The document summarizes research on understanding how treatment programs are structured to support pediatric adherence for tuberculosis (TB) meningitis (TBM) and HIV/AIDS. It identifies key actors and networks involved in treatment programs at two facilities in South Africa. Interviews revealed that a calendar adherence tool was useful for strengthening communication between healthcare workers and caregivers, engaging and educating children, and identifying domestic situations that impacted adherence. However, the HIV program could better incorporate social assessments and support systems to improve pediatric adherence. Overall, the tool shows promise for enhancing adherence when incorporated into program configurations, but may be limited by disease factors, healthcare systems, and patient volumes.