Persamaan reaksi untuk identifikasi kation dan anion.

1. Uji Reaksi Pengamatan
Ag+
AgNO3 + HCl (encer) → AgCl2 + HNO3
AgCl + NH4OH → AgNO3 + NH4Cl
AgOH + HNO3 → AgNO3 + H2O
Endapan putih
Endapan putih
Larut sempurna
Pb+
Pb(NO3)2 + K2CrO4 → PbCrO4 + KNO3
Pb(NO3)2 + 2NaOH → Pb(OH)2 + 2NaNO3
PbCrO4 + 2NH3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2CrO4
Kuning
Kuning telur
Kuning kehijauan
Hg2+ HgCl2 + 2KI → HgI2 + 2KCl Jingga
Cu2+ 2CuSO4 + K4[Fe(CN)6] → Cu2[Fe(CN)6] + K2SO4
Cu2[Fe(CN)6] + 4NaOH → 2Cu(OH)2 + NH4[Fe(CN)6]
Coklat
Biru
Mn2+
AgNO3 + NH4OH → AgOH + NH4NO3 Bening
AgOH + MnCl2 → 2AgCl + Mn(OH)2 Endapan coklat, abu-abu
Fe2+
FeCl2 + K4[Fe(CN)6] → Fe2[Fe(CN)6] + 4KCl
Fe2[Fe(CN)6] → 2Fe(OH)2 + K4[Fe(CN)6]
Biru tua
Hijau lumut
Ba+ BaCl2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2HCl Endapan putih
NH4
+ NH4Cl + NaOH → NH3 + NaCl + H2O Kabut putih, panas
Cl-
HgCl2 + Na2CO3 → Hg(NO3)2 + 2NaCl
Hg(NO3)2 + AgNO3 → Hg(NO3)2 + AgNO3
Hg(NO3)2 + NH3 → [Hg(NH3)2](NO3)2
Coklat
Endapan putih
Bening
NO3
-
2HNO3 + Na2CO3 → H2CO3 + 2NaNO3
NaNO3 + H2SO4 → 2HNO3 + Na2SO4
2HNO3 + FeSO4 → Fe(NO3)2 + H2SO4
Bening
Endapan putih
Cincin coklat
CrO4
2-
K2CrO4 + Pb(NO3)2 → PbCrO4 + 2KNO3
PbCrO4 + NH3 → PbNH3 + H2CrO4
PbCrO4 + 2HNO3 → Pb(NO3)2 + H2CrO4
Endapan putih
Endapan putih keruh
Bening
[Fe(CN)6]4- K4[Fe(CN)6] + 2CuSO4 → 2K2SO4 + Cu2[Fe(CN)6] Merah pekat
CH3COO- CH3COONH4 + 2C2O5OH → NH4OH + CH3COOC2H5 Aroma kelapa
CNS- 2KCNS + Na2CO3 → K2CO3 + 2NaCNS
3NaCNS + 2FeCl3 → 3NaCl + Fe(CNS)3
Bening
Kejinggaan
C2O4
2- K2C2O4 + Na2CO3 → K2CO3 + Na2C2O4
Na2C2O4 + CaCl2 → 2NaCl + CaC2O4
Bening
Putih susu

2. S2O3
2- Na2S2O3 + Na2CO3 → Na2S2O3 + Na2CO3
Na2S2O3 + AgNO3 → 2NaNO3 + Ag2S2O3
Bening
Endapan putih keruh