The document discusses the heart and circulatory system. It explains that the heart beats to pump blood through three types of blood vessels - veins, arteries, and capillaries. Veins carry blood back to the heart while arteries carry blood away from the heart. Capillaries connect veins and arteries to distribute blood throughout the body. The document also provides tips for heart health, including scheduling yearly checkups, exercising, eating a healthy diet low in salt and saturated fat, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking.
This Worksheet is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial 3.0 España Licence. You can modify and use it in you class. No commercial use allowd.
This Worksheet is licensed under a Creative Commons Reconocimiento-No comercial 3.0 España Licence. You can modify and use it in you class. No commercial use allowd.
My class power point for a lesson outlining the Solar System. Students will be asked to pick one thing to continue researching for a later project after viewing the slide show presentation.
Worksheet - The Future: will or going to?Roger Aguirre
This worksheet brings examples and activities to see the difference between WILL and GOING TO (future tense). It also includes the song "Animal Instinct" by Cranberries, so students can have the chance to check their listening comprehension.
ORIGINWhen your heart beats, it pumps blood round your body to give it the energy and oxygen it needs. As the blood moves, it pushes against the sides of the blood vessels. The strength of this pushing is your blood pressure. More is the push , more the pressure on blood vessels, high is the BP and vice versa.
This is a guide about Blood pressure
PDF Source - http://www.sastasundar.com/
My class power point for a lesson outlining the Solar System. Students will be asked to pick one thing to continue researching for a later project after viewing the slide show presentation.
Worksheet - The Future: will or going to?Roger Aguirre
This worksheet brings examples and activities to see the difference between WILL and GOING TO (future tense). It also includes the song "Animal Instinct" by Cranberries, so students can have the chance to check their listening comprehension.
ORIGINWhen your heart beats, it pumps blood round your body to give it the energy and oxygen it needs. As the blood moves, it pushes against the sides of the blood vessels. The strength of this pushing is your blood pressure. More is the push , more the pressure on blood vessels, high is the BP and vice versa.
This is a guide about Blood pressure
PDF Source - http://www.sastasundar.com/
Your heart is an amazing living pump. Its only job is to move blood through your body. Blood is sent to the lungs to get oxygen and then throughout the body to deliver that oxygen to cells. There are also many nutrients in your blood from the things you eat, drink and breathe in that influence heart health.
Best Nutrition for High Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Pdf.pdfFREZZOR
Following a healthy lifestyle with proper nutrition, and movement, managing stress, and reducing sodium intake are all strategies to handle and prevent high blood pressure. Learn More
Strengthening the heart through swimmingSally_Deboer
Hypertension is a common risk factor for heart disease. Singapore’s Ministry of Health reports that 25% of the country’s adult population is prone to the condition. So it is imperative to reduce these risks by strengthening the heart.
Stocking up on medical supplies means better health management. It also means that you’re better prepared for accidents and to deal with minor illnesses. Supplies and equipment must be of sufficiently high quality in terms of Performance, Safety, Materials and design, Labeling and packaging. Select only a reputable supplier for sourcing your medical equipment and supplies
Find the best cardiologist in Hyderabad. Heart acts as the major part for circulation of the blood to all the body parts. There are many types of heart diseases. Learn more about causes, types of heart diseases.Here are some tips to maintain healthy heart.
The heart is one of essential body organs that directly influence our living. With the increased cases of heart diseases, I deem it important that we take the time to consider how to keep the heart healthy. The basic and most primary practices to ensure a healthy heart are a good diet and doing exercises.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
4. RED
Everything has a sound effect, right?
Well in this case, the heartbeat is the
SOUND the heart makes when it pumps
blood throughout the body.
5. RED
How come that in certain events,
our heart beats faster than
normal?
6. RED
When doing something tiring, like very exhausting,
our heart beats faster than normal in order to
distribute blood all over the body faster than before.
12. RED
So, we know the heart and its heartbeat. We
know all the blood vessels. But how does
blood get distributed all over the body?
13. RED
READ FAST
In humans, blood is pumped from the strong left
ventricle of the heart through arteries to peripheral
tissues and returns to the right atrium of the heart
through veins. After blood returns to the right atrium, it
enters the right ventricle and is pumped through the
pulmonary artery to the lungs, then returns to the left
atrium through the pulmonary veins. Blood then enters
the left ventricle to be circulated through the systemic
circulation again.
21. RED
SCHEDULE A YEARLY CHECK-UP
Each year, schedule a checkup to have your
blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels
checked. Be sure to follow your healthcare
professional's recommendations.
22. RED
GET PHYSICAL
Step, march or jog in place for at least 15 minutes
a day while watching your favorite TV shows.
Increase your activity by five minutes each week
until you're getting a minimum of 30 minutes.
23. RED
DRINK MORE WATER
Take a water bottle with you wherever you go. It'll
keep you hydrated and the bottle's weight will
strengthen your arms.
24. RED
EAT HEALTHY
Put raw veggies and fruits in front in the
refrigerator and healthy snacks in the front of the
pantry, so that's what you see first. If you grab
healthy foods for a minimum of 21 times, healthy
choices will become a habit.
25. RED
CONTROL CHOLESTEROL
Eat foods low in saturated fat and trans fat, such
as lean chicken or turkey (roasted or baked, with
skin removed), fruits and veggies, low-fat or fat-
free dairy products and whole grains.
26. RED
CUT DOWN ON SALT
To help lower high blood pressure, watch your
salt intake.
27. RED
QUIT SMOKING
On Day 1, cut the number of cigarettes you
smoke by half
On Day 3, cut the number of cigarettes you
smoke in half again
And on Day 5, cut your smoking in half again
On your Quit Day... quit!
28. RED
MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT
Each day, if you eat less than you would normally
consume, and exercise most of the week, you'll
get closer to your goal and be able to achieve
weight loss.
29. RED
STAY POSITIVE
If you get off your exercise schedule, eat a
fattening meal or relax at the beach then
immediately get back on track toward re-
establishing a healthy lifestyle.
