The document provides information about the Ilocos Region of the Philippines, which is composed of four provinces: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, La Union, and Pangasinan. It discusses the history and founding of the region by Spanish conquistadors in the 16th century. It also provides details on the geography, population, languages, religions, and economies of the four provinces that make up the Ilocos Region.

1. Ilocos Norte| Ilocos Sur| La Union| Pangasinan

2. 

1571: the spanish
conquistadors began
looking for new sites to
conquer.
Legaspi's grandson,
Juan de Salcedo,
volunteered to lead one
of these expeditions.

3. 


On June 13, 1572, Salcedo and
his men landed in Vigan.
They were surprised to see
numerous sheltered coves
("looc") where the locals lived in
harmony.
Named the region "Ylocos" and
its people "Ylocanos".

4. 


The Region is located in the northwest
of Luzon. In its eastern borders are
regions of Cordillera Administrative
Region and Cagayan Valley and in the
south is Central Luzon. To the west
north is the West Philippine Sea.
The region is composed of four
provinces namely: Ilocos Norte, Ilocos
Sur, La Union , Pangasinan. Its regional
center is San Fernando, La Union.
Total land Area: 13,055 km2
(5,041 sq mi)

5. 


Region I occupies the narrow plain between the
Cordillera Central mountain range and the South
China Sea. It also occupies the northern portion of
the Central Luzon plain, to the north-east of the
Zambales Mountains
Lingayen Gulf is the most notable body of water in
the region and it contains a number of islands,
including the Hundred Islands National Park . To the
north of the region is Luzon Strait .
The Agno River runs through Pangasinan and
empties into the Lingayen Gulf. The river flow into a
broad delta in the vicinity of Lingayen and Dagupan
City .

6. 



The Ilocos Provinces of the Ilocos Region is the historical
homeland of the Ilocanos.
The Ilocanos compose 66% of the region, the Pangasinan
people compose 27%, and the Tagalogs compose 3%.
Pangasinan is the historical homeland of the Pangasinenses.
The Ilocanos were not originally inhabitants of Pangasinan.
They started migrating to Pangasinan in the 19th century.
Pangasinan was formerly a province of Region III (Central
Luzon) but President Marcos signed Presidential Decree No.
1, 1972, incorporating it into Region I. Minority groups
include the Tinggian and Isneg communities that inhabit the
foothills of the Cordillera mountains.

7. 
The population is predominantly Roman
Catholic with strong adherents of Protestantism
such as the Aglipayan denomination further
north of the country. There are also adherents
to other Christian denominations, such as Iglesia
ni Cristo, Mormons, and the like. There is also
an undercurrent of traditional animistic beliefs
especially in rural areas. The small mercantile
Chinese and Indian communities are primarily
Buddhist, Taoists and Hindus.

8. 

Ilocanos are the ruling ethinicity in Region 1. They
constitute the majority of the population in the
Ilocos region particularly in Ilocos Norte (97%),
Ilocos Sur (97%), La Union (92%), and Pangasinan
(45%). Minority groups include Tingguan and Isneg
communities who inhabit the foothills of the
Cordillera Mountains.
Two ethnic groups still reside in Dingras: Isneg and
Yapayao. These tribes were two of the first
inhabitants of the region. They were forced to
retreat to the mountains after they lost the battles
against Spanish troops.

9. 
The structure of the Ilocano family conforms to the
general Filipino pattern. Most families compose of
an average size (6-7 persons). The father is the head
of the family. The mother is the Ilaw ng tahanan
(light of the home) who disciplines the children and
takes care of the house budget. The eldest child is
responsible in dividing the chores equally among
siblings.

Ilocanos are very meticulous when it comes to clothing.
They dress up according to their age and perceived wealth.
Everyday wear consists of short pants for boys, and dusters,
loose skirts, shirts, and short pants for girls. Farmers wear
long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and wide-brimmed
hats.During rainy season, Ilocanos wear a headdress of labig
leaves, which extends well down the back.

10. 
Region 1 is composed of 4 provinces, 9 cities, 116 municipalities
and 3265 barangays

Province
Capital
Population
(2010)
Area
(km²)
Pop.
density
(per km²)
Ilocos Norte
Laoag City
568,017
3,399.3
167.1
Ilocos Sur
Vigan City
658,587
2,579.6
255.3
La Union
San Fernando
City
741,906
1,493.1
496.9
Pangasinan
Lingayen
2,779,862
5,368.2
517.8

11. Component Cities
Batac City, Ilocos Norte
 Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
 Candon City, Ilocos Sur
 Vigan City, Ilocos Sur
 San Fernando City, La Union
 Alaminos City, Pangasinan
 San Carlos City, Pangasinan
 Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
 Dagupan City, Pangasinan


12. 
Provincial capital: Laoag City
located in the northwestern part of
Luzon and is geographically situated
between 170-43’ and 180-29’ north
latitudes and 1200-25’ and 1200-58’ east
longitudes. It is bounded in the east by
Cagayan and Apayao, in the southeast
by Abra, in the south by Ilocos Sur and
in the west by the South China Sea.
Laoag City is the seat of the Provincial
Government and is about 487
kilometers north-northwest of Manila.

13. 
land area : 3,622.91 sq. kms.

It is rugged and rocky and has
mountains which run northwest in
the Cordilleras in the east. There
are thirteen (13) mountains in the
area, most of which are located in
the southeastern portion.

14. ◦ Political Subdivision:
 2 city Batac & Laoag City
- 22 municipalities and
- 557 barangays
◦ Population: 547,284 as of 2007
Census
◦ Language/ Dialect: Ilocano (Iloco),
Filipino and English

15. 







Agriculture - rice, corn, garlic, legumes, root crops, tobacco, and
other fruits and vegetables
Fishery -tilapia and assorted fishes
Livestock - swine and cattle
Cottage Industries - loom weaving, furniture, ceramics, iron
works
Manufacturing and food processing - salt, empanada, bagoong,
patis, basi (native Ilocano wine), vinegar, longganisa, chicharon,
bagnet, chichacorn (cornick), jewelry, garments, cereal
processing, packaging, mechanized processing equipment
Wind Power Ilocos Norte's position on the northwest corner of
Luzon makes it ideal for wind power generation. There is
currently a 25 Megawatt wind farm in Ilocos Norte, and several
more wind energy projects are being planned
Tourism
Pottery

16. ◦ Cape Bojeador Lighthouse
Built in 1892, the lighthouse
stands on a promontory in
Burgos, 45 kilometers north of
Laoag City. The highest
lighthouse in the Phils.
◦ Tobacco Monopoly Monument
The monument was constructed
at the foot of the Marcos Bridge
to serve as a memorial to the
lifting of the Tobacco Monopoly
which from 1872 to 1881.

17. Attractions
◦ General Ricarte National Shrine
Built in honor of General Artemio
Ricarte, a native of Batac and a
revolutionary hero.
◦ Aglipay Shrine
Found in Pinili, Ilocos Norte. In
memory of the most colorful
revolutionary figure, Fr. Gregorio
Aglipay, that stood squarely behind the
oppressed people of God when he
founded his protestant sect known as
the Filipino Independent Church.

18. Attractions
◦ Marcos Museum & Mausoleum
Or Balay Ti Ili
The ancestral house of the
Marcoses in Batac showcases the
memorabilia of the late President
Ferdinand E. Marcos. Batac is
471 kilometers north of Manila.
◦ Malacañang Of The North
Built as the official residence of
then President Marcos in Ilocos
Norte, overlooking the legendary
Paoay Lake, this imposing
structure is now a museum. A
minimal entrance fee is
collected.

19. Attractions
◦ Loom Weaving
Produces quality towels, blankets,
table runners and clothing
materials with ethnic Ilocano
designs.
◦ Paoay Church
Built of coral blocks and stuccoplastered bricks, the architecture
is a unique combination of Gothic,
Baroque and Oriental.
Construction of the church started
in 1704 and was completed in
1894. Paoay Church is included in
the UNESCO's World Heritage List.

20. Attractions
◦ Bangui-Pagudpud Beach
This stretch of beaches in the two
municipalities are earmarked for
development as tourism estates.
◦ Sinking Belltower
Located almost a hundred meters
away from the St. William's
Cathedral, the tower has sunk to
the ground and leans slightly to
the north
◦ Bangui Windmills
Fifteen towering windmills lined up
the shore of Bangui.

21. Attractions
◦ Bangui-Pagudpud Beach
This stretch of beaches in the two
municipalities are earmarked for
development as tourism estates.
◦ Sinking Belltower
Located almost a hundred meters
away from the St. William's
Cathedral, the tower has sunk to
the ground and leans slightly to
the north
◦ Bangui Windmills
Fifteen towering windmills lined up
the shore of Bangui.

22. 
Basic Information
◦ Provincial capital: Vigan City
◦ Geographic Location:
located along the western
coast of Northern Luzon.
Bound by Ilocos Norte on
the north, Abra on the
northeast, Mt. Province on
the east, Benguet on the
southeast, La Union on the
south, and the China Sea on
the west.

23. 


Its area of 2,579.58 square kilometers occupies about
20.11% of the total land area of Region 1.
The topography of Ilocos Sur is undulating to rolling
with elevations ranging from 10 to 1,700 meters above
sea level
Climate
the dry months are from October to May. August has
the most rainfall while January and February have the
least. The mean temperature in the province is 27
degrees C. January is the coldest.

24. 
Basic Information
◦ Political Subdivision:
 2 cities, 34 municipalities which
are subdivided into 764
barangays.
◦ Population: In the 2007 census,
Ilocos Sur has 632,255. Vigan
City, the capital of Ilocos Sur, has
a population of 47,246. The most
populous city is Candon City with
a population of 56,270.
◦ Language/ Dialect: Ilocano (Iloco),
Filipino and English

25. 

The Ilocano material culture and
spirituality can be seen in the past images of Spanish santo (saints),
antique but intricate wooden
furniture and quality local fiber.
The Ilocano cuisine ranges from the
exotic "abu-os" (ant eggs) to vegetable
broth "dinengdeng," the sticky
"tinubong" to the "poqui-poqui"
(eggplant salad). Ilocos Sur, like
other provinces in Ilocandia, is filled
with colonial churches, a legacy of
Spanish Catholicism

26. ◦ Major Industries:
 Farming, producing food
crops, mostly rice, corn,
vegetable, rootcrops, and fruits.
 Non-food crops include
tobacco, cotton, and tigergrass.
 Cottage industries include
loom weaving, furniture
making, jewelry making,
ceramics, blacksmithing, and
food processing.

27. Attractions
◦ The Heritage City of Vigan
Inscribed in UNESCO’s World
Heritage List in November 1999.
The best preserved example of a
planned Spanish colonial town in
Asia. Its Kamestizoan District is
replete with ancestral houses with
ancient tiled roofs, massive
hardwood floorings, ballustrades
and azoteas in varying SpanishMexican-Chinese architectural
styles.

28. Attractions
◦ Sta. Maria Church
A National Landmark, was used as a
fortress during the Philippine
Revolution of 1896.
◦ Tirad Pass
A National Shrine, had been the site
of the last stand of the Filipino
Revolutionary Forces under General
Emilio Aguinaldo during the same
period.
◦ Bessang Pass
Served as the backdoor to General
Yamashita’s last ditch defense during
the last stage of World War II.

29. Bantay Church and Brlltower ( Sactuary of Nuestra
Senora de La Caridad
Bantay Church serves as the Sanctuary of Nuestra
Señora de La Caridad, the Queen of Ilocandia. The
church and its bell tower are the oldest structures in
the province. The bell tower was built in 1590 and
the church was built 1591.
Sundial in Tagudin- The southernmost town of the
province of Ilocos Sur that straddles La Union
province possess a timekeeping tradition used by
ancient men using shadows cast by the sun to tell
time. The two sundials were constructed in the town
of Tagudin by Father Juan Sorolla in 1848. One is
located inside the 100 year old Saint Augustine
School compound and the other stands in front of
Tagudin town hall claimed to be the first sundial in
the Philippine

30. 
Pinsal Falls
A favorite setting of many
local films, Pinsal Falls features
Angalo’s footprint, the
legendary Ilocano giant. The
falls is a few kilometers of
rough road from the highway.
Located at Barangay
Babalasiwan, Sta. Maria. Other
waterfalls in Ilocos Sur are
Caniaw in Bantay, Gambang in
Cervantes, Awasen in Sigay
and Barasibis in Sinait.
◦

31. 
Beaches
most notable Ilocos Sur
beaches include those in
Cabangtalan (in Sinait, also
known as Imelda's Cove),
Pug-os (in Cabugao); and
the towns of Santa, Santa
Maria, Santiago, San
Esteban, and Candon.
◦

32. 
La Unión, "The Union" in Spanish, was
formed in 1850 when the Spanish colonial
government of Governor-General Antonio
Maria Blanco merged the 3 southern towns
of Ilocos Sur province, the 9 northern towns
of Pangasinan, and the western towns of
Benguet to the east (Eastern Pais del Igorotes
in the Cordilleras). On October 29, 1849,
Governor General Claveria issued a
"promovido" to fuse into one the PangasinanIlokos-Cordillera areas "La Union"

33. 
Basic Information
◦ Provincial capital: San
Fernando City
◦ La Union is 273 km north of
Metro Manila and 57 km
northwest of Baguio The land
area of the province is 1,493.09
sq. km.
◦ Geographic Location:
Bounded on the north by
Ilocos Sur, on the south by
Pangasinan, on the east by
Benguet, and on the west by
the China Sea.

34. ◦ Political Subdivision:
 19 municipalities and one
component city, which are
subdivided into 576 barangays.
◦ Population: 789,815 as of 2007
Census
◦ Language/ Dialect: Ilocano
(Iloco), Pangasinense (Sto.
Tomas and coastal areas),
Ibaloi/Kankana-ey (Boardering
Cordilliera) Filipino and English.

35. ◦ Major Industries:
 Agriculture
 The main livelihood of the
people are: hand-woven
blankets (Inabel), softbrooms,
baskets, pottery, rice wine
(tapuey), sugarcane wine (basi),
sugarcane vinegar, wood craft,
bamboo craft, native rice cakes,
dried fish, honey, coconut,
pebble stone and mushroom.

36. Attractions
◦ Agoo Basilica
One of the most imposing
Catholic Structures in La Union.
Rebuilt after an earthquake in
1892
◦ Museo de Iloko
An old Presidencia that houses
artifacts, religious icons and other
historical pieces of cultural
importance to the Ilokanos.

37. Attractions
◦ Ma- Cho Temple
The world’s largest Taoist
Temple outside China. Located
in San Fernando City.

38. Attractions
◦ Thunderbird Resort, La Union
San Fernandos own deluxe hotel
and casino. Located in Poro Point.
The hotel is patterned after
Santorini, Greece.

39. Attractions
◦ San Juan Beach
Boasts a number of tourist establishments. The
beach is ideal for surfing. Known as the Surfing
capital of the North.
Other Attractions: La Union Botanical garden,
Centennial Trees, Bolikewkew Rice Terraces.
Amburayan River.

40. 
The name Pangasinan means "place for salt" or "place
of salt-making"; it is derived from the prefix pang,
meaning "for", the root word asin, meaning "salt”, and
suffix an, signifying "location." The province is a major
producer of salt in the Philippines. Its major products
include "bagoong" ("salted-fish") and "alamang" ("saltedshrimp")

41. 
Basic Information
◦ Provincial capital: Lingayen
◦ Geographic Location:
Boundaries are Lingayen Gulf, La
Union and Benguet on the north,
Nueva Vizcaya on the northeast,
Nueva Ecija on the east, Tarlac on
the south and Zambales and China
Sea on the west.
Land Area: 5,451.01 square
kilometers

42. 



The Pangasinan people are called Pangasinan or the
Hispanicized name Pangasinense, or simply tagaPangasinan, which means "from Pangasinan". Pangasinan
is the third most populated province in the Philippines.
Population: 2,779,862 people as of 2010 Census
Language/ Dialect: Ilocano (western areas), Pangasinense
(Central areas), Bolinao, Filipino and English.
Political Subdivision:
 44 municipalities and 4 cities which are in turn subdivided into 1,364 barangays.

43. 







Agriculture - The major crops in
Pangasinan are rice, mangoes, corn, and
sugar cane. 44 percent of the total land
area of Pangasinan is devoted to
agricultural production.
Bagoong technology and processing center
Oyster and aquaculture farming
Seaweed farming
Bamboo production
Handicraft and furniture making
Manufacture of construction bricks
Tourism development

44. 

The ancient Pangasinense had an animistic religion which had AmaGaoley as the chief deity. Lesser spirits or anito were responsible for
a host of phenomena relating to the weather, plant growth, and good
health, as well as protection of rivers, trees, and other sites. Illness was
deemed as punishment for offending the anito. This spirits were held
in respect and deference.
Today, Pangasinan with most number of follower is Catholic. Despite
of initial difficulties in evangelizing the Pangasinense, the dominicans
eventually secured a tool hold for Catholicism in the province. Other
sects such as the Philippine Interdependent church, the Iglesia ni
Kristo, and the various protestant denominations have their adherence
among residence of Ilokano descent, but rarely among those of
Pangasinense descent.

45. 

The Filipinos in Luzon such as Ilocanos,
Pangasinenses, and Tagalogs share an interesting
wedding practice. This is the pinning of peso bills on
the bride’s gown and the groom’s suit while the couple
dances. A contest is held between the bride’s family
and the groom’s family as to who pins the most money
on whose clothes, the bride’s or the groom’s.
After the dance, or series of dances, they unpin
the money and figure out who won, and loud applause
goes to the winner. The money is then combined and
given to the couple to spend as they wish.

46. 
•
•
•
•
•
In this day and age, we Filipinos still cling numerous widely-held
folk beliefs that have no scientific or logical basis. But as your
lola may swear that they are indeed backed up by some past
experiences, lolo may dismiss those incidents as mere
coincidences.
Never clear the table while somebody is still eating or that
person will never get married.
A bachelor or a spinster who agrees to be a ninong/ninang in a
wedding will never be married.
Brides shouldn’t try on her wedding dress before the wedding
day or it will not push through.
Knives and other sharp, pointed objects are said to be bad
choices for wedding gifts as giving them will lead to a broken
marriage.
Giving an arinola (chamberpot) as a wedding gift is believed to
bring good luck to the giver and the newlyweds.

47. ◦ Hundred Islands National Park
Composed of a Cluster of
Islands of Varying sizes. Some
even have small white beaches.
Ideal for swimming, boating and
snorkeling.

48. Attractions
◦ Nuestra Senora de
Manaoag Shrine
Site of the Miracilous
Shrine of “Apo
Baket”. It is said
that it possess healing
powers and has saved
the town of Manaoag
from Calamities.

49. Attractions
◦ Santiago Island
This island is rich in corals
that teem with marine life.
Ideal for scuba enthusiasts
◦ Cape Bolinao Lighthouse
Built by the Americans in
1903 on a 300-foot high
promontory at the western
part of Cape Bolinao.

50. 




White Beach in San Fabian
Tambobong White Beach
in Dasol
Tondol Beach in Anda
Beach Walk in Lingayen
Resort in Bolinao

51. ◦ Echanted cave
◦ Wonderful Cave
◦ Cindys Cave
◦ Angel Cave

52. Presented by:
Jeffry Falinchao
Esther C. Ostil
End