Radar and satellites use remote sensing to transform electromagnetic radiation into electrical signals. Meteorologists use radar to detect precipitation by analyzing radio wave reflection off raindrops, snowflakes, etc. Different reflection amounts are transformed into false color images representing precipitation rates and types. Similarly, satellites detect sea ice changes by how radio waves scatter. The document then describes assembling a model remote sensing satellite using an LED, barrier strip, and multimeter to detect light intensities from different paper colors and create a false color landscape image.
Passive remote sensing is a class of Remote Sensing that make use of Passive Remote Sensors. The sensors are used to detect natural radiations that are emitted by the object or by its surrounding areas. The most common source of energy that is measured by Passive Remote Sensors is “Reflected Sunlight”.
As in the modern days this Presentation covers the breif description about the introduction of Remote Sensing to the students of Civil Engineering with Basic concepts
Passive remote sensing is a class of Remote Sensing that make use of Passive Remote Sensors. The sensors are used to detect natural radiations that are emitted by the object or by its surrounding areas. The most common source of energy that is measured by Passive Remote Sensors is “Reflected Sunlight”.
As in the modern days this Presentation covers the breif description about the introduction of Remote Sensing to the students of Civil Engineering with Basic concepts
This presentation consist of remote sensing, types of remote sensing and also about the radiometers systems. I have also discussed about the types of radiometers system and how it work. I have also discussed about the principle on which it works. Also I have discussed about the applications .
Use of internal sensors of tablets and smarphones in physics #scichallenge2017Matouš Pikous
In my project I tried to find how tablets and smartphones can be used in physics lessons and then how many advantages they can bring. I focused on two of the internal sensors measuring quantities. I described those two sensors to details and I figured out two experiments which could be practised at school lessons. The first sensor is an accelerometer, which is a common sensor in most portable devices and which can be used in many different ways. The second sensor is magnetic field sensor because students do not know it but it can be useful in physics lessons. #scichallenge2017
Introduction, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic distance measurement, types of EDM instruments, electronic digital theodolites, total station, digital levels, scanners for topographical survey, global positioning system.
The World runs on Energy. Energy is One of the basic need without which nothing exists. In this paper the role Nantenna system in transforming thermal and solar energy into electricity. Nanoantenna’s Target the mid infrared rays where Photovoltaic cells become inefficient. Infrared radiation is one of the rich energy source. It is also generated by industry people. Solar cells become inefficient during night times or when there is no light but Nantenna even work at night times. The operating mechanism, production is illustrated. Differences, Applications, Advantages and limitations of Nantenna is discussed in the paper. By this cutting-edge technology Free and Clean Energy can be utilized to the maximum extent.
This presentation consist of remote sensing, types of remote sensing and also about the radiometers systems. I have also discussed about the types of radiometers system and how it work. I have also discussed about the principle on which it works. Also I have discussed about the applications .
Use of internal sensors of tablets and smarphones in physics #scichallenge2017Matouš Pikous
In my project I tried to find how tablets and smartphones can be used in physics lessons and then how many advantages they can bring. I focused on two of the internal sensors measuring quantities. I described those two sensors to details and I figured out two experiments which could be practised at school lessons. The first sensor is an accelerometer, which is a common sensor in most portable devices and which can be used in many different ways. The second sensor is magnetic field sensor because students do not know it but it can be useful in physics lessons. #scichallenge2017
Introduction, electromagnetic spectrum, electromagnetic distance measurement, types of EDM instruments, electronic digital theodolites, total station, digital levels, scanners for topographical survey, global positioning system.
The World runs on Energy. Energy is One of the basic need without which nothing exists. In this paper the role Nantenna system in transforming thermal and solar energy into electricity. Nanoantenna’s Target the mid infrared rays where Photovoltaic cells become inefficient. Infrared radiation is one of the rich energy source. It is also generated by industry people. Solar cells become inefficient during night times or when there is no light but Nantenna even work at night times. The operating mechanism, production is illustrated. Differences, Applications, Advantages and limitations of Nantenna is discussed in the paper. By this cutting-edge technology Free and Clean Energy can be utilized to the maximum extent.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
2. Meteorologists use radar
to study the reflection of radio waves
from raindrops, sleet, and snowflakes
to determine rates and types of precipitation.
http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/02mar_rainandsnow.htm
3. Different amounts of reflected radio waves are
then transformed into visible colors of light.
The result is a “false color” image
of the rates and types of precipitation.
http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=en
4. This chart illustrates how visible colors of light can
represent frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
that the human eye can not “see”.
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/false_color.html
5. Radar on satellites is also used to detect changes in the
way that sea ice scatters radio waves.
Scatter data is used to produce a false color image that
indicates different ages the age of sea ice.
http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/HPDOCS/misr/misr_html/beaufort_sea_ice.html
6. Today’s Remote Sensing
Design Challenges
• Build and calibrate a model of a remote
sensing satellite.
• Create a model of a landscape using
different paper of different colors.
• Use your model of a satellite to analyze light
reflected or emitted from the landscape.
• Create a “false color” image of the model of
a landscape.
• Create a landscape from a set of remote
sensing data (if time permits).
7. Components for today’s modelComponents for today’s model
of a remote sensing satelliteof a remote sensing satellite
• A barrier strip.
• An LED that is connected to the barrier strip.
• A multimeter that can measure a voltage in
millivolts.
• Wires that connect the multimeter to the a
barrier strip.
• A paper cup that serves as a holder for the
LED.
8. The key component of a model of a
remote sensing satellite is a
light emitting diode (LED).
http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/led.htm
9. LEDs can emitLEDs can emit andand detect light.detect light.
LEDs are usually used to
emit light of a specific
wavelength.
LEDs can also transform
light into an electrical
signal.
10. An electric meter can detect the voltageAn electric meter can detect the voltage
produced by the LED that is used to detect light.produced by the LED that is used to detect light.
The voltage depends on the color of light detectedThe voltage depends on the color of light detected
by the LED and the intensity of the light.by the LED and the intensity of the light.
http://mvh.sr.unh.edu/mvhinvestigations/light_investigations.htm
11. Alligator clips of wires that connect an LED
to a multimeter usually do not make a good
connection to the thin lead wires of an LED.
A Barrier Strip can be used as a link between the LED
and the multimeter.
An LED can be connected to two terminals on one side
of a barrier strip. The alligator clip ends of connecting
wires can then be connected to two terminals on the other
side of the barrier strip.
12. Assemble a model remote sensor.
• Curl the ends of the two LED wires so they can be attached
to terminals on one side of the barrier strip. BE CAREFUL !
The ends of the wires of the LED are sharp.
• Connect the LED to two terminals on one side of the barrier
strip.
• Connect the alligator clips of two connecting wires to
terminals on the other side of the barrier strip.
• Use a screwdriver to carefully put a hole in the center of the
bottom of a paper cup. The hole needs to be big enough to
easily insert and remove the LED.
• Insert the LED into the hold in the bottom of the paper cup.
Secure the barrier strip with masking tape.
• Connect the banana plug of one of the connecting wires to
the COM terminal of the multimeter.
• Connect the banana plug of the other wire to the V/Ω
terminal of the multimeter.
• Choose a multimeter setting that will measure up to 200
millivolts.
13. Calibrating a Model of a Remote Sensing SatelliteCalibrating a Model of a Remote Sensing Satellite
• Create a stack of paper of different colors with a white sheets
of paper on top followed below by red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, and black sheets of paper.
• Move the remote sensing satellite assembly to the stack of
paper so that the open mouth of the paper cup is over the
center of the top sheet of paper.
• Turn on the multimeter.
• Adjust distance between the mouth of the paper cup and the
top sheet of paper so that a stable millivolts signal is obtained.
• Record the signal for the sheets of white paper.
• Remove the sheets of white paper to obtain the signal for red
paper.
• Continue the process of obtaining signals for paper of different
colors
• Conduct several trials of obtaining signals for different colors of
paper.
14. A Few Definitions of Voltage
Voltage is a measure of the difference of
electric potential between two points in an
electric circuit.
Voltage can also be described as the amount
of energy that is transformed (Joules of
energy per coulomb of charge).
In this activity, the LED is transforming visible
light into electrical energy
15. Create a Landscape
• Review your calibration data.
• Choose three different colors of paper
that produced distinctly different LED
voltage signals.
• Decide what type of landscape
variations you want to create.
• Use those three colors of paper to
create a landscape.
16. How will you collect data so that the data
can then be used to draw an image of the
landscape?
17. Create a False Color Image
• Choose a separate false color marker
for each color of paper used to
construct the model of a landscape.
• Review data that you collected as your
remote sensor passed over the
landscape.
• Use that data to create a “false color”
image of the landscape.
18. Analyze Another Group’s Data
(If time permits)
• Obtain a set of landscape data from another
group and attempt to construct the landscape
that they analyzed.
• Use three different colors of paper to construct
the landscape that the other group analyzed.
• Compare the landscape that you constructed
with the false color image the other group
constructed.
19. A few questions.
• How was your false color image of a landscape
similar to a false color image of precipitation used in
weather reports?
• How was your false color image of a landscape
different from a false color image of precipitation?
• How could this activity be integrated into your STEM
curriculum?
• What are some ways that students could use the
model of a remote sensing satellite to design an
investigation.