The document summarizes several major religious reformers in India between the 9th and 14th centuries who instituted reforms and spread philosophies through their teachings and writings. It describes the Advaita philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya which saw Brahman as the absolute truth and the path to liberation as realizing the illusory nature of the world. It also discusses the philosophies of Ramanujacharya (Vishishtadvaita), Madhvacharya (Dvaita), and Basaveshwara which emphasized devotion and social reforms respectively.
Topics Included:
• Biography of Lord Buddha
• Journey of Lord Buddha
• Tree of Wisdom
• Four Noble Truths preached by Lord Buddha
• Eightfold Paths of Buddha
• Lord Mahavir
• Three jewels of life
• 1st Stage of Ashrama System
• 2nd Stage of Ashrama System
• 3rd Stage of Ashrama System
• 4th Stage of Ashrama System
• Upanishads
Topics Included:
• Biography of Lord Buddha
• Journey of Lord Buddha
• Tree of Wisdom
• Four Noble Truths preached by Lord Buddha
• Eightfold Paths of Buddha
• Lord Mahavir
• Three jewels of life
• 1st Stage of Ashrama System
• 2nd Stage of Ashrama System
• 3rd Stage of Ashrama System
• 4th Stage of Ashrama System
• Upanishads
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In 1567, when Crown Prince Pratap Singh was only 27, Chittor was surrounded by the Mughal forces of Emperor Akbar. Maharana Udai Singh II decided to leave Chittor and move his family to Gogunda, rather than capitulate to the Mughals.
In Gogunda, Maharana Udai Singh II and his nobles set up a temporary government of the kindom of Mewar. In 1572, the Maharana passed away, leaving the way for Crown Prince Pratap Singh to become the Maharana.
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This presentation is prepared for the Graduation students to get basic idea and general information’s regarding the topic. Overall content of presentations is not through and complete, also required further additions.
In this file we have covered complete vedic civilization and its so understandable. we covered vedic period art& culture and completed all dimensions. origin of aryans.
Religions - Jainism: Jainism at a glance.
"Attachment and aversion are the root cause of karma, and karma originates from infatuation. Karma is the root cause of birth and death, and these are said to be the source of misery. None can escape the effect of their own past karma "
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2. INTRODUCTION
• During the 9th century, there were
many castes, traditions and
philosophies in India .
• Famous religious reformers propagated
the ancient Hindu way of life in their
own ways.
• As a result of this, Bhakti Panth or the
Path of Devotion came into existence.
3. • Religious reformers are proof of the
abundant religious philosophical wealth and
freedom of expression among Hindus.
• Between 9th to 14th century, religious
leaders like Shankaracharya,
Ramanujacharya, Madhwacharya and
Basaweshwara instituted religious reforms
which led to an intellectual revolution
5. Advaitha philosophy
• . According to this, Brahma is the absolute
truth, the rest of the world is false.
• The soul is one with Brahma, and life is not
separate from Brahma.
• The world is maya, an illusion; Brahma is
the absolute truth. People are ignorant;
they are not aware of the illusionary nature
of the world
6. • They are also not aware that Brahma is the
only Truth. Hence we should go on the path
of knowledge, and realize the nature of the
world.
• Ultimately, we should merge our ‘atma’
(soul) with the absolute truth, Brahma. Only
then we can attain moksha (liberation). In
this manner, Shankaracharya taught the path
of knowledge.
7. • The human soul has no separate
existence and he expressed this fact in
the phrase ‘Aham Brahmasmi’.
• He declared that Brahma is Truth. It has
no qualities, no features and no shape
(nirguna, nirakara, nirvikara)
8. The works of Shankaracharya
• Shankarabhasya,
• Anandalahari,
• Soundaryalahari,
• Shivanandalahari,
• Vivekachoodamani,
• Prabuddasudhakara and Dakshinamurthy
stotra. His hymn Bhajagovindam is world
famous.
17. • Ramanujacharya showed keen interest
in teaching the mukti marga to common
people. After settling down at Sriranga,
• Ramanujacharya studied the Scriptures
and wrote many books.
18. • He wrote
• Vedanta Sangraha,
• Vedantasara,
• Vedanta Deepika,
• Shribhasya and in his famous work
‘Geethabhashya’, he emphasized the
importance of devotion.
19. ‘Vishitadvaita’
• Ramanujacharya’s philosophy is called
‘Vishitadvaita’ and the religion he
propagated is called ‘Shrivaishnavism’.
Hence, his followers are called
Shrivaishnavites.
20. • Ramanujacharya taught that life and
nature were controlled by Brahma.
• Atma and Paramatma cannot exist at
the same time.
• Devotion and surrender (prapatti) were
essential for attaining moksha.
•
21. • Ramanujacharya condemned casteism
and taught the path of devotion to
people of all castes.
• He advised that we should giveup our
desires and surrender to God.
• He advocated attainment of nirvana
through the path of devotion
29. Dwaitha philosophy
• He advocated Dwaitha philosophy.
According to this philosophy, the human
soul and the Divine soul are separate.
• In order to propagate his philosophy,
Madhwacharya took to travelling to
various places and participated in
debates.
•
30. • He brought Lord Krishna’s idol which
was hidden in a muddy hillock called
Gopichandana and installed it in Udupi.
Further, to enable regular worship of
Lord Krishna, he nominated Yathis and
later 8 mutts called the Ashthamaths
were formed.
31. • According to Madhwacharya, the world
is not maya or illusion. It is as true as
Paramatma or the Divine Soul.
• Between these, the Divine soul is
independent and the rest of the world is
illusionary.
32. • The Divine soul and the human soul
have a Lord and Servant relation. Lord
Vishnu or Narayana alone is supreme.
• Worship of Lord Vishnu can elevate the
human soul and thus enable it to attain
moksha
34. • Prominent among the disciples of
Madhwacharya who propagated the
Dwaitha philosophy are
• Padmanabhateertha,
• Narahariteertha,
• Vijayendrateertha
• Vadirajateertha
43. Basaveshwara
• Basaveshwara preached that
Shivasharana should not indulge in caste
discrimination. Pure devotion is the true
way of reaching Lord Shiva.
• One should work and earn one’s living.
He preached dignity of labour. He
advocated the work culture for the
development of society.
44. • Basavanna’s aim was to inspire people to
develop the habit of working. He
declared that ‘Work is Worship’ and tried
to implement it totally.
45. • Basavanna established a Sharana
spiritual institution called ‘Anubhava
Mantapa’ at Basavakalyana in Bidar
district. There he used to discuss social,
economic and religious problems
without discriminating between castes
or gender.
46. • He advocated equality and independence
for women. The ideas emerging from his
discussions were made to reach the
communities through vachanas. Thus in
this vachana propagation, all sects of
people joined him irrespective of caste.
47. • Prominent among his disciples are
Allama Prabhu, Akka Mahadevi,
Siddarama, Molige Maraiah, Ambigara
Chowdiah, Madiwala Machiah, Madara
Chennaiah, Haralayya and Kinnari
Bommaiah.
48. • The vachanakaras gave emphasis to
human values in their vachanas and
reformed the Veershaiva sect.
• They gave importance to disciplined and
moral life. They advocated a life of
generosity and kindness. The philosophy
thus propogated is also called “Shakti
Vishistadwaitha”.
