Recombinant dna technology (production of recombinant insulin)

1. Production of recombinant
- Insulin
SUBMITTED TO , PRESENTED BY
NAME :MISS P . MALA NAME : C. ASIMA
UNIVERCITY NAME: PMIST VALLAM, THANJAVUR REGISTER NUM: 123011356019
DESIGNATION : ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY YEAR : 1 YEAR MSC
DISTRICT : THANJAVUR BRANCH : BIOTECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY M.SC 1 YEAR (BIOTECH)

2. Introduction
 Insulin is prepared by recombinant DNA (rDNA)
technology for medicinal purposes on a large scale.
 It was first produced in 1983 by an American Biotech
company

3. Insulin production
 Insulin has been used for many years to treat diabetes.
 The human insulin is comprised of 51 amino acids and has a
molecular weight of 5808 Da. It is produced by beta cells of
the pancreas
 is well managed by taking insulin. Earlier insulin was
extracted from the pancreas of killed cattle and pigs.

4. Types of insulin
 Fast-acting insulin
 Intermediate-acting insulin
 Long-acting insulin.

5. Structure of insulin
 Insulin has two peptide chains referred to as A chain
and B chain
 These two chains are linked together by two
disulfide bonds.
 A chain has 21 amino acids and B chain has 30
amino acids.

6. Insulin is a protein hormone produced by
the beta cells of the pancreas.
Where is insulin produced

8. Difference between natural and
recombinant insulin
Insulin is a protein hormone synthesised by the beta cells of the pancreas. It is produced as a
prohormone, i.e. Preproinsulin. The signal peptide cleaves to give proinsulin.
Proinsulin has to be further processed to become functional. Proinsulin contains another peptide
chain known as ‘C’ peptide in addition to ‘A’ and ‘B’ peptides, which are required for its functionality.
From proinsulin, the C peptide is removed at the time of maturation.
The genetically engineered insulin does not contain the C peptide.

9. Applications
 Rapid- or short-acting insulin helps reduce blood
glucose levels at mealtimes
 intermediate or long-acting insulin helps with
managing the body’s general needs.
 Both help manage blood glucose levels.

10. Advantage
 Humulin has a high absorption rate and shows its
effectiveness in a short period of time.
 Humulin is less expensive than animal insulin.
 It causes few allergic reactions as compared to
animal insulin.

11. MCQ
 1) Which cells of the pancreas produce insulin?
 A) alpha cells b) beta cells c) leyding cells d) interstitial cells
 2) number of polypeptide chain in insulin are
 A) 2 b) 3 C)1 d) 4
 3) insulin stored in which location ?
 A) vacuous b) cytosol c) bile d) liver
 4) insulin synthesised in
 A) beta cells of pancreas B) LIVER C) alpha cells of pancreas
 1) beta cells 2) 2 3) cytosol 4) beta cells of pancreas

12. Reference

 “Mouse PubMed Reference:”. National Center for Biotechnology
Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
 “Insulin | Meaning of Insulin by Lexico”. Lexico Dictionaries |
English. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020.
 “insulin – WordReference.com Dictionary of English”.
www.wordreference.com.

13.  Insulin human”. PubChem. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
 “Deadly sea snail uses weaponised insulin to make its prey sluggish”. The
Guardian. 19 January 2015

14. THANK YOU