ghansaur,
Lakhnadaun, chhapara,
Kuri,
and some part of Keolari
and Barghat blocks
2910.1
2
33.
24
Not
Suitable
Middle part of Kuri block
and south-west part of
Keolari block
83.87 0.96
Results

28. Mr. Ashok Baburao Salgode , Dampuri Village , Parbhani
District, Maharashtra
He got Best Farmer Award from ICAR- CRIDA, Hyderabad
on the occasion of 39 th Foundation Day -2023
Land
Crop – Watermelon
He learned about how to use satellite technology related
information from weather forecasting.
Success Story

30.  It is an art and science of obtaining useful information about an object without being in
physical contact with it.
 Types of remote sensing are passive remote sensing system & active remote sensing
system.
 Remote sensing is useful to solve the problems through identification of pests &
disease.
 Change detection is possible by remote sensing in less time with better accuracy.
 GIS is a computer system for capturing, storing, checking & displaying data related to
positions on earth’s surface.
 The two basic data models of GIS are Raster & Vector. Other important data models
are TIN ( Triangular Irregular Network) & DEM (Digital Elevation Model).
Conclusion

31. References
 Weather Forecasting : Agro- Meterology Advisory Service (Gramin Krishi Mausam
Seva Yojana, AICRP , IMD Department) VNMKV, Parbhani
 National Agricultural Higher Education Project , VNMKV, Parbhani- Application of
Remote Sensing & GIS in Agcriculture
 Using Remote-Sensing expertise to identify the duration of Locust attacks as well as
assess the intensity of damages done by Locusts on crops- An India Case Study.
 Sandeep Kumar, Utpal Biswas, Mobin Ahmad, Sheetal Kumari : An Integrated
Approach for Land Suitability Analysis for Agriculture through Remote Sensing and
GIS- A case Study of Seoni District (MP), India. International Journal for Research in
Applied Science & Engineering Technolgy (IJRASET).
 Agrowon News paper – 6 June, 2023