This document provides strategies for students to improve their reading comprehension of nonfiction texts. It outlines strategies to use before, during, and after reading. Before reading strategies include using KWL charts, think-pair-share, skimming, building background knowledge, and pre-vocabulary lessons. During reading strategies involve story maps, think-alouds, underlining text, guided reading, and taking notes. After reading strategies are retellings, attribute maps, timelines, Venn diagrams, and flow charts. The goal is for students to be active, engaged readers who understand what they read.
Do you know what expository essay is? If no, please watch this presentation and read an article. We hope it will be useful https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/what-is-an-expository-essay
Do you know what expository essay is? If no, please watch this presentation and read an article. We hope it will be useful https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/what-is-an-expository-essay
Essays are usually classified according to content and style.
Under the heading of content, essays may be classified as either informational or personal. (We will not elaborate on this part.)
I. Informational essays
The informational or expository essay is written to provide information or to give instruction. The tone of an informational essay is generally serious.
II. Personal essays
Personal essays are entertaining and written on any subject that meets the authors need. The subject is often less important than mood and attitude.
Under the heading of style, essays may be classified as either formal essays or informal (familiar).
I. Formal essays
Basic elements of a successful formal essay:
A strong thesis statement with logical supporting points.
Body paragraphs that discuss the supporting points in the order they are mentioned in the thesis statement.
Good transitions between paragraphs.
A conclusion which summarizes what has been said in the body of the paper.
Appropriate diction and tone
Essays are usually classified according to content and style.
Under the heading of content, essays may be classified as either informational or personal. (We will not elaborate on this part.)
I. Informational essays
The informational or expository essay is written to provide information or to give instruction. The tone of an informational essay is generally serious.
II. Personal essays
Personal essays are entertaining and written on any subject that meets the authors need. The subject is often less important than mood and attitude.
Under the heading of style, essays may be classified as either formal essays or informal (familiar).
I. Formal essays
Basic elements of a successful formal essay:
A strong thesis statement with logical supporting points.
Body paragraphs that discuss the supporting points in the order they are mentioned in the thesis statement.
Good transitions between paragraphs.
A conclusion which summarizes what has been said in the body of the paper.
Appropriate diction and tone
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The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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2. How to Become an Excellent
Reader
Go through the flip chart
Go over the Before, During, and After
strategies
Use at least one of each strategy in your
reading
4. KWL
Make a chart with three columns labeled
K-W-L
The K-column is for what you know
already about the non-fiction topic
The W-column is to write what you want to
know about the topic
The L-column is to be filled in about what
you learned about the topic after you
finished reading
5. Think-Pair-Share
Find a partner with whom to share with
Predict what the passage might be about
Ask yourselves what you already know
about the topic
6. Skimming
Read title and headings
Look for words in bold
Look for underlined words or italicized
words
Read captions
Look at pictures
7. Pre-Vocabulary Lesson
The student should go through the
nonfiction book or article and look for
words in bold or any unfamiliar words
These words should be defined before
reading the passage.
8. Background Knowledge
Connect background knowledge to new
knowledge that you will read in the text.
Discussion among classmates any
knowledge they may have about the
subject about to be read.
Activate what he or she knows to use it
during reading to comprehend a text.
9. During Reading
Story Maps
Think-Alouds
Underline or highlight words
Guided Reading
Take notes
10. Story Maps
Complete a story map which will help you
focus on the significant elements in a story
as well as the relationship among these
elements.
In the story map you write down the
name of the story, its author, the setting,
characters, the problem and the solution.
11. Think-Alouds
You may need to think out loud about
the story.
Ask questions: “I wonder why . . .” “Can I
learn more about . . .”
I predict that this next section will be
about . . . because . . .
I have a picture in my mind of .. . .
12. Underline or Highlight
If possible underline or highlight important
words, titles, subtitles, unfamiliar words
and key terms.
Mark each paragraph
Mark unknown vocabulary, metaphors,
and concepts
13. Guided Reading
Find a student, parent or volunteer
Have them model how to read a passage
After you are comfortable with the
passage you can read in independently
14. Take Notes
Use Cornell Notes
Fold a piece of paper in half.
On the left side write the main idea of the
passage.
On the right side of the paper write notes
that are aligned with the main idea
written on the left hand side of the paper.
18. Time Line
Draw a line extending from the beginning
of a period of time to the end of the
period with intervening events placed at
intervals.
Give your timeline a title
Make a list of events to include
Decide when it will begin and end
19. Ven Diagram
Draw two or more overlapping circles to
compare and contrast concepts or
information
Write details that tell how the subjects are
different in the outer circles.
Write details that tell how the subjects are
alike where the circles overlap.
20. Flow Chart
Draw a visual representation of a
sequence of events.
Pick out the main events
Describe these events in words or in
pictures
21. References
Bursuck, W.D., & Damer, M. (2011). Teaching
reading to students who are at risk or have
disabilities a multi-tier approach. (2nd ed.). Upper
Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson education, Inc.
Campbell, E. (2001). Reading rockets. Retrieved
from
http://www.readingrockets.org/search?cx=004997
827699593338140:nptllrzhp78&cof=FORID:11&ie=UT
F-8&as_q=Before, during, after reading strategies
Roe, B.D., & Ross, E.P.,(2006). Integrating language
arts through literature and thematic units. Boston,
Massachusetts: Pearson Education, Inc.