what is insulin, its history, the latest update, and human insulin production?

1. Presented by:
TAYYABA ARIF

2.  The things which are used in the
process of synthesis of insulin.
 Plasmid.
 cDNA.
 Bacterial cell.
 Human pancreatic cell.
 Fermentation tank.

3.  The insulin gene is a protein which has two
separate chains of amino acids.
 A chain and B chain. The chain A has 21 amino
acids and B has the 30 amino acids.
 The insulin is produced as preproinsulin which is
the long protein chain with A and B chains
together after this the protein start secreting
outside the cell.
 And this chain becomes proinsulin. The
proinsulin is a chain having a signaling
sequence.
 Then the active insulin protein produces which
do not have the linking A and B chains. In above
steps the proteins need the enzyme to produce
the new form of insulin

4.  BACTERIAL DNA.
 HUMAN PANCREATIC CELL.
 CUTTING OF PLASMID.
 INSERTION OF GENE INTO THE PLASMID.
 INTRO OF RECOMBINAT DNA INTO THE
ACTERIAL CELL.
 RECOMBINAT DNA MULTIPLIACTION IN
FERMATION TANK.
 EXTRATCION AND PURIICATION OF INSULIN.

6.  From tobacco leaves the proinsulin was
extracted with 98%.
 The unprocessed insulin encapsulated in the
plant cell or sometime.
 It is injected into the mice.
 Very high level of proinsulin is present in the
tobacco leaves.

7. Type of transgenic plant Tobacco Lettuce
Destination of the product Chloroplast Chloroplast
Percentage of Total leaf
protein
47% 53%
Protein yield per gram of
leaf tissue
2.92/gm 3.28/gm

8.  There are some methods for check the
impurity of insulin:
 Liquid chromatography of high performance
is used for check the impurities in the
insulin.
 X-ray crystallography.
 Gel filtration.
 Amino acid sequenced.

9.  Syringe in the blood.
 Phobia of injection.
 Pen.
 Also pen requires a
separate needle for
every injection.
 Alternate jet-injector.
 Insulin pump.

12. Increase in number of diabetic patient.
Recombinant human insulin is produced by using
E.COLI.
Also focus on transgenic plant have very
attractive expression system.
In seeds or leaves very high expression of
proinsulin is present.

14. Pharmaceutical
biotechnology.
For high blood
glucose.
Rapid
production by
using bacterial
cells.
Transgenic
plants.
Active insulin.
Help as a
recombinant
protein.
Ways of
injected.