White collar crimes are non-violent crimes committed by high-status individuals for financial gain. Edwin Sutherland, the "father of white collar crime," defined it as crimes committed by respectable people in the course of their occupation. White collar crimes include fraud, embezzlement, insider trading, tax evasion, and other offenses that involve deception. They cause significant harm to society through financial losses, unsafe products, pollution, and an attitude of being above the law. Common in India due to its fast-growing economy, white collar crimes are addressed through laws like the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and the Indian Penal Code. Education and awareness of these crimes is needed to deter their growth.

1. ASHOK KUMAR (ROLL NO. 02 )
(LLM - I Criminal Group 2016-17)

2. White Collar Crime
 Known as crime of the powerful.
 Committed by a person of high social status and
respectability.
 Act of white Collar crimes are not treated as criminal.
 White collar crimes are not treated like the crimes of
‘ordinary’ people.
 White collar crimes are under reported.

3. Father of White Collar Crime
 Edwin Sutherland- “crime committed by a person of
respectability and high social status in the course of
his occupation”.
 He wanted it to be recognized as crimes.
 Sutherland wanted a comparison of the affluent that
committed crimes.
 “professionals” were not considered criminals
 Wanted to develop more theories of criminal
behaviour.

4. Other terms for white Collar Crimes
 Elite Deviance
 Respectable Crime
 Upperworld Crime
 Occupational Crime
 Corporate Crime

5. White Collar Vs. Blue Collar Crime
Basis Of Comparison White Collar Crime Blue Collar Crime
Meaning A job that requires
clerical work
A job that require
physical labor
Place of work Office Field or industry
Job performed by Employees Workers
Remuneration Salary Wages
Basis of payment Performance Hours worked
Requirement of Job Brain Muscle power
Payment Cycle Monthly Daily
Social Status High Low
Effect on society Indirect but Grievous Direct but less than
white Collar Crime

6. Extent of White Collar Crimes
 Corruption in Government:- Corruption in government
offices and in which public servants are involved.
 Political Corruption:- Corruption and indecency in
political life informs all the sections of society.
 Corporate sector Corruption:- Usually occurs when a
strongly competitive business environment fosters
corporate irregularities.
 White Collar Crimes in professions:- Among the many
professions where opportunities for committing white-
collar crimes are abundant the professions which come
readily to one's mind are those of medicine and law.

7. Types of White Collar Crimes
 Bank Fraud:- Acts to defraud a bank of funds.
 Blackmail:- A demand for money or other consideration
under threat.
 Bribery:- Any thing offered with intent to influence the
other party.
 Embezzlement:- Use of property or fund entrusted, for
self benefit.
 Hoarding:- holding scarce resources, to sold it a higher
price.
 Black Marketing:- Selling of illegal thing or selling legal
thing in illegal way.

8. Types of White Collar Crimes
 Food and Drug Adulteration:- Mixing of inferior or
harmful thing to any substance.
 Computer Fraud:- Fraud involving hacking or stealing
information.
 Extortion:- obtaining someone’s property by actual or
threatened force.
 Insider trading:- Use of confidential or advance
information to trade in Public shares.
 Money-Laundering:- concealment of origin of illegally
obtained money.
 Tax Fraud:- Evading tax by providing wrong information.

9. Causes of White Collar Crimes
 Not really a crime:- Some offenders convince themselves
that the actions performed by them are not.
 Not realizable :- Some people feel that the government
regulations do not understand the practical problems.
 Lack of awareness:- People are not aware about white
collar crimes.
 Greed:- Greed is another motivation of the commission of
crime.
 Necessity:- People commit white collar crimes in order to
support their family.

10. Dangers of White Collar Crime
 Billions of dollars lost at the expense of tax payers
 Ignored safety regulations for employers
 Unsafe products on market
 Polluted air and waters
 Above the law attitude
 Excessive greed

11. White Collar Crime in India
 India is equally in the grip like any other country.
 Fast developing economy and industrial growth is
reason
 The Santhanam Committee report gave a vivid picture
of white collar crimes committed by respected
persons.
 The report of Vivin Bose Commission highlighted how
these industrialist indulges in white collar crimes.
 Similar observation are made by Mr. Justice M.C.
Changal about the big business magnate Mundhra.

12. Laws relating to White Collar Crimes
 Essential Commodity Act, 1955.
 The Industrial (Development and Regulation) Act,
1951
 The Import and Export (Control) Act, 1947
 The Foreign Exchange (Regulation) Act, 1974
 Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002
 Indian Penal Code, 1860
 Information Technology Act, 2000

13.  If everyone at a particular business keep an eye, it
would detour potential thieves.
 Solution is to be come from peoples affected.
 Peoples are to be made aware about this.
 If not, white collar crime will be out of control, and
will gulp our economy.
Conclusion