Reduction of oxidative stress improves insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice 8
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This study evaluated the effects of oxidative stress on insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice. The researchers measured levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide formation, fasting blood glucose, and insulin signaling proteins via western blotting. They found that obese mice had higher oxidative stress, impaired insulin signaling, and glucose intolerance compared to control mice. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced oxidative stress, improved insulin signaling, and lowered blood glucose in obese mice. The results suggest that oxidative stress contributes to insulin resistance and related cardiac dysfunction in obesity.
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Reduction of oxidative stress improves insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of...
This study evaluated the effects of oxidative stress on insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice. The researchers measured levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide formation, fasting blood glucose, and insulin signaling proteins via western blotting. They found that obese mice had higher oxidative stress, impaired insulin signaling, and glucose intolerance compared to control mice. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine reduced oxidative stress, improved insulin signaling, and lowered blood glucose in obese mice. The results suggest that oxidative stress contributes to insulin resistance and related cardiac dysfunction in obesity.
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Diabetes has been considered as the most dreaded non-communicable disease consuming the mankind rapidly. WHO has predicted the number of diabetics to be approximately 366 millions by 2030. The disease is characterized by hyperglycemia and the basic symptoms are polyphagia, polydipsia and polyuria. The autoimmune type 1 diabetes represent almost 1% of the total diabetic population, the rest being that of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Type 2 diabetes has been linked to a variety of factors such as heredity, environmental factors, unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyle, stress etc. The uncontrolled hyperglycemia has profound deleterious effects on almost all the organs and results in various cardiovascular disorders, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy. Recent studies have revealed an array of pulmonary dysfunctions related with T2D ranging from respiratory defects to tuberculosis. Diabetes also predisposes the person to hepatic dysfunctions like NAFLD and HCC and a range of infections at various sites which are difficult to manage. Post-surgical infections are of special interest for subjects with uncontrolled hyperglycemia prior to surgery. Scientists all over the world are revealing different pathways and associated therapies for type 2 diabetes in order to control the pathological effects covering almost whole body physiology.
Metabolism and Weight Loss effect
Turbo Metabolism
Weight loss has got to be the most frustrating experience for many people, young and old alike. Eating foods that are just horrible, denying yourself foods you truly love and enjoy. Exercising, even though you absolutely hate exercising, and end up stiff as a board with no results. Finally Learn amazing secrets that will increase your metabolism, allowing your body to turn into a fat burning furnace day after day!
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Corticosteroid in dentistry
The document discusses corticosteroids, including their history, physiology, regulation, classification, mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic uses, interactions, adverse reactions and contraindications. Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex that regulate a wide range of physiologic systems such as carbohydrate metabolism, immune function and electrolyte balance. They have many therapeutic uses including replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency, treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
Neurodegeneration: Factors Involved and Therapeutic Strategies
Neurodegenerative disorders are disorders of the nervous system which are characterized by a loss of neuronal structure and function. These changes lead to a loss of several abilities that include cognition and movement as observed in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Several factors like oxidative stress and protein misfolding have been found to play a vital role in the etiology of common neurological disorders. Whether these factors contribute to the progression of the disorders or are a consequence still remains elusive. Inspite of attempts to elucidate the molecular and pathological mechanisms of these pathways, many aspects still remain unclear. However, newer areas of therapeutic interventions like stem cell therapy and anti-oxidant therapy are now being explored as potential treatments. The aim of this review is to study the various factors that are associated with neurodegeneration along with recent therapeutic strategies that are being employed in an attempt to treat neurodegenerative disorders.
Edocrinee.pptx
The document discusses disorders of the endocrine system, focusing on disorders of the pancreas and diabetes mellitus. It describes the key functions of the pancreas in regulating blood sugar levels through the hormones insulin and glucagon. It then characterizes the various types of diabetes mellitus, including type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. The diagnostic criteria and management approaches for diabetes are also summarized, including nutritional management, exercise, and pharmacologic therapy such as insulin.
Oxidative Stress in Aging and Human Diseases - Exploring the Mechanisms
Many modern diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, arthritis and neurodegenerative disease are related to aging, and aging is closely linked to oxidative stress. Intensive research is being conducted to understand the antioxidant defense mechanism, the mechanisms of aging itself, as well as their roles in human diseases. This slidedeck provides an update on how oxidative stress is linked to aging and how inflammation leads to aging through DNA damage, telomere dysfunction, cellular senescence and oxidative stress. Recent progress on the health benefits of antioxidants and examination of their potential mechanisms in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases are also covered. Various assay technologies to tackle the complex signaling pathways in this process will be introduced. Learn how you can apply these advanced tools to your research!
Cardoriumm Plus NIMS study interim report 14032016
Dr. K.V.G.S. Murty discloses his interests in herbal research companies and formulations including Cardorium Plus. Cardorium Plus is manufactured by Alakananda Herbals and marketed by Ayurveda One to address vascular endothelial dysfunction. World health statistics show increases in conditions like hypertension, diabetes and obesity globally that are associated with endothelial dysfunction. An interim report discusses an ongoing clinical trial of Cardorium Plus that shows improvements in endothelial function markers like augmentation pressure and augmentation index in subjects taking Cardorium Plus compared to placebo after 3 months. The report concludes Cardorium Plus may benefit those with conditions like hypertension, heart disease and diabetes by improving endothelial function.
BIOCHEMISTRY II EXAM ANSWERS
This document contains exam questions for a Biochemistry II course covering topics such as factors influencing laboratory examination results, enzyme assays, glucose regulation, lipids and lipoproteins, cholesterol metabolism, metabolic relationships between organs, and protein metabolism. It includes 10 multiple choice or short answer questions.
endocrine.pptx
This document provides an overview of diabetes mellitus (DM), including its anatomy, physiology, epidemiology, classification, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. It discusses the two main types of DM - type 1 caused by beta cell destruction leading to insulin deficiency, and type 2 caused by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. Key facts include that DM affects over 382 million people worldwide, is classified based on etiology, and can be diagnosed through blood glucose and A1C levels. Treatment involves lifestyle changes, glucose-lowering medications like insulin and sulfonylureas, and managing complications to control blood sugar levels.
Yang{JMCC_2009]
This study investigated how insulin deficiency affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the hearts of diabetic mice. The key findings were:
1) Activity of oxidative phosphorylation complex V (ATP synthase) was significantly reduced in the hearts of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
2) Normalizing blood glucose with phlorizin treatment did not improve complex V activity, but insulin treatment did normalize it, indicating the reduction was caused by insulin deficiency rather than hyperglycemia.
3) Acute insulin stimulation induced phosphorylation and translocation of Akt to mitochondria in heart muscle. This translocation was enhanced in diabetic mice and blocked inhibition of Akt, blunting the activation of complex V by insulin.
Polygenic diseases by Juan Pedro Neira
In this presentation you will find valuable information of two recent advances made in the combat of Diabetes and Alzheimer
Medical uses of n acetyle cysteine
N-acetyl cysteine has various medical uses including treating paracetamol toxicity, carbon monoxide poisoning, lung and heart diseases, bile duct blockages in infants, and neurodegenerative diseases. It acts as a glutathione substitute or precursor, free radical scavenger, and mucolytic agent. Specifically, it helps regenerate glutathione to prevent liver damage from paracetamol, acts as an antioxidant in CO poisoning, and has vasodilating and anti-platelet effects in heart disease. N-acetyl cysteine may also be useful for psychiatric conditions involving oxidative stress like OCD, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE EEFFECT OF ARGINASE INHIBITOR L-NORVALINE AND M...
Having metabolic syndrome can induce the risk of developing especially Type 2 Diabetes, insulin resistance , Atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, visceral Obesity, Dyslipidemias.
This study aimed at determining the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ( MetS) and its individual components and the most critical predictive risk factors of MetS in Type 2 Diabetes .
Similar to Reduction of oxidative stress improves insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice 8 (20)
Alterations of Mitochondrial Functions and DNA in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy of ...
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Imeglimin a new class a new approach for diabetes management
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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Concerned Complications and Target Organs
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Neurodegeneration: Factors Involved and Therapeutic Strategies
Neurodegeneration: Factors Involved and Therapeutic Strategies
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Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapy
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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This guideline is directed principally toward new Molecular Entities that are
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biomechanics of running. Dr.dhwani.pptx
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
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Gastrointestinal Infections
GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTIONS result from the ingestion of pathogens that cause infections at the level of this tract, generally being transmitted by food, water and hands contaminated by microorganisms such as E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter, Staphylococcus, Rotavirus among others that are generally contained in feces, thus configuring a FECAL-ORAL type of transmission.
Among the factors that lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal infections are the hygienic and sanitary deficiencies that characterize our markets and other places where raw or cooked food is sold, poor environmental sanitation in communities, deficiencies in water treatment (or in the process of its plumbing), risky hygienic-sanitary habits (not washing hands after major and/or minor needs), among others.
These are generally consequences (signs and symptoms) resulting from gastrointestinal infections: diarrhea, vomiting, fever and malaise, among others.
The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
To prevent this, it is necessary to promote health education, improve the hygienic-sanitary conditions of markets and communities in general as a way of promoting, preserving and prolonging PUBLIC HEALTH.
Gastritis and Gastric Health
Gastric Health is one of the most relevant concerns in human health, with gastrointestinal infections being among the main illnesses that affect humans.
Among gastric problems, we have GASTRITIS AND GASTRIC ULCERS as the main public health problems. Gastritis and gastric ulcers normally result from inflammation and corrosion of the walls of the stomach (gastric mucosa) and are generally associated (caused) by the bacterium Helicobacter pylor, which, according to the literature, this bacterium settles on these walls (of the stomach) and starts to release urease that ends up altering the normal pH of the stomach (acid), which leads to inflammation and corrosion of the mucous membranes and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
In addition to bacterial infections, gastritis and gastric ulcers are associated with several factors, with emphasis on prolonged fasting, chemical substances including drugs, alcohol, foods with strong seasonings including chilli, which ends up causing inflammation of the stomach walls and/or corrosion. of the same, resulting in the appearance of wounds and consequent gastritis or ulcers, respectively.
Among patients with gastritis and/or ulcers, one of the dilemmas is associated with the foods to consume in order to minimize the sensation of pain and discomfort. Pune Call Girls 7339748667 AVAILABLE HOT GIRLS AUNTY BOOK NOW
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Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
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Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
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5 Effective Homeopathic Medicines for Irregular Periods
Discover the benefits of homeopathic medicine for irregular periods with our guide on 5 common remedies. Learn how these natural treatments can help regulate menstrual cycles and improve overall menstrual health.
Visit Us: https://drdeepikashomeopathy.com/service/irregular-periods-treatment/
Pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes
This presentation gives information on the pharmacology of Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes and Leukotrienes i.e. Eicosanoids. Eicosanoids are signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid. They are involved in complex control over inflammation, immunity, and the central nervous system. Eicosanoids are synthesized through the enzymatic oxidation of fatty acids by cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes. They have short half-lives and act locally through autocrine and paracrine signaling.
Pharmacology of 5-hydroxytryptamine and Antagonist
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
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Reduction of oxidative stress improves insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice 8
- 1. Presented by: María Ángela Mejía Vásquez and Andrés Felipe Montoya Pizano 3rd semester, Medicine. Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana
- 2. Introduction Oxidative Stress Oxidation is a biochemical process of loss of electrons associated with another of reception called reduction. This process is essential for life, because it takes part in the production of cellular energy. Oxidative stress appears when oxidation is excessive and there is an overproduction of oxygen free radicals. If the production of free radicals exceeds the antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress and cell damage occurs Some diseases: ● Type 2 diabetes mellitus ● High blood pressure ● Aging ● Atherosclerosis ● Cancer...among others
- 3. Insulin signalling in cardiac tissue Insulin can have effects that oppose vasodilator actions of NO Insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes alters the systemic and neurohumoral milieu leading to changes in metabolism and signaling pathways in the heart that may contribute to myocardial dysfunction.
- 4. Objective: “To evaluate the effects of oxidative stress on insulin signaling in cardiac tissue of obese mice”
- 5. Methods Dichlorodihydrofluorescein ● Is the most widely used fluorescent probe for the measurement of intracellular ROS, but it is not specific for detection of endosomal ROS ● The oxidation of the 2’7’ dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) through the cells causes difluorescein fluorescence (DCF), which can easily be read in a spectrophotometer.
- 6. Methods Nitric oxide formation indicator ● NO has multiple cellular molecular targets. It influences the activity of transcription factors, modulates upstream signaling cascades, mRNA stability and translation, and processes the primary gene products. ● The reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide generates potent oxidizing agent, peroxynitrite which is the main mediator of tissue and cellular injury.
- 7. Methods Fasting blood glucose The test was done at the end of the experimental period. Food was removed 6 hours prior to the test. Blood glucose was measured using a glucometer and results were expressed as mg/dL This test was done to observe blood glucose levels and to confirm the induction of insulin resistance in obese mice and to verify a possible improvement in the treated animals.
- 8. Methods Western Blotting ● The western is a test that is based on the detection of a reaction between an antigen and an antibody, in the study an electrophoresis was done to separate the proteins that were in the sample and then identify them with specific primary antibodies. ● This method was used to evaluate the signaling of insulin in the heart tissue in order to identify the action of the NAC (N–acetylcysteine)
- 9. Results
- 10. Results
- 13. Discussion
- 14. Conclusions ● Biology and its study allows us to know more techniques to evaluate the cause-effect relationship between oxidative stress and insulin resistance and the possible resulting physiological alterations. ● Understanding biological methods and their application in the medical field helps us to find better treatments and solutions for very common diseases that affect the population such as insulin resistance ● All medical discoveries are supported by methods and studies based on molecular biology and their application in laboratories