This document discusses various irrigation techniques and devices used in endodontic treatment. It begins by explaining the importance of irrigation to cleanse the complex root canal system. It then describes several manual and machine-assisted irrigation methods including syringe irrigation with needles, brushes, manual dynamic agitation, rotary brushes, sonic and ultrasonic devices, and pressure alternating devices like the EndoVac and RinsEndo systems. The self-adjusting file is also introduced. The document concludes that newer irrigation devices can provide more effective cleaning than conventional needle irrigation.
This document summarizes recent advances in irrigation devices used in endodontics. It describes both manual and machine-assisted irrigation techniques. For manual techniques, it discusses syringe irrigation with different needle types, use of brushes, and manual dynamic irrigation. It also covers machine-assisted devices like rotary brushes, continuous irrigation during instrumentation, sonic irrigation with devices like the Rispisonic file and Endoactivator. The document provides details on how each technique works and its advantages over other methods.
This document summarizes various endodontic irrigants used during root canal treatment. It describes the properties and effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), iodine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, a mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD), Tetraclean, maleic acid, bis-dequalinium acetate (BDA), triclosan with Gantrez, and chlorine dioxide. It provides details on how each irrigant aids in disinfection, removal of smear layer and debris, and substantivity within the root canal system. The document emphasizes
The document discusses current concepts of endodontic irrigation. It notes that complete mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system is impossible, so irrigation is necessary to eradicate present infections and prevent future reinfection for successful treatment. Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant but has disadvantages like toxicity. Chelating agents like EDTA and citric acid are used to remove the smear layer. Chlorhexidine has antimicrobial properties and can remain active in tissue but does not remove debris. No single solution is ideal, so combining solutions in the proper sequence maximizes effectiveness.
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
This document discusses various irrigation devices used in endodontics. It describes manual irrigation devices like syringes, brushes, and dynamic agitation. It also discusses machine-assisted devices like rotary brushes, sonic devices, ultrasonic irrigation, and pressure alternation devices like the EndoVac system. Recent advances discussed include lasers, light-activated disinfection, electrochemically activated water, and oxidative potential water.
Root canal sealers are used with obturating materials to seal the root canal system. They serve functions like filling irregularities, sealing lateral canals, and assisting with microbial control. Ideal sealers provide an excellent seal, adhere well to canal walls and filling material, are radiopaque, and more. Common types include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Resin sealers like AH Plus and AH 26 offer advantages like good adhesion, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility but must be mixed properly to avoid adverse reactions. Proper application of sealers within the canal is important to avoid irritation.
Instrument seperation and its managementNivedha Tina
This document discusses factors related to endodontic instrument separation, including prevalence, incidence, contributing factors, and management techniques. It covers topics such as tooth, instrument, operator, and patient factors that influence separation as well as techniques to prevent separation. The document provides an overview of considerations for removing separated instruments and discusses how canal morphology, curvature, and location within the canal impact separation and removal success rates.
This document provides information on root canal obturation materials. It defines obturation as the three dimensional filling of the entire root canal system as close to the cementodentinal junction as possible. The objectives and ideal requirements of root canal filling materials are described. Materials are classified and various materials used for filling root canals are discussed, including gutta percha, resilon, silver points, and various cements. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of gutta percha are summarized. Recent advances in materials like medicated gutta percha and resilon are also outlined.
This document summarizes recent advances in irrigation devices used in endodontics. It describes both manual and machine-assisted irrigation techniques. For manual techniques, it discusses syringe irrigation with different needle types, use of brushes, and manual dynamic irrigation. It also covers machine-assisted devices like rotary brushes, continuous irrigation during instrumentation, sonic irrigation with devices like the Rispisonic file and Endoactivator. The document provides details on how each technique works and its advantages over other methods.
This document summarizes various endodontic irrigants used during root canal treatment. It describes the properties and effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), iodine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, a mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD), Tetraclean, maleic acid, bis-dequalinium acetate (BDA), triclosan with Gantrez, and chlorine dioxide. It provides details on how each irrigant aids in disinfection, removal of smear layer and debris, and substantivity within the root canal system. The document emphasizes
The document discusses current concepts of endodontic irrigation. It notes that complete mechanical cleaning of the complex root canal system is impossible, so irrigation is necessary to eradicate present infections and prevent future reinfection for successful treatment. Sodium hypochlorite is the most commonly used irrigant but has disadvantages like toxicity. Chelating agents like EDTA and citric acid are used to remove the smear layer. Chlorhexidine has antimicrobial properties and can remain active in tissue but does not remove debris. No single solution is ideal, so combining solutions in the proper sequence maximizes effectiveness.
Endodontic sealers a summary and a quick review Rami Al-Saedi
a slideshow presentation lectured and presented in Al-Sadr Specialized dental center in the continuing dental learning weekly lectures.
Rusafa medical institute- Baghdad- Iraq
lecturer: Dr. Rami Ahmed Jumaah (BDS)
Supervisor: Dr. Iman J. Ahmed (BDS: MSc)
This document discusses various irrigation devices used in endodontics. It describes manual irrigation devices like syringes, brushes, and dynamic agitation. It also discusses machine-assisted devices like rotary brushes, sonic devices, ultrasonic irrigation, and pressure alternation devices like the EndoVac system. Recent advances discussed include lasers, light-activated disinfection, electrochemically activated water, and oxidative potential water.
Root canal sealers are used with obturating materials to seal the root canal system. They serve functions like filling irregularities, sealing lateral canals, and assisting with microbial control. Ideal sealers provide an excellent seal, adhere well to canal walls and filling material, are radiopaque, and more. Common types include zinc oxide-eugenol, calcium hydroxide, and resin-based sealers. Resin sealers like AH Plus and AH 26 offer advantages like good adhesion, antibacterial properties, and biocompatibility but must be mixed properly to avoid adverse reactions. Proper application of sealers within the canal is important to avoid irritation.
Instrument seperation and its managementNivedha Tina
This document discusses factors related to endodontic instrument separation, including prevalence, incidence, contributing factors, and management techniques. It covers topics such as tooth, instrument, operator, and patient factors that influence separation as well as techniques to prevent separation. The document provides an overview of considerations for removing separated instruments and discusses how canal morphology, curvature, and location within the canal impact separation and removal success rates.
This document provides information on root canal obturation materials. It defines obturation as the three dimensional filling of the entire root canal system as close to the cementodentinal junction as possible. The objectives and ideal requirements of root canal filling materials are described. Materials are classified and various materials used for filling root canals are discussed, including gutta percha, resilon, silver points, and various cements. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages of gutta percha are summarized. Recent advances in materials like medicated gutta percha and resilon are also outlined.
This document discusses irrigation in endodontics. It provides an introduction to irrigation solutions and devices used, challenges of irrigation, and recent advances. It describes the ideal characteristics of endodontic irrigants and commonly used solutions such as sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite is the current irrigant of choice and its properties, concentrations, effects on dentin, and safety considerations are discussed in detail. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of irrigation in endodontic treatment.
MTA is a unique material with many clinical applications in endodontics such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, repair of root perforations, apexification, and root-end fillings. It has advantages over other materials due to its biocompatibility, ability to set in the presence of moisture, and promotion of tissue regeneration. MTA consists mainly of Portland cement with bismuth oxide and gypsum added. It has an alkaline pH, good sealing ability, and promotes the formation of hard tissues. Procedures using MTA typically involve placement over a wound site and maintaining moisture during setting.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
A simple presentation to guide a dentist to choose best irrigant for the case. types of irrigants, their properties, advantages and disadvantages and tips has been discussed through this presentation.
The document summarizes various irrigation techniques used in endodontic treatment. It discusses manual techniques like syringe irrigation with needles and brushes. It also covers machine-assisted techniques like rotary brushes, sonic irrigation using devices like the Endoactivator, and ultrasonic irrigation techniques like passive ultrasonic irrigation. Pressure alternation devices like the RinsEndo and EndoVac that use negative pressure are also summarized. The document emphasizes the importance of overcoming the apical vapor lock to achieve thorough irrigation of the entire root canal system.
This document discusses irrigation techniques and solutions used in endodontics. It states that irrigation is necessary to clean areas that instruments cannot reach, like fins and anastomoses. The ideal irrigant has antimicrobial properties, tissues dissolving ability, lubrication, and can remove the smear layer while being non-toxic. Commonly used irrigants include sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, EDTA, and MTAD. Proper irrigation requires needles inserted to the full working length and solutions delivered slowly and passively.
LASERS IN ENDODONTICS AND CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRYBlagoja Lazovski
Laser technology is used in dentistry for a variety of applications. Lasers can be used for soft tissue procedures, hard tissue procedures, detection of cavities, teeth whitening, and curing of dental materials. The erbium laser is particularly useful as it allows for ablation of hard dental tissues with minimal thermal damage. Lasers offer advantages over traditional dental tools like drills in being more precise and causing less pain for patients.
Biofilm is a microbial community characterized by cells attached to a surface and embedded in an extracellular matrix. Biofilms form in root canals and on materials placed in root canals. They are resistant to disinfection and prevent healing. Sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and MTAD are used to eradicate biofilms, but they often persist. Advanced techniques like lasers, photodynamic therapy, and ultrasound improve disinfection but sometimes biofilms still remain.
This document provides an overview of various irrigation techniques and devices used in endodontics. It begins with an introduction to the importance of irrigation in root canal treatment and discusses some of the limitations of conventional needle irrigation. The document then classifies irrigation methods into manual and machine-assisted techniques. Under manual techniques, it describes brushes, dynamic irrigation using gutta percha, and various needle designs. Machine-assisted techniques discussed include continuous irrigation devices, rotary brushes, sonic devices like the EndoActivator, and ultrasonic irrigation. The document provides details on the mechanism and effectiveness of different agitation systems based on supporting literature.
This document discusses endodontic mishaps and procedural accidents that can occur during root canal treatment. It begins by defining endodontic mishaps and classifying them into categories such as access related, instrumentation related, and obturation related mishaps. Specific mishaps like treating the wrong tooth, missed canals, ledge formation, and perforations are described in detail. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing mishaps, correcting them properly, and preventing future errors through careful diagnosis, instrumentation techniques, and quality control measures.
Sonics and ultrasonics in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
Ultrasonic and sonic instrumentation are techniques used in endodontics that involve imparting sinusoidal vibrations to endodontic files at ultrasonic or sonic frequencies. While both techniques activate files vibrationally, they differ in power source, frequency, handpieces, and files used. Studies have found that while ultrasonics can efficiently remove dentin, controlling file position makes it difficult for precise root canal shaping, especially in the apical region. In contrast, sonics may offer superior efficiency due to its longitudinal oscillatory pattern that is less impeded in narrow canals. Both techniques show promise but proper understanding and use of their characteristics is important to avoid risks like ledging, perforation or
this presenation includes definition, history, various components of smear layer, importance of smear layer, whether to remove it while doing root canal and restoration or not?
This document discusses endodontic retreatment. It defines retreatment as removing root canal filling materials from a tooth to clean, shape, and re-obturate the canals. Reasons for retreatment include persistent or reinroduced intraradicular microorganisms, extraradicular infection, foreign body reaction, or true cysts. Evaluation involves clinical examination, radiographs, and assessing for symptoms like pain, swelling or sinus tracts. Success is defined as resolution of symptoms and periapical radiolucency, while failure is persistence or worsening of these signs.
A detailed presentation on Endodontic failures starting from the basics in case selection to final prosthesis. Good for Post Graduates and Under Graduates.
This document provides information on single file systems for root canal preparation. It discusses the history of reciprocation motion and generations of rotary file systems. Specific single file systems like WaveOne and Reciproc are described in detail, including their design features and advantages. The document emphasizes that recent advances in endodontics have focused on completing root canal shaping with only one or two files to be more efficient and minimize procedural errors.
This document discusses different techniques for root canal obturation using gutta-percha. It describes lateral compaction technique which involves using a master gutta-percha cone coated with sealer followed by accessory cones compacted laterally using spreaders. It also describes vertical compaction technique involving softening gutta-percha segments using heated pluggers to vertically compact it filling the entire canal space. The document provides details on properties, types and advantages and disadvantages of various gutta-percha obturation techniques.
Minimally invasive endodontics by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document discusses principles of minimally invasive endodontics. It defines minimally invasive dentistry and lists the primary goals of endodontics as tooth retention and preventing/managing pulpal and periapical disease while preserving structural integrity. The document discusses strategies for minimally invasive access cavity preparation and shaping of the root canal space. It emphasizes the importance of conserving tooth structure, maintaining smaller canal sizes when possible, and avoiding excessive dentin removal to strengthen teeth and reduce fracture risks.
This document discusses irrigation and disinfection of the root canal system. It covers the objectives of irrigation including flushing out debris, lubricating canals, dissolving tissues, and preventing/removing smear layers. Five factors that influence irrigation are discussed: time, frequency, type of irrigant, agitation, and volume. Common irrigants like sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and EDTA are described in detail along with their properties, concentrations, and interactions. Various irrigation delivery systems and agitation devices are also presented, including manual agitation, sonic/ultrasonic, negative pressure techniques, lasers and more.
The document discusses recent advances in rotary endodontic instrumentation. It describes several new rotary file systems including Revo-S, which uses only 3 nickel-titanium instruments to simplify treatment while optimizing cleaning. It also discusses the GTX M-Wire system, which features files made of a new nickel titanium wire that has greatly enhanced resistance to cyclic fatigue. The Self-Adjusting File is also summarized, which has a hollow design that allows for continuous irrigation and lacks a rigid metal core to help avoid canal transportation in curved canals.
This document discusses irrigation in endodontics. It provides an introduction to irrigation solutions and devices used, challenges of irrigation, and recent advances. It describes the ideal characteristics of endodontic irrigants and commonly used solutions such as sodium hypochlorite. Sodium hypochlorite is the current irrigant of choice and its properties, concentrations, effects on dentin, and safety considerations are discussed in detail. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of irrigation in endodontic treatment.
MTA is a unique material with many clinical applications in endodontics such as pulp capping, pulpotomy, repair of root perforations, apexification, and root-end fillings. It has advantages over other materials due to its biocompatibility, ability to set in the presence of moisture, and promotion of tissue regeneration. MTA consists mainly of Portland cement with bismuth oxide and gypsum added. It has an alkaline pH, good sealing ability, and promotes the formation of hard tissues. Procedures using MTA typically involve placement over a wound site and maintaining moisture during setting.
This document discusses root canal sealers, including their definition, requirements, functions, and classifications. It describes various common sealers such as zinc oxide eugenol sealers like Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer, Procosol, and Grossman Sealer. It also discusses non-eugenol sealers, medicated sealers, and calcium hydroxide based sealers. The document provides details on the composition, properties, advantages, disadvantages and uses of different sealers.
A simple presentation to guide a dentist to choose best irrigant for the case. types of irrigants, their properties, advantages and disadvantages and tips has been discussed through this presentation.
The document summarizes various irrigation techniques used in endodontic treatment. It discusses manual techniques like syringe irrigation with needles and brushes. It also covers machine-assisted techniques like rotary brushes, sonic irrigation using devices like the Endoactivator, and ultrasonic irrigation techniques like passive ultrasonic irrigation. Pressure alternation devices like the RinsEndo and EndoVac that use negative pressure are also summarized. The document emphasizes the importance of overcoming the apical vapor lock to achieve thorough irrigation of the entire root canal system.
This document discusses irrigation techniques and solutions used in endodontics. It states that irrigation is necessary to clean areas that instruments cannot reach, like fins and anastomoses. The ideal irrigant has antimicrobial properties, tissues dissolving ability, lubrication, and can remove the smear layer while being non-toxic. Commonly used irrigants include sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, EDTA, and MTAD. Proper irrigation requires needles inserted to the full working length and solutions delivered slowly and passively.
LASERS IN ENDODONTICS AND CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRYBlagoja Lazovski
Laser technology is used in dentistry for a variety of applications. Lasers can be used for soft tissue procedures, hard tissue procedures, detection of cavities, teeth whitening, and curing of dental materials. The erbium laser is particularly useful as it allows for ablation of hard dental tissues with minimal thermal damage. Lasers offer advantages over traditional dental tools like drills in being more precise and causing less pain for patients.
Biofilm is a microbial community characterized by cells attached to a surface and embedded in an extracellular matrix. Biofilms form in root canals and on materials placed in root canals. They are resistant to disinfection and prevent healing. Sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and MTAD are used to eradicate biofilms, but they often persist. Advanced techniques like lasers, photodynamic therapy, and ultrasound improve disinfection but sometimes biofilms still remain.
This document provides an overview of various irrigation techniques and devices used in endodontics. It begins with an introduction to the importance of irrigation in root canal treatment and discusses some of the limitations of conventional needle irrigation. The document then classifies irrigation methods into manual and machine-assisted techniques. Under manual techniques, it describes brushes, dynamic irrigation using gutta percha, and various needle designs. Machine-assisted techniques discussed include continuous irrigation devices, rotary brushes, sonic devices like the EndoActivator, and ultrasonic irrigation. The document provides details on the mechanism and effectiveness of different agitation systems based on supporting literature.
This document discusses endodontic mishaps and procedural accidents that can occur during root canal treatment. It begins by defining endodontic mishaps and classifying them into categories such as access related, instrumentation related, and obturation related mishaps. Specific mishaps like treating the wrong tooth, missed canals, ledge formation, and perforations are described in detail. The document emphasizes the importance of recognizing mishaps, correcting them properly, and preventing future errors through careful diagnosis, instrumentation techniques, and quality control measures.
Sonics and ultrasonics in endodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses b...Indian dental academy
Ultrasonic and sonic instrumentation are techniques used in endodontics that involve imparting sinusoidal vibrations to endodontic files at ultrasonic or sonic frequencies. While both techniques activate files vibrationally, they differ in power source, frequency, handpieces, and files used. Studies have found that while ultrasonics can efficiently remove dentin, controlling file position makes it difficult for precise root canal shaping, especially in the apical region. In contrast, sonics may offer superior efficiency due to its longitudinal oscillatory pattern that is less impeded in narrow canals. Both techniques show promise but proper understanding and use of their characteristics is important to avoid risks like ledging, perforation or
this presenation includes definition, history, various components of smear layer, importance of smear layer, whether to remove it while doing root canal and restoration or not?
This document discusses endodontic retreatment. It defines retreatment as removing root canal filling materials from a tooth to clean, shape, and re-obturate the canals. Reasons for retreatment include persistent or reinroduced intraradicular microorganisms, extraradicular infection, foreign body reaction, or true cysts. Evaluation involves clinical examination, radiographs, and assessing for symptoms like pain, swelling or sinus tracts. Success is defined as resolution of symptoms and periapical radiolucency, while failure is persistence or worsening of these signs.
A detailed presentation on Endodontic failures starting from the basics in case selection to final prosthesis. Good for Post Graduates and Under Graduates.
This document provides information on single file systems for root canal preparation. It discusses the history of reciprocation motion and generations of rotary file systems. Specific single file systems like WaveOne and Reciproc are described in detail, including their design features and advantages. The document emphasizes that recent advances in endodontics have focused on completing root canal shaping with only one or two files to be more efficient and minimize procedural errors.
This document discusses different techniques for root canal obturation using gutta-percha. It describes lateral compaction technique which involves using a master gutta-percha cone coated with sealer followed by accessory cones compacted laterally using spreaders. It also describes vertical compaction technique involving softening gutta-percha segments using heated pluggers to vertically compact it filling the entire canal space. The document provides details on properties, types and advantages and disadvantages of various gutta-percha obturation techniques.
Minimally invasive endodontics by Dr. JAGADEESH KODITYALAJagadeesh Kodityala
This document discusses principles of minimally invasive endodontics. It defines minimally invasive dentistry and lists the primary goals of endodontics as tooth retention and preventing/managing pulpal and periapical disease while preserving structural integrity. The document discusses strategies for minimally invasive access cavity preparation and shaping of the root canal space. It emphasizes the importance of conserving tooth structure, maintaining smaller canal sizes when possible, and avoiding excessive dentin removal to strengthen teeth and reduce fracture risks.
This document discusses irrigation and disinfection of the root canal system. It covers the objectives of irrigation including flushing out debris, lubricating canals, dissolving tissues, and preventing/removing smear layers. Five factors that influence irrigation are discussed: time, frequency, type of irrigant, agitation, and volume. Common irrigants like sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and EDTA are described in detail along with their properties, concentrations, and interactions. Various irrigation delivery systems and agitation devices are also presented, including manual agitation, sonic/ultrasonic, negative pressure techniques, lasers and more.
The document discusses recent advances in rotary endodontic instrumentation. It describes several new rotary file systems including Revo-S, which uses only 3 nickel-titanium instruments to simplify treatment while optimizing cleaning. It also discusses the GTX M-Wire system, which features files made of a new nickel titanium wire that has greatly enhanced resistance to cyclic fatigue. The Self-Adjusting File is also summarized, which has a hollow design that allows for continuous irrigation and lacks a rigid metal core to help avoid canal transportation in curved canals.
Root canal disinfection in primary molar during pulpectomy procedure using s1...Pioon Laser
The outcome of root canal treatment is based on efficient disinfection of the root canal system and prevention of reinfection. Pulpectomy is defined as a root canal procedure for pulp tissue that is irreversibly infected or necrotic due to caries or trauma in primary teeth.
Sonic and ultrasonic instruments in periodontology.pptxSanaMansuri18
Sonic and Ultrasonic Instruments in periodontology.
HISTORY
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
TYPES OF POWER SCALERS
COMPARISON OF POWERED AND HAND INSTRUMENTS
TYPES OF INSERT TIPS
TIPS WEAR AND CARE
MAINTENANCE U/S
MECHANISM OF ACTION
INDICATION
CONTRAINDICATION
ASSOCIATED HAZARDS
CONCLUSION
Ultrasonic tips and devices seminar.pptxsajjadraad08
This document discusses the use of ultrasonic tips and devices in endodontics. It describes how ultrasonic instrumentation was originally used for cavity preparation but did not become popular due to the advent of high-speed handpieces. There are two methods of generating ultrasound: magnetostriction and piezoelectric. Piezoelectric units have advantages for endodontic use as they offer more cycles per second in a linear motion ideal for nonsurgical procedures. Applications of ultrasound in endodontics include access refinement, locating calcified canals, removing attached pulp stones, increasing the effectiveness of irrigants, removing intracanal obstructions, ultrasonic condensation of gutta percha, placement of MTA, and root canal
Applications of ultrasonics in endodonticsMettinaAngela
This document discusses various applications of ultrasonics in endodontics. It covers topics like ultrasonic retreatment to remove gutta percha fillings, using ultrasonics for access refinement and to manage calcifications, removing separated instruments from the root canal, and retrieving old posts. Ultrasonics provides benefits for these procedures like more efficient removal of materials, enhanced safety and control, and minimal damage to tooth structure compared to other techniques. Specific tips, techniques and case reports are presented for different clinical applications of ultrasonics in endodontic retreatment and procedures.
US , magnification, illumination in endo.pptxpriyamittal66
Ultrasonics is integral part of dentistry. This seminar gives complete details about ultrasonics in endodontics along with magnification and illumination. There are various types of US tips. In this article, all tips detais can be seen. Along with Ultrasonic, sonic system is also explained with pictures. Microscope is demand of today's scenario, so we have highlighted the role of microscope in slides. optic fibre system to visualize inside the canal has been explained in the presentation. Mechanism of action, applications of Ultrasonics, role in irrigation has been explained. Retreival of instrument by US tips, removal of post with clinical cases, MTA placement, Surgerical procedure, Endodontic diagnosis has been explained in presentation.
This document discusses the history, physics, and applications of ultrasonics and sonics in endodontics. It begins with definitions of key terms like ultrasound, ultrasonic instrumentation, and endosonics. It then covers the physics behind ultrasonics and sonics, including how piezoelectric and magnetostrictive transducers work. Biophysical effects like cavitation and acoustic streaming are also discussed. The document concludes by outlining various ultrasonic tips categorized by approach (surgical vs nonsurgical) and use (access, removal, etc.), and applications in endodontic procedures.
Ultrasonics have various applications in endodontics. They can be used to refine root canal access and remove calcified deposits, detached pulp stones, and intracanal obstructions like broken instruments. Ultrasonics increase the flushing action of irrigants by generating acoustic streaming that more effectively cleans root canal walls and difficult anatomical features. They also aid in removing posts and silver points with minimal damage to tooth structure. Overall, ultrasonics provide a safe and effective method for various challenges in endodontic treatment.
This document discusses the history and applications of ultrasonic and sonic devices in endodontics. It describes how ultrasonic devices work using piezoelectricity or magnetostriction to produce vibrations. The biophysical effects of ultrasound like cavitation, acoustic streaming, and heat generation are explained. Current commercially available ultrasonic tips for endodontic use are presented, including their designs and intended applications. The document concludes that ultrasonics have enhanced endodontic treatment by improving disinfection and instrumentation of root canals.
This presentation of mine is a brief overview of root canal dressing materials and medicaments for undergraduate and postgraduate students . It also includes active irrigation techniques and their uses etc
Cleaning and shaping the root canal systemParth Thakkar
The document discusses various techniques for cleaning and shaping the root canal during endodontic treatment. The objectives are to remove infected tissue, provide access for irrigants and medicaments, create space for obturation, and maintain tooth integrity. Key steps discussed include determining working length, instrumentation using techniques like step-back preparation, and irrigation. Factors that can affect working length determination and techniques to enhance cleaning and shaping are also outlined.
Electronically powered instruments like ultrasonic and sonic scalers provide advantages over manual scaling including reduced time, improved debris removal, and less operator fatigue. They have been shown to effectively remove plaque, calculus, bacteria, and endotoxins while conserving root surfaces. However, limitations include reduced tactile sensitivity, aerosol production posing infection risks, and interference with cardiac pacemakers in some cases. Recent developments aim to address these limitations and improve effectiveness.
This document provides an overview of sonic and ultrasonic instruments used in dentistry. It discusses the history and discovery of power-driven scalers, how ultrasonic and sonic scalers work, and the factors involved in their mode of action. The document outlines the efficacy of these instruments and their clinical applications. It describes the major types of power scalers and ultrasonic instrumentation, including tips, maintenance, and associated hazards. Overall, the document serves as a guide to ultrasonic and sonic instrumentation used in dental procedures.
Biomechanical preparation/ rotary endodontic courses by indian dental academyIndian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The document discusses several root canal irrigation techniques:
1. The step-down technique aims to remove coronal interferences and debris before shaping the apical part of the canal.
2. The balanced force technique uses safe-tipped files and a positioning/cutting motion to shape canals while preventing ledges.
3. The crown-down technique shapes canals from the crown toward the apex, allowing for better debris removal and irrigant penetration.
This document provides information on biomechanical preparation for root canal treatment. It discusses various techniques for cleaning, shaping, and preparing the root canal including step-back technique, step-down technique, crown-down pressureless technique, balanced force technique, and rotary instrumentation techniques. It also covers objectives of root canal preparation, rules for cleaning and shaping, potential procedural accidents and their prevention, and the importance of avoiding over-instrumentation.
Ultrasonic inserts can be used for various applications in endodontics including surgical endodontics and non-surgical endodontics. Piezoelectric ultrasonic inserts vibrate linearly and are preferred over magnetostrictive inserts. They are classified based on design and use. Applications include root-end cavity preparation for surgery, removing obstructions like posts or separated instruments, and improving irrigant flow and effectiveness. Different tip designs are suited to specific tasks. Proper power settings and technique are important for safe and effective use.
IRJET- Wave Ultrasonic Testing and how to Improve its Characteristics by Vary...IRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of wave ultrasonic testing and how varying operational parameters can improve its characteristics. It discusses how guided wave testing using low frequencies below 100 kHz can be used to inspect pipes over long distances for corrosion detection. Commercial systems have been developed that use arrays of piezoelectric transducers to generate and control axially symmetric modes to identify non-symmetric features indicating defects. Varying the test frequency affects sensitivity, resolution, and range, with lower frequencies providing longer ranges but reduced resolution.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
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This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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occur natural.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. INTRODUCTION
Endodontic treatment consists of three basic phases
namely diagnostic phase, preparatory phase and
obturation phase.
The preparatory phase which is chemomechanical
debridement is most essential for endodontic success.
The purpose of this phase is to eliminate pulpal tissue,
microbiota, their by-products, organic and inorganic
debris by using instruments and intracanal irrigants.
3. It is impossible to shape and clean the root canal
completely because of the intricate nature of the canal
configuration.
Even with the use of rotary instrumentation, the nickel
titanium instruments currently available only act on the
central body of the canal, leaving canal fins, isthmi and
cul-de-sacs untouched after completion of the
preparation.
Therefore irrigation is an essential part of root canal
4. For the effectiveness of the irrigation, the
endodontic irrigants must be brought into direct
contact with the entire canal wall surfaces,
particularly for the apical portions of small root
canals.
Throughout the history of the endodontics, various
methods have been developed in order to provide
effective endodontic irrigant delivery.
These systems might be devided into 2 broad
catergories:
5. IRRIGATION AGITATION
TECHNIQUES AND DEVICES
Manual-
Syringe irrigation with needles/cannulas -
End-venting; side-venting
Brushes -Endobrush; NaviTip FX
Manual-dynamic agitation -
Hand-activated well-filling gutta-percha
7. SYRINGE IRRIGATION WITH
NEEDLESConventional irrigation with syringes has been widely practiced
by both general practitioner and endodontists.
The technique involves dispensing of irrigant into a canal
through needles either passively or with agitation.
These needles are designed to dispense an irrigant through
their most distal ends or closed-ended side-vented channels.
It is crucial that the needle should remain loose in the canal
during irrigation so that it allows debris to be displaced
coronally and avoid inadvertent extrusion of the irrigant
8. The syringe irrigation gives advantage
of easy control of the depth of the
needle penetration within the canal.
DISADVANTAGES-
Weak mechanical flushing action.
The irrigating solution delivered only 1mm deeper
than the tip of the needle.
Smear layer removal in the apical third not effective.
Periapical extrusion of irrigant.
9. BRUSHES
They are used as adjuncts for debridement of the canal
walls or agitation of root canal irrigant.
A 30-gauge irrigation needle covered with a brush
(NaviTip FX; Ultradent Products Inc, South Jordan, UT) was
introduced commercially.
A study reported improved cleanliness of the coronal third
of instrumented root canal walls irrigated and agitated
with the NaviTip FX needle over the brushless type of
NaviTip needle.
10. The results might have been improved if the
brush-covered needle was mechanically
activated so that it can perform active
scrubbing action against.
But, friction created between the brush bristles
and the canal irregularities might result in the
dislodgement of the radiolucent bristles in the
canals that are not easily recognized by
clinicians, even with the use of a surgical
microscope.
11. Keir et al in early 1990s, performed a study and used
Endobrush for improved canal debridement.
The Endobrush (C&S Microinstruments Ltd, Markham, Ontario,
Canada) is a spiral brush designed for endodontic use that
consists of nylon bristles set in twisted wires with an attached
handle and has a relatively constant diameter along the entire
length.
In that study the bristles of the brush were claimed to extend
to the non instrumented canal walls and into the fins, cul-de-
sacs, and isthmi of the canal system to remove trapped tissue
and debris.
12. However, the Endobrush could not be used to full
working length because of its size, which might
lead to packing of debris into the apical section of
the canal after brushing.
ENDOBRUSH
13. MANUAL DYNAMIC
IRRIGATIONAn irrigant must be in direct contact with the canal walls for
effective action.
However, it is often difficult for the irrigant to reach the apical
portion of the canal because of the so-called vapor lock effect.
Research has shown that gently moving a well fitting gutta-
percha master cone up and down in short 2-3 mm strokes
(manual dynamic irrigation) within an instrumented canal can
produce an effective hydrodynamic effect and improve the
displacement of any given reagent.
It has demonstrated that manual dynamic irrigation was
14. Although manual-dynamic irrigation is simple and cost-
effectiveness, the laborious nature of this hand-activated
procedure still hinders its application in routine clinical
practice.
Therefore, there are a number of automated devices
designed for agitation of root canal irrigants.
15. MACHINE ASSISTED
IRRIGATION
ROTARY BRUSHES
Ruddle used a micro brush attached to rotary handpiece.
The brush includes a shaft and a tapered brush section. The
latter has multiple bristles extending radially from a central
wire core.
This micro brush rotates at about 300 rpm, causing the
bristles to deform and go into the irregularities of the
preparation & displace residual debris out of the canal in a
coronal direction.
16. Commercially available endodontic microbrush is
Canalbrush (Coltene Whaledent, Langenau,
Germany).
This is highly flexible and is molded entirely from
polypropylene.
It might be used manually with a rotary action.
However, it is more efficacious when attached to a
contra-angle handpiece running at 600 rpm.
17. CONTINUOUS IRRIGATION
DURING ROTARY
INSTRUMENTATION:
QUANTEC - E
Continuous irrigant agitation during active
rotary instrumentation would generate:
1) Increased volume of irrigant.
2) Increase irrigant contact time.
3) Greater depth of irrigant penetration inside
the root canal.
The Quantec-E irrigation system (SybronEndo,
Orange, CA) is attached to the Quantec-E Endo
System.
18. It uses:
1. Pump console.
2. Two irrigation reservoirs.
3. Tubing to provide continuous irrigation during
rotary instrumentation.
Quantec-E irrigation did result in cleaner canal
walls and more complete debris and smear layer
removal in the coronal third of the canal walls.
However, these advantages were not observed in
the middle and apical thirds of the root canal.
19. SONIC IRRIGATION
FREQUENCY AND OSCILLATING PATTERN OF SONIC INSTRUMENTS
Tronstad et al were the first to report the use of a sonic instrument
for endodontics in 1985.
Sonic irrigation is different from ultrasonic irrigation in that
1) It operates at a lower frequency (1–6 kHz)
2) Produces smaller shear stresses .
3) Generates significantly higher amplitude or greater back-and-
forth tip movement.
Moreover, the oscillating patterns of the sonic devices are different
compared with ultrasonically driven instruments.
20. When the movement of the sonic file is constrained, the sideway
oscillation disappears. This results in a pure longitudinal file
oscillation.
This mode of vibration has been shown to be particularly efficient
for root canal debridement.
The Rispisonic files have a non uniform taper that increases with
file size.
Because they are barbed, these files might inadvertently engage
the canal wall and damage the finished canal preparation during
agitation.
21. Endoactivator consists of a portable handpiece
and 3 types of disposable polymer tips of
different sizes that are easily attached (snap-on)
to the handpiece
ENDOACTIVATOR WITH THE LARGE (BLUE) PLASTIC TIP
22. These tips are claimed to be strong and flexible and do not
break easily.
Because they are smooth, they do not cut dentin.
It does not deliver new irrigant to the canal but it facilitates
the penetration of the irrigant in the canal.
A recent study have indicated that the use of endoactivator
facilitates irrigant penetration and mechanical cleansing
compared with needle irrigation, with no increase in the risk
of irrigant extrusion through the apex.
23. ULTRASONICS
Ultrasonic devices were first introduced in endodontics by
Richman.
Ultrasonic energy produces higher frequencies (25- 30 kHz)
than sonic energy but low amplitudes.
They operate in transverse vibration.
Two types of ultrasonic irrigation are available for use.
The first type is simultaneous ultrasonic instrumentation and
irrigation (UI), and the second type is referred to as passive
24. UI is shown to be less effective than PUI. This can be explained by a
reduction of acoustic streaming and cavitation.
In UI, the file contacts the root canal wall, so the oscillations are
dampened and becomes too weak to maintain acoustic streaming.
For proper acoustic streaming, the ultrasonic file should move freely in
the canal without making contact with the canal wall.
A canal size of at least 30-40 file is required to maintain free oscillation.
(Irrigant can also penetrate more easily into apical part).
Disadvantage of UI is difficult to control the cutting of dentin during
ultrasonic preparation which can result in apical perforation & irregular
canal shapes.
25. PUI was first described by Weller et al.
The term passive relates to non cutting action of
ultrasonically activated file.
The active streaming of the irrigant, increases its
potential to contact a greater surface area of the
canal wall.
26. After the canal has been shaped to MAF, a small file or a
smooth wire is introduced at the centre of the canal, as far
as the apical region.
Canal is then filled with irrigating solution, and
ultrasonically oscillating file activates the irrigant.
Using this non cutting methodology, the potential to create
aberrant shapes within root canals are reduced to a
minimum.
27. Ultrasonics is not able to effectively get through the apical
vapor lock in the apical 3 mm of the canal.
It has been shown that once a sonic or ultrasonically
activated tip leaves the irrigant and enters the apical vapor
lock, acoustic microstreaming and/or cavitation becomes
physically impossible which is not the case with the apical
negative pressure irrigation technique.
This is because acoustic microstreaming or cavitation is only
possible in fluids/liquids, not in gases.
Ultrasonics can help in debridement of anastomoses
28. CONTINUOUS ULTRASONIC
IRRIGATION
Chlorine, which is responsible for the dissolution of
organic tissues and the antibacterial property of
NaOCl, is unstable and is consumed rapidly during
the first phase of tissue dissolution, probably within 2
minutes.
Therefore, an improved delivery system that is
capable of continuous replenishment of root canal
irrigants is highly desirable.
Recently, a needle-holding adapter to an ultrasonic
29. During ultrasonic activation, a 25-gauge irrigation
needle is used instead of an endosonic file.
The unique feature of this needle-holding adapter is
that the needle is simultaneously activated by the
ultrasonic handpiece, & at the same time maintains a
continuous flow of fresh irrigant.
This technique resulted in:
1. Greater reduction in colony forming units.
2. Reduction in time required for irrigation.
30. INTERMITTENT FLUSH ULTRASONIC
IRRIGATION
In intermittent flushed ultrasonic irrigation, the irrigant is
delivered to the root canal by a syringe needle.
The irrigant is then activated with the use of an
ultrasonically oscillating instrument.
The root canal is then flushed with fresh irrigant to remove
the dissolved remnants from the canal walls.
31. PRESSURE ALTERNATING DEVICES
ENDOVAC ANP SYSTEM
In the EndoVac system (Discus Dental, Culver City,
CA), has three components:
1. Master delivering tip
2. Macro cannula
3. Micro cannula
32. Master delivering tip simultaneously delivers and evacuates the
irrigant from the pulp chamber.
The plastic macro cannula has a size 55 open end with a .02 taper
and is attached to a titanium handle.
It is used to suction irrigant from the chamber to the coronal and
middle segments of the canal.
The ISO size 0.32 stainless steel micro cannula has 4 sets of 3
laser-cut, laterally positioned, offset holes (total 12 holes) adjacent
to its closed end.
The holes are 100 microns in diameter and spaced 100 microns
apart.
33. This is attached to a finger-piece for irrigation of the apical
part of the canal by positioning it at the working length.
The micro cannula can be used in canals that are enlarged to
size 35/.04 or larger.
The Master Delivery Tip is connected to a syringe of irrigant.
The macro cannula or micro cannula is connected via tubing
to the high-speed suction of a dental unit.
During irrigation, the Master Delivery Tip tip delivers irrigant
to the pulp chamber and siphons off the excess irrigant to
34. The cannula in the canal simultaneously exerts negative
pressure that pulls irrigant from its fresh supply in the
chamber, down the canal to the tip of the cannula, into
the cannula, and out through the suction hose.
Thus, a constant flow of fresh irrigant is being delivered
by negative pressure to working length.
ADVANTAGE:
1. Avoid air entrapment.
2. Avoid undue extrusion.
3. Maintains a gentle flow rate.
35. Apical negative pressure has been shown to enable
irrigants to reach the apical third and help overcome the
issue of apical vapor lock.
In a comparing the Endoactivator, passive ultrasonic, the
F file, the manual dynamic max-i-probe, the pressure
ultrasonic, and the endovac, only the endovac was
capable of cleaning 100% of the isthmus area.
36. THE RINSENDO SYSTEM
RinsEndo irrigates the canal by using pressure-suction technology.
Its components are a handpiece, a cannula with a 7 mm exit aperture, and
a syringe carrying irrigant.
37. The handpiece is powered by a dental air compressor and has an
irrigation speed of 6.2 ml/min & (1.6 Hz amplitude).
Periapical extrusion of irrigant has been reported with this device.
RINSEENDO HANDPIECE WITH
DISPOSABLE CANNULAS
AND SPLASH PROTECTOR
38. SELF ADJUSTING FILE
It has a hollow thin walled cylinder composed of a thin nickel-
titanium lattice.
It is compressible and adjusts to the anatomy of the root
canal.
SAF operates with a continuous flow of irrigant (5ml/min)
running through the instrument.
The vibrating movement of SAF within the irrigant facilitates
its cleaning and debriding effects.
39. Root canals vary greatly in their cross-sectional anatomy,
and oval, flat, and C-shaped canals are commonly found
SAF is designed to efficiently prepare root canals that do
not have a round cross section because the compressible
file adapts its shape to the canal anatomy.
It is operated with a modified KaVo handpiece that
generates in and out vibrations with 5000vibrations/min
and 0.4mm amplitude.
A VATEA irrigation unit is used to deliver a constant flow of
irrigant.
40.
41. PHOTOACTIVATION DISINFECTION
Photoactivated disinfection is a new antimicrobial method for
root canal disinfection, based on photodynamic therapy
Photodynamic therapy is based on the idea that nontoxic
photosensitive agent, called photosensitizer, preferentially
localizes in target tissues. The photosensitizer is then activated
by light with susceptible wavelength and produces singlet
oxygen and free radicals, which are cytotoxic for the target cells
Phenothiazine dyes – Methylene blue (MB) and Toluidine blue
(TBO) are the most commonly used photosensitizers in dental
practices.
The use of red light producing diode laser is used for activation
of the photosensitizer.
42.
43. CONCLUSION
Various irrigation devices have been developed to
give the effective cleaning and superior debris
removal in order to replace the older needle
irrigation method.
The safety factors, capacity of high volume
irrigant delivery and ease of application the newer
irrigation devices may change the insight of
conventional endodontic treatment.