This document will educate the readers about the uses of PPE and how can we dispose them after complete usage. This document is created by our very own partner, Dr. K S Baghotia who is the Vice President of ISHWM.
The document provides an overview of the Bio-Medical Waste Management (Amendment) Rules 2018 in India. It discusses key aspects of the original 1998 rules and subsequent amendments, including categories of biomedical waste, segregation and handling requirements, and responsibilities of occupiers and operators. The 2018 amendments updated guidelines for waste treatment, phased out certain plastics, established timelines for waste tracking systems, and modified reporting procedures. Proper management of biomedical waste is important for public health and environmental protection.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and its categories. It notes that approximately 40 tons of waste is generated daily in India, but only 30% undergoes proper disposal. It outlines the various treatment and disposal methods for different categories of waste, including incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. Color coding and container requirements are also specified. The risks of exposure to healthcare waste include infections, genotoxicity, chemical toxicity, and radioactivity hazards. Proper waste management requires adherence to government rules and public education.
The document discusses liquid waste management from healthcare facilities. It covers categories of liquid waste, hazards posed, waste generated at facilities, treatment methods, and management approaches. Treatment involves either an effluent treatment plant (ETP) that uses primary and secondary treatment followed by disinfection, or local disinfection units for facilities without ETPs. One model discussed is Hypotreat, a continuous flow reactor in Ludhiana that ensures waste contacts disinfectant for sufficient time. Treated wastewater must meet standards before discharge to sewers. Proper liquid waste management is important to protect health.
From this slides you can get the better knowledge about Liquid waste management
If their is any confusion on this contents you can mail me
abishekregmi432@gmail.com
Dr. Satti M. Saleh discusses isolation precautions in hospitals. He outlines the rationale for precautions, which requires an organism, source, mode of transmission, and host. Sources of infection include patients, personnel, visitors, and the inanimate environment. Host factors include age, underlying diseases, and treatments that weaken defenses. Main transmission routes are contact, droplets, airborne, and vectors. Interrupting transmission is aimed at these routes but has disadvantages like added costs and depriving patients of social relationships. Guidelines have evolved from separate facilities in the 1800s to universal, body substance, and new precautions in the 1980s-1990s focusing on standard, contact, droplet and airborne transmission.
This document provides an overview of biomedical waste management. It begins with definitions of key terms like biomedical waste and infectious waste. It then discusses the classification of biomedical waste into 10 categories and the appropriate treatment and disposal methods for each. Some of the key risks of poor management are exposure to healthcare workers and spread of disease. The document also outlines regulatory requirements, waste handling protocols including segregation, storage, transportation, and on-site treatment methods like incineration. It concludes with specific guidance for mercury and sharps waste management in a dental clinic.
India is likely to generate about 775.5 tons of medical wast per day by 2020, from the current level of 550.9 tons per day growing at CAGR about 7%.
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
The document provides an overview of the Bio-Medical Waste Management (Amendment) Rules 2018 in India. It discusses key aspects of the original 1998 rules and subsequent amendments, including categories of biomedical waste, segregation and handling requirements, and responsibilities of occupiers and operators. The 2018 amendments updated guidelines for waste treatment, phased out certain plastics, established timelines for waste tracking systems, and modified reporting procedures. Proper management of biomedical waste is important for public health and environmental protection.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and its categories. It notes that approximately 40 tons of waste is generated daily in India, but only 30% undergoes proper disposal. It outlines the various treatment and disposal methods for different categories of waste, including incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. Color coding and container requirements are also specified. The risks of exposure to healthcare waste include infections, genotoxicity, chemical toxicity, and radioactivity hazards. Proper waste management requires adherence to government rules and public education.
The document discusses liquid waste management from healthcare facilities. It covers categories of liquid waste, hazards posed, waste generated at facilities, treatment methods, and management approaches. Treatment involves either an effluent treatment plant (ETP) that uses primary and secondary treatment followed by disinfection, or local disinfection units for facilities without ETPs. One model discussed is Hypotreat, a continuous flow reactor in Ludhiana that ensures waste contacts disinfectant for sufficient time. Treated wastewater must meet standards before discharge to sewers. Proper liquid waste management is important to protect health.
From this slides you can get the better knowledge about Liquid waste management
If their is any confusion on this contents you can mail me
abishekregmi432@gmail.com
Dr. Satti M. Saleh discusses isolation precautions in hospitals. He outlines the rationale for precautions, which requires an organism, source, mode of transmission, and host. Sources of infection include patients, personnel, visitors, and the inanimate environment. Host factors include age, underlying diseases, and treatments that weaken defenses. Main transmission routes are contact, droplets, airborne, and vectors. Interrupting transmission is aimed at these routes but has disadvantages like added costs and depriving patients of social relationships. Guidelines have evolved from separate facilities in the 1800s to universal, body substance, and new precautions in the 1980s-1990s focusing on standard, contact, droplet and airborne transmission.
This document provides an overview of biomedical waste management. It begins with definitions of key terms like biomedical waste and infectious waste. It then discusses the classification of biomedical waste into 10 categories and the appropriate treatment and disposal methods for each. Some of the key risks of poor management are exposure to healthcare workers and spread of disease. The document also outlines regulatory requirements, waste handling protocols including segregation, storage, transportation, and on-site treatment methods like incineration. It concludes with specific guidance for mercury and sharps waste management in a dental clinic.
India is likely to generate about 775.5 tons of medical wast per day by 2020, from the current level of 550.9 tons per day growing at CAGR about 7%.
Safe and effective management of waste is not only a legal necessity but also a social responsibility.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It begins by introducing the types of hazardous materials generated in hospitals, including infected materials, cytotoxic drugs, and radioactive substances. It then describes the nature and quantities of hospital waste, classifying it as hazardous (15%) and non-hazardous (85%). Hazardous waste is further divided into infectious (10%) and toxic (5%) categories. The document outlines the health hazards of improper management, principles of infection control, and the Bio-Medical Waste Rules for treatment and disposal of different categories of waste.
The document discusses fundamentals of infection control including cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes cleaning as the general removal of debris to reduce organic matter for bacteria and viruses. Disinfection is reducing microbes to very low levels, while sterilization kills all microorganisms. Healthcare settings follow Spaulding's Classification system which categorizes items as critical, semi-critical, or non-critical depending on infection risk. Critical items requiring sterilization enter sterile tissue. Semi-critical items requiring high-level disinfection contact mucous membranes. Non-critical items requiring low-level disinfection only contact intact skin. The document also outlines standard procedures for cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings.
This document discusses biomedical waste and its management. It defines biomedical waste as anything used or tested on individuals or from biological experiments. It is generated from healthcare, research, and laboratory facilities. Most waste is non-infectious but some is infectious or hazardous. The waste is classified into 10 categories and different treatment methods are outlined depending on the category, such as incineration, autoclaving, or chemical treatment. Proper management is important to minimize infectious waste and treat it safely according to environmental legislation.
The document discusses different types of waste such as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and e-waste. It notes that waste is managed differently in cities versus villages. Effective waste management involves reducing waste produced, reusing materials, and recycling to turn waste into new products. The 3Rs of reduce, reuse, and recycle are presented as the best approach to dealing with the waste problem.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and classifies it into 10 categories. It describes the various treatment and disposal methods used like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. It discusses the health hazards of improper waste handling and the regulations in place in India for biomedical waste management according to the Bio-Medical Waste Rules of 1998.
The document discusses biomedical waste (BMW) management. It defines BMW and notes that it is generated from hospitals, clinics, labs, and other medical facilities. BMW is categorized based on infectivity and other hazardous properties. The key aspects of an effective BMW management program are waste segregation, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. Occupational safety and regulatory compliance are also important. The document provides details on BMW rules and guidelines in India to help facilities properly manage this waste to protect human health and the environment.
This document outlines standard infection control procedures and techniques. It defines microorganisms and the objectives of preventing infection spread and fulfilling regulatory requirements. It identifies roles such as the occupational health in-charge and nurse. Standard universal precautions are described like PPE use, waste management, and exposure reporting. Hazards are identified for various jobs handling blood and body fluids. Standard techniques include hygiene, PPE, and casualty handling. The exposure action plan and biomedical waste management colors and treatment are defined. Record keeping and responsibilities are also outlined.
The document discusses common biomedical waste treatment facilities (CBWTF) and their advantages over individual treatment by small healthcare units. It notes that CBWTF address costs and prevent proliferation of equipment by running treatment, like incineration, at full capacity. The main treatment methods discussed are incineration, autoclaving, shredding, and secured landfill disposal. Incineration treats around 90% of biomedical waste in Warangal by reducing it to inert ash and gases at high temperatures. Autoclaving and shredding also help treat waste in an environmentally-safe manner.
The document discusses standard precautions for preventing the spread of infections in healthcare settings. It defines standard precautions as a set of infection prevention measures that should be used for all patient care. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, safe injection practices, and proper waste handling and surface disinfection. The document provides guidance on these standard precaution measures.
This document discusses biomedical waste management systems. It defines biomedical waste and categorizes it into 10 categories based on type. The types of waste include human tissue, sharps, medications, and more. Improper management of biomedical waste poses health and environmental risks. The key methods for treating biomedical waste mentioned are incineration, autoclaving, hydroclaving, chemical disinfection, and deep burial. India's Biomedical Waste Management Rules outline treatment and disposal standards, including color-coding of waste containers. The rules were updated in 2016 to apply to all healthcare facilities uniformly.
The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste as waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals. It notes that biomedical waste includes infectious waste, pathological waste, sharps waste, pharmaceutical waste, genotoxic waste, chemical waste, and radioactive waste. The document also outlines the Ministry of Environment and Forest's classification of biomedical waste into 10 categories and the recommended treatment and disposal methods for each category. Key sources of biomedical waste are identified as hospitals, clinics, labs, and other healthcare facilities.
This document provides guidance on selecting and using personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings. It outlines the goals of a PPE program which are to improve safety through appropriate PPE use. It defines PPE and outlines regulations and recommendations from OSHA and CDC on PPE use. The document describes different types of PPE like gloves, gowns, masks, goggles and respirators and provides details on proper donning, use and removal to prevent exposure to infectious materials.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and outlines the objectives of proper management which are to minimize waste production, recycle waste when possible, treat waste through safe methods, ensure safety during handling, and prevent healthcare-associated infections. It classifies waste into four categories (yellow, red, white, blue) and describes the appropriate treatment and disposal methods for each category of waste.
This document discusses water-borne diseases and their prevention. It notes that water-borne diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, spread through contaminated water. Some of the most common water-borne diseases discussed are cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, and diarrhea. Prevention methods include access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation, hand washing, water purification, and vaccination. The document provides details on symptoms, transmission, and treatment for several specific water-borne diseases.
Over 75% of healthcare waste is non-hazardous, but there is no established system to segregate hazardous and non-hazardous waste. This mixing results in increased hazardous waste quantities. Healthcare waste is often dumped with municipal waste. Exposure to untreated healthcare waste poses infection, mechanical and chemical injury risks both inside and outside of healthcare facilities, and puts waste workers and the public at risk. Improper waste disposal can also release toxic pollutants into the environment.
This document provides an overview of biomedical waste management rules and regulations in India. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the key steps for managing waste, including characterization, quantification, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal. It discusses the current scenario of biomedical waste generation and treatment in India. It also summarizes the major differences between the 1998 and 2016 biomedical waste management rules, including changes to waste categories, treatment standards, and operator duties. Formats for authorization applications, annual reports, and accident reporting are also included.
The document discusses solid waste and its management. It defines solid waste and describes the different types and sources, including municipal, construction, hazardous, domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. It then discusses the causes of solid waste generation including overpopulation, urbanization, affluence, and advances in technology. The effects of improper solid waste handling are also outlined, followed by important practices for solid waste management such as source reduction, recycling, treatment, and disposal. Finally, various methods of solid waste disposal are described including composting, vermicomposting, landfilling, sanitary landfilling, combustion, and incineration.
The document provides guidelines for the implementation of biomedical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the categories of biomedical waste and how waste should be segregated at COVID isolation wards, sample collection centers, quarantine facilities, and more. Proper segregation, collection, storage, and handover procedures are outlined to ensure waste is managed safely without risk of further transmission. Training of healthcare workers on waste handling practices is also emphasized.
The document provides guidelines for the implementation of biomedical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the categories of biomedical waste and how waste should be segregated at COVID isolation wards, sample collection centers, quarantine facilities, and more. Proper segregation, collection, storage, and handover procedures are outlined to ensure waste is managed safely without risk of further transmission. Training of healthcare workers on waste handling practices is also emphasized.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It begins by introducing the types of hazardous materials generated in hospitals, including infected materials, cytotoxic drugs, and radioactive substances. It then describes the nature and quantities of hospital waste, classifying it as hazardous (15%) and non-hazardous (85%). Hazardous waste is further divided into infectious (10%) and toxic (5%) categories. The document outlines the health hazards of improper management, principles of infection control, and the Bio-Medical Waste Rules for treatment and disposal of different categories of waste.
The document discusses fundamentals of infection control including cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization. It describes cleaning as the general removal of debris to reduce organic matter for bacteria and viruses. Disinfection is reducing microbes to very low levels, while sterilization kills all microorganisms. Healthcare settings follow Spaulding's Classification system which categorizes items as critical, semi-critical, or non-critical depending on infection risk. Critical items requiring sterilization enter sterile tissue. Semi-critical items requiring high-level disinfection contact mucous membranes. Non-critical items requiring low-level disinfection only contact intact skin. The document also outlines standard procedures for cleaning and disinfection in healthcare settings.
This document discusses biomedical waste and its management. It defines biomedical waste as anything used or tested on individuals or from biological experiments. It is generated from healthcare, research, and laboratory facilities. Most waste is non-infectious but some is infectious or hazardous. The waste is classified into 10 categories and different treatment methods are outlined depending on the category, such as incineration, autoclaving, or chemical treatment. Proper management is important to minimize infectious waste and treat it safely according to environmental legislation.
The document discusses different types of waste such as biodegradable, non-biodegradable, and e-waste. It notes that waste is managed differently in cities versus villages. Effective waste management involves reducing waste produced, reusing materials, and recycling to turn waste into new products. The 3Rs of reduce, reuse, and recycle are presented as the best approach to dealing with the waste problem.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste and classifies it into 10 categories. It describes the various treatment and disposal methods used like incineration, autoclaving, chemical treatment, and secured landfilling. It discusses the health hazards of improper waste handling and the regulations in place in India for biomedical waste management according to the Bio-Medical Waste Rules of 1998.
The document discusses biomedical waste (BMW) management. It defines BMW and notes that it is generated from hospitals, clinics, labs, and other medical facilities. BMW is categorized based on infectivity and other hazardous properties. The key aspects of an effective BMW management program are waste segregation, collection, storage, transportation, and treatment. Occupational safety and regulatory compliance are also important. The document provides details on BMW rules and guidelines in India to help facilities properly manage this waste to protect human health and the environment.
This document outlines standard infection control procedures and techniques. It defines microorganisms and the objectives of preventing infection spread and fulfilling regulatory requirements. It identifies roles such as the occupational health in-charge and nurse. Standard universal precautions are described like PPE use, waste management, and exposure reporting. Hazards are identified for various jobs handling blood and body fluids. Standard techniques include hygiene, PPE, and casualty handling. The exposure action plan and biomedical waste management colors and treatment are defined. Record keeping and responsibilities are also outlined.
The document discusses common biomedical waste treatment facilities (CBWTF) and their advantages over individual treatment by small healthcare units. It notes that CBWTF address costs and prevent proliferation of equipment by running treatment, like incineration, at full capacity. The main treatment methods discussed are incineration, autoclaving, shredding, and secured landfill disposal. Incineration treats around 90% of biomedical waste in Warangal by reducing it to inert ash and gases at high temperatures. Autoclaving and shredding also help treat waste in an environmentally-safe manner.
The document discusses standard precautions for preventing the spread of infections in healthcare settings. It defines standard precautions as a set of infection prevention measures that should be used for all patient care. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, safe injection practices, and proper waste handling and surface disinfection. The document provides guidance on these standard precaution measures.
This document discusses biomedical waste management systems. It defines biomedical waste and categorizes it into 10 categories based on type. The types of waste include human tissue, sharps, medications, and more. Improper management of biomedical waste poses health and environmental risks. The key methods for treating biomedical waste mentioned are incineration, autoclaving, hydroclaving, chemical disinfection, and deep burial. India's Biomedical Waste Management Rules outline treatment and disposal standards, including color-coding of waste containers. The rules were updated in 2016 to apply to all healthcare facilities uniformly.
The document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste as waste generated during diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals. It notes that biomedical waste includes infectious waste, pathological waste, sharps waste, pharmaceutical waste, genotoxic waste, chemical waste, and radioactive waste. The document also outlines the Ministry of Environment and Forest's classification of biomedical waste into 10 categories and the recommended treatment and disposal methods for each category. Key sources of biomedical waste are identified as hospitals, clinics, labs, and other healthcare facilities.
This document provides guidance on selecting and using personal protective equipment (PPE) in healthcare settings. It outlines the goals of a PPE program which are to improve safety through appropriate PPE use. It defines PPE and outlines regulations and recommendations from OSHA and CDC on PPE use. The document describes different types of PPE like gloves, gowns, masks, goggles and respirators and provides details on proper donning, use and removal to prevent exposure to infectious materials.
The document discusses bio-medical waste management. It defines bio-medical waste and outlines the objectives of proper management which are to minimize waste production, recycle waste when possible, treat waste through safe methods, ensure safety during handling, and prevent healthcare-associated infections. It classifies waste into four categories (yellow, red, white, blue) and describes the appropriate treatment and disposal methods for each category of waste.
This document discusses water-borne diseases and their prevention. It notes that water-borne diseases are a major cause of death worldwide, spread through contaminated water. Some of the most common water-borne diseases discussed are cholera, typhoid, hepatitis A, and diarrhea. Prevention methods include access to safe drinking water, proper sanitation, hand washing, water purification, and vaccination. The document provides details on symptoms, transmission, and treatment for several specific water-borne diseases.
Over 75% of healthcare waste is non-hazardous, but there is no established system to segregate hazardous and non-hazardous waste. This mixing results in increased hazardous waste quantities. Healthcare waste is often dumped with municipal waste. Exposure to untreated healthcare waste poses infection, mechanical and chemical injury risks both inside and outside of healthcare facilities, and puts waste workers and the public at risk. Improper waste disposal can also release toxic pollutants into the environment.
This document provides an overview of biomedical waste management rules and regulations in India. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the key steps for managing waste, including characterization, quantification, segregation, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal. It discusses the current scenario of biomedical waste generation and treatment in India. It also summarizes the major differences between the 1998 and 2016 biomedical waste management rules, including changes to waste categories, treatment standards, and operator duties. Formats for authorization applications, annual reports, and accident reporting are also included.
The document discusses solid waste and its management. It defines solid waste and describes the different types and sources, including municipal, construction, hazardous, domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. It then discusses the causes of solid waste generation including overpopulation, urbanization, affluence, and advances in technology. The effects of improper solid waste handling are also outlined, followed by important practices for solid waste management such as source reduction, recycling, treatment, and disposal. Finally, various methods of solid waste disposal are described including composting, vermicomposting, landfilling, sanitary landfilling, combustion, and incineration.
The document provides guidelines for the implementation of biomedical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the categories of biomedical waste and how waste should be segregated at COVID isolation wards, sample collection centers, quarantine facilities, and more. Proper segregation, collection, storage, and handover procedures are outlined to ensure waste is managed safely without risk of further transmission. Training of healthcare workers on waste handling practices is also emphasized.
The document provides guidelines for the implementation of biomedical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the categories of biomedical waste and how waste should be segregated at COVID isolation wards, sample collection centers, quarantine facilities, and more. Proper segregation, collection, storage, and handover procedures are outlined to ensure waste is managed safely without risk of further transmission. Training of healthcare workers on waste handling practices is also emphasized.
COVID19 Hazards
BMW
pandemic
Health hazards
Guideline for covid waste management
Guildeline in Context of Nepal
Flow chart for COVID 19 waste management in Household level.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It begins with an introduction about the importance of proper hospital waste management for patient and staff health. It then defines key terminology related to biomedical waste. It classifies healthcare waste into categories including biomedical waste, general waste, and other wastes. It describes the color coding and container types used for waste segregation. It provides guidelines for biomedical waste collection, packaging, labeling, and interim storage. It concludes with information on biomedical waste treatment and disposal facilities and specific COVID-19 waste handling guidelines.
Biomedical waste and hospital wastewater management.pptKAMAL_PANDEY123
Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials.[1] It may also include waste associated with the generation of biomedical waste that visually appears to be of medical or laboratory origin (e.g. packaging, unused bandages, infusion kits etc.), as well research laboratory waste containing biomolecules or organisms that are mainly restricted from environmental release. As detailed below, discarded sharps are considered biomedical waste whether they are contaminated or not, due to the possibility of being contaminated with blood and their propensity to cause injury when not properly contained and disposed. Biomedical waste is a type of biowaste.
Biomedical waste may be solid or liquid. Examples of infectious waste include discarded blood, sharps, unwanted microbiological cultures and stocks, identifiable body parts (including those as a result of amputation), other human or animal tissue, used bandages and dressings, discarded gloves, other medical supplies that may have been in contact with blood and body fluids, and laboratory waste that exhibits the characteristics described above. Waste sharps include potentially contaminated used (and unused discarded) needles, scalpels, lancets and other devices capable of penetrating skin.
Biomedical waste is generated from biological and medical sources and activities, such as the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases. Common generators (or producers) of biomedical waste include hospitals, health clinics, nursing homes, emergency medical services, medical research laboratories, offices of physicians, dentists, veterinarians, home health care and morgues or funeral homes. In healthcare facilities (i.e. hospitals, clinics, doctor's offices, veterinary hospitals and clinical laboratories), waste with these characteristics may alternatively be called medical or clinical waste.
Biomedical waste is distinct from normal trash or general waste, and differs from other types of hazardous waste, such as chemical, radioactive, universal or industrial waste. Medical facilities generate waste hazardous chemicals and radioactive materials. While such wastes are normally not infectious, they require proper disposal. Some wastes are considered multihazardous, such as tissue samples preserved in formalin.
The document summarizes the hospital waste management project undertaken by the Government of Pakistan in 2006. It outlines the current issues with hospital waste disposal in Pakistan, including improper handling of hazardous materials. The project established new rules and guidelines for hospital waste management. It also included training over 4,500 healthcare professionals on proper segregation, storage, transportation and disposal of waste. The overall aim was to reduce health and environmental risks from improper waste handling.
This document discusses biomedical waste (BMW) management in hospitals. It defines BMW and lists sources such as hospitals, clinics, and labs. It outlines the key steps in BMW management: collection and segregation, transportation and storage, treatment and disposal. Treatment and disposal methods include incineration, deep burial, and autoclaving. The document also covers safety measures, training of healthcare workers, and the roles and coordination of hospitals, municipal authorities, and pollution control boards in effective BMW management.
This document provides guidelines for managing waste from COVID-19 diagnostics and treatment in accordance with existing biomedical waste management rules. It instructs stakeholders to follow practices that minimize transmission such as segregating waste, disinfecting treated wastewater, wearing proper PPE, and ensuring hand hygiene. It also addresses challenges like maintaining social distancing during training and waste collection. Key messages are to treat coronavirus waste as infectious waste, follow national and international guidance, and protect sanitation workers through the proper use of PPE.
Biomedical waste management and biohazards by Dr. Sonam AggarwalDr. Sonam Aggarwal
According to biomedical waste (management and Handling rules 1998 of India) –
"bio-medical waste" means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological or in health camps.
https://www.slideshare.net/SonamAggarwal7/biomedical-waste-management-and-biohazards-by-dr-sonam-aggarwal
This document discusses guidelines for biomedical waste management during the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders like healthcare facilities, labs, local bodies, and pollution control boards. It summarizes the CPCB guidelines for managing COVID-19 waste issued on April 18, 2020, which provide directions on proper segregation, collection, storage, and disposal of biomedical waste from isolation wards, labs, and quarantine centers. The guidelines emphasize the need for proper training, use of PPE, and compliance with existing biomedical waste management rules to ensure safety during waste handling and prevent spread of infection.
The document discusses waste management and provides definitions and classifications of different types of wastes. It notes that wastes come from various sources like households, commerce, industry, and agriculture. The effects of improper waste management are outlined, including impacts on health, the environment, and climate change. The summary recommends reducing waste generation, reusing materials, recycling, employee education, and adopting environmental management systems to promote more sustainable waste practices.
The document discusses waste management and the effects of waste. It defines different types of waste, sources of waste, and waste generation rates globally and locally. The effects of improper waste management on health, environment and climate are outlined. Solutions proposed include reducing, reusing, recycling, proper disposal, education, and establishing environmental management systems. The key aspects of developing and implementing an effective environmental management system are explained.
The document discusses waste management and the effects of waste. It defines different types of waste, sources of waste, and waste generation rates globally and locally. The effects of improper waste management on health, environment and climate are outlined. Solutions proposed include reducing, reusing, recycling, proper disposal, education, and establishing environmental management systems. The key aspects of developing and implementing an effective environmental management system are described.
This document discusses biomedical waste management. It defines biomedical waste as any waste generated from diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of humans or animals. It follows the cradle to grave approach of characterization, quantification, segregation, storage, transport, and treatment. The basic principles are reduce, recycle, and reuse waste. Biomedical waste in India faces challenges and the rules were updated in 2016 with stricter regulations for handling, transport, and treatment. Alternative technologies for treatment include low-heat, medium-heat, and high-heat options as well as chemical and biological methods.
This document discusses waste management and the application of eco-ethics. It defines wastes and outlines their various types and sources. Large amounts of waste are generated worldwide and in countries like the Philippines. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health, the environment and climate. The document recommends various strategies to reduce, reuse, donate and properly dispose of wastes. It also discusses the importance of employee education and environmental management systems in developing a sustainable waste management approach based on eco-ethical principles.
This document summarizes biomedical waste management practices in India. It defines biomedical waste and outlines the various types of waste generated from healthcare facilities. It discusses the legislation around biomedical waste management in India and the key responsibilities of waste generators and treatment facility operators. Proper waste segregation, packaging, transportation, treatment and disposal are essential to minimize health and environmental risks from biomedical waste. Regular monitoring and compliance are needed to effectively manage biomedical waste.
This document provides information on biomedical waste management in India. It discusses the rules and regulations around biomedical waste, including classification of waste into categories based on type. It also describes the process of waste generation, collection, treatment and disposal. Key points covered include outsourcing of waste management, recycling of plastics and other materials, and the roles and responsibilities of nurses in proper biomedical waste handling.
This document provides an overview of biomedical waste management. It begins with definitions of key terms like biomedical waste and discusses the types of wastes generated from healthcare facilities. It covers the history of regulations around biomedical waste and the key Indian laws from 1998 and 2011. Methods of waste management are summarized, including segregation, treatment approaches like incineration, and final disposal. The roles and responsibilities of waste generators and operators are also mentioned. Overall, the document aims to introduce the topic of biomedical waste management and the approaches and regulations around safe handling of this waste.
Mental Health and well-being Presentation. Exploring innovative approaches and strategies for enhancing mental well-being. Discover cutting-edge research, effective strategies, and practical methods for fostering mental well-being.
Joker Wigs has been a one-stop-shop for hair products for over 26 years. We provide high-quality hair wigs, hair extensions, hair toppers, hair patch, and more for both men and women.
VEDANTA AIR AMBULANCE SERVICES IN REWA AT A COST-EFFECTIVE PRICE.pdfVedanta A
Air Ambulance Services In Rewa works in close coordination with ground-based emergency services, including local Emergency Medical Services, fire departments, and law enforcement agencies.
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More@: https://tinyurl.com/5n8h3wp8
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near YouNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Hypertension and it's role of physiotherapy in it.Vishal kr Thakur
This particular slides consist of- what is hypertension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is summary of hypertension -
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a serious medical condition that occurs when blood pressure in the body's arteries is consistently too high. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels as the heart pumps it. Hypertension can increase the risk of heart disease, brain disease, kidney disease, and premature death.
Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Children - Counselling and Family Thera...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
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End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) is the level of carbon dioxide that is released at the end of an exhaled breath. ETCO2 levels reflect the adequacy with which carbon dioxide (CO2) is carried in the blood back to the lungs and exhaled.
Non-invasive methods for ETCO2 measurement include capnometry and capnography. Capnometry provides a numerical value for ETCO2. In contrast, capnography delivers a more comprehensive measurement that is displayed in both graphical (waveform) and numerical form.
Sidestream devices can monitor both intubated and non-intubated patients, while mainstream devices are most often limited to intubated patients.
This particular slides consist of- what is hypotension,what are it's causes and it's effect on body, risk factors, symptoms,complications, diagnosis and role of physiotherapy in it.
This slide is very helpful for physiotherapy students and also for other medical and healthcare students.
Here is the summary of hypotension:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is when the pressure of blood circulating in the body is lower than normal or expected. It's only a problem if it negatively impacts the body and causes symptoms. Normal blood pressure is usually between 90/60 mmHg and 120/80 mmHg, but pressures below 90/60 are generally considered hypotensive.
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
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2. COVID-19 Guidelines
• Recent guidelines issued by CPCB on 21st July 2020
• COVID-19 suspected / confirmed patients, Healthcare
Facilities, Quarantine Camps/ Quarantine-homes/
Home-care, Sample Collection Centers, Laboratories
• SPCBs/PCCs, ULBs and CBWTFs in addition to existing
practices under BMW Management Rules, 2016
• Purpose of Biomedical Waste Management is to protect:
– Human health and
– Environment
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3. Segregation
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• As precaution double
layered bags (using 2
bags) should be used for
collection of waste from
COVID-19 isolation wards
so as to ensure adequate
strength and no-leaks;
• Thickness of these bags
prescribed under BMW
rules 2016 is 100 microns
• Keep separate colour
coded bins (with foot
operated lids) 2 /bags
/containers in wards
5. Covid 19 Centre Waste
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• Hand over the yellow bags containing biomedical
waste to authorized waste collectors at door steps
engaged by local bodies; or
• Deposit biomedical waste in yellow bags at
designated deposition Centers established by ULBs.
• Handover the biomedical waste to waste collector
engaged by CBWTF operator at the doorstep.
• Persons operating Quarantine camps/centers or
Quarantine-homes/Home-care should report to ULBs
in case of any difficulty in getting the services for
disposal of solid waste or biomedical waste.
8. Persistence of Corona Virus
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Different types of waste and
persistence of coronavirus
on its surface [Data were
taken from (Kampf et al.,
2020; van Doremalen et al.,
2020) and illustration of the
SARS-CoV-2 taken from
(CDC, 2020)]. .
9. During Shortage of PPE
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• Recycle - Reuse - Reduce has been
the mantra for reducing plastics waste
accumulation in the environment.
• PPEs have to be dismantled before
they are exposed to chlorine, alcohol
or ethylene oxide vapours.
• Besides, since the chlorine and alcohol
solutions are mostly applied in the form
of a mist, the PPEs remain wet and
need an additional process of drying.
10. PPE kept for drying after disinfection
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(Source: www.battelle.org)
11. Disposal of used PPEs
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• Waste masks and gloves in general households should be kept
in paper bag for a minimum of 72 hours, cut & dispose as dry
general solid waste.
• Discarded PPEs from general public at commercial
establishments, shopping malls, institutions, offices, etc. should
be stored in separate bin for 3 days, and disposed after
cutting/shredding.
• At Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs), discarded PPEs
containing plastic should be shredded and sent to SPCB
authorised plastic waste recyclers, or energy recovery
converted into refuse derived fuel (RDF) for (in Waste to
Energy Plants) or for road making.
• Shredded PPEs may be disposed at landfill only in case the
requisite infrastructure as required under SWM Rules is not
available in the State.
12. Disposal of used PPEs contd.
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PPEs doffed by healthcare workers accompanying diseased
body of COVID-19 patient to crematorium / graveyards should
be treated as biomedical waste and disposed as per provisions
under SWM Rules, 2016 and BMW Management Rules, 2016.
Crematoriums/graveyards may opt for disposal of such PPEs is
given below;
• Should be collected in separate bin with yellow-bag and
handed over to authorized waste picker engaged by of ULBs
for disposal through CBWTFs. Or
• Dispose as domestic hazardous waste (biomedical waste)
and may be deposited at designated deposition centers
identified by ULBs for pick-up by CBWTFs. Or
13. Disposal of used PPEs contd.
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• May ask healthcare staff to take-back the PPEs after
collecting it in red and yellow bags/bins provided in the
hospital ambulance itself. Or
• May ask the healthcare workers to doff the PPEs at the
hospital or healthcare unit from where they collected the
corpse.
• Used masks from visitors to crematorium/ graveyards including
crematorium staff should be collected in separate bins and
stored for 72 hours prior to disposal as dry general solid waste
through local bodies.
16. Waste increased due to Corona
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• Ever since the news of human-to-human
transmission of corona virus hit the world media,
there was a sudden surge in demand for masks,
gloves, hand sanitizers, and other essential
commodities.
• The WHO modelling estimated a requirement of
89 million medical masks for the COVID-19
response each month and 76 million
examination gloves, while international demand
for goggles stands at 1.6 million per month
(WHO, 2020c).
• Wuhan China (in public Domain):
– Usual daily Medical waste generation = 50 Tons
– Daily Medical waste during Corona = 240 Tons
18. BMW Treatment facilities in India
• As per CPCB report 2018 a total of 200 CBWTFs are operational in India.
CBWTF under construction are 28.
• Other Captive Incinerators used by Healthcare Institutions are 120.
• The healthcare facilities having onsite treatment facilities are 12326.
• There are 2,70,416 no. of Health Care Facilities (HCFs)
out of which 97,382 no. of HCFs are bedded
and 1,73,831 no. of HCFs are non-bedded.
• The total generation of bio-medical waste is about 614 tonnes per day
out of which about 534 tonnes per day are treated in CBWTFs and
captive treatment facilities.
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19. Effect of Covid19 on Environment
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Science of the Total
Environment 728
(2020) 138813
20. Indirect Effect of Covid on Environment
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Positive indirect effects of COVID-19 on the environment are:
1. Clean beaches: The lack of tourists, as a result of the social
distancingmeasures due to the new coronavirus pandemic,
has caused a notable change in the appearance of many
beaches in the world. For example, beaches like those of
Acapulco (Mexico), Barcelona (Spain), or Salinas (Ecuador)
now look cleaner and with crystal clear waters.
2. Reduction of environmental noise level: The imposition of
quarantine measures by most governments has caused
people to stay at home. With this, the use of private and
publictransportation has decreased significantly. Also,
commercial activities have stopped almost entirely. All
these changes have caused the noise level to drop
considerably in most cities in the world.
21. Positive Effects of Covid on Environment
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3. Decreased concentrations of NO2 and PM 2.5: the
Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) of
the European Union observed a drop of PM 2.5 last
February in relation to the previous three years.
According to CAMS (2020), a drop of approximately
20–30% of PM 2.5 is observed in large parts of China,
when comparing the difference between the monthly
average for February 2020 and the mean of the
monthly averages for February 2017, 2018, and 2019. No2 Effect on China
23. Negative Effects on Environment
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Increased waste:
• Medical waste is also on the rise. Hospitals in Wuhan produced an
average of 240 metric tons of medical waste per day during the
outbreak, compared to their previous average of fewer than 50
tons.
• In other countries such as the USA, there has been an increase in
garbage from personal protective equipment such as masks and
gloves (Calma, 2020).
Reduced recycling:
• Waste recycling has always been a major environmental problem
of interest to all countries (Liu et al., 2020). Recycling is a common
and effective way to prevent pollution, save energy, and
conserve natural resources (Varotto and Spagnolli, 2017; Ma et
al., 2019).
• As a result of the pandemic, countries such as the USA have
stopped recycling programs in some of their cities.
24. Other Effects on Environment
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Excess of Chlorine:
• China has asked wastewater treatment plants to strengthen their
disinfection routines (mainly through increased use of chlorine) to
prevent the new corona virus from spreading through the
wastewater.
• However, there is no evidence on the survival of the SARS-CoV2
virus in drinking water or wastewater (WHO, 2020b).
• On the contrary, the excess of chlorine in the water could
generate harmful effects on people's health (Koivusalo and
Vartiainen, 1997).