This PPT explains how to use Relative Clauses to give more information about a noun. It introduces relative pronouns (who, which, that, whose, where, when) and shows the difference between defining and non-defining clauses.

1. RELATIVE
CLAUSE

2. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
Common relative pronouns:
• who for people
→
• which for things
→
• that for people or things
→
• where for places
→
• whose for possession (belongs to
→
someone)
Relative pronouns are words that connect
parts of a sentence.

3. EXAMPLES
The
1️
1️
⃣ girl who is running is my sister.
This is the
2️
⃣ toy which makes noise.
That’s the
3️
3️
⃣ school where I learn.
I know a
4️
⃣ boy whose dog is very funny.

4. EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks with the correct word:
who, which, where, or whose.
2. The boy _______ is wearing glasses is my
friend.
1. This is the cake _______ tastes like
chocolate.
4. That’s the park ________ we ride our bikes.
3. I met a girl _______ cat can do tricks.
which
who
whose
where

5. RELATIVE CLAUSE
Match the sentence halves (1–6) with the endings (A–F). Then
complete the sentence using who, which, where, or whose.
1.The panda is an
animal
2.This is the student
3.I visited the museum
4.That’s the artist
5.She has a friend
6.Pizza is a food
A. ______________ drawings are very beautiful.
B. ______________ lives in the jungle.
C. ______________ is my class monitor.
D. ______________ many kids like to eat.
E. ______________ I saw dinosaur bones.
F. ______________ dog is always barking.
which
who
where
whose
which
whose

6. RELATIVE CLAUSE
A relative clause gives us information about
someone or something.
Example:
📘 This is the book which I like.
👉 “which I like” is the relative clause

7. NON DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE

8. NON DEFINING CLAUSE
👉 It gives extra information about
someone or something we already know.
✅ Use commas!
Example:
📘 My sister, who is wearing a red dress, is
very kind.
(We already know which sister. This is just
extra info.)

9. DEFINING
RELATIVE CLAUSE

10. DEFINING CLAUSE
👉 It tells us exactly who or what we are
talking about. Without it, the sentence is
not clear.
❌ No commas!
Example:
📘 The girl who is wearing a red dress is my
sister.
(We need "who is wearing a red dress" to
know which girl!)

11. DEFINING CLAUSE
The girl
1️
1️
⃣ who is running is my sister.
This is the toy
2️
⃣ which makes noise.
You can sometimes use "that" instead
of who or which.
The girl that is running is my sister.
This is the toy that makes noise.

12. KEY DIFFERENCES
Defining Non defining
Purpose
Comma
Can we
remove it?
Example
Tells us which person or
thing
Gives extra information
❌ No commas
❌ No — the meaning
changes
✅ Yes, use commas
✅ Yes — the sentence still makes
sense
The boy who wears a hat is
my friend.
My friend, who has a hat, is
very funny.

13. READ THE SENTENCES
1. This is the dog that barked last night.
2. My dog, who barked last night, is very brave.
❓ Which one is defining?
❓ Which one is non defining?
Sentence 1 is defining — it tells us which dog.
Sentence 2 is non-defining — we already know which
dog.

14. EXERCISES
1. Lily loves drawing. (Her brother is an artist.)
Lily, ___________________________, loves drawing.
2. My school is very clean. (It has a big library.)
My school, ___________________________, is very clean.
3. We visited a zoo. (It had a panda house.)
We visited a zoo, ___________________________.
whose brother is an artist
which has a big library
where it had a panda house

15. THANK YOU