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RAWEP & KUS REPORT.pdf

The document is a report detailing the Ready Programme conducted in Tunga village and Krushi Unnat Sahajogi in Aul, Kendrapada district, Odisha, by Tapan Kumar Behera as part of his Bachelor of Science in Agriculture at Centurion University. It provides insights into various agricultural practices, challenges faced by farmers, and outcomes of the programme along with various data tables and figures related to agronomy, horticulture, entomology, and plant pathology. The report emphasizes student involvement in practical agricultural education and aims to foster rural development through hands-on experience.

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REPORT ON READY PROGRAMME IN TUNGA VILLAGE AND KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAJOGI, AUL (KENDRAPADA DISTRICT, ODISHA) By Tapan Kumar Behera (Regd. No.:180804130214) Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Agriculture) Guide: Ms. Monalisa Sahoo Assistant Professor, Agronomy Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S.Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Alluri Nagar, R.Sitapur .Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha- 761221 www.cutm.ac.in December 2021
REPORT ON READY PROGRAMME IN TUNGA VILLAGE AND KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYAK, AUL (KENDRAPADA DISTRICT, ODISHA) By Tapan Kumar Behera (Regd. No.:180804130214) Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Agriculture) Guide: Ms. Monalisa Sahoo Assistant Professor, Agronomy Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S.Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Alluri Nagar, R.Sitapur .Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha- 761221 www.cutm.ac.in December 2021
ii CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Tapan Kumar Behera with the registration number 180804130214 of B. Sc. (Agriculture) has completed the READY Programme in Tunga Village, Kendrapada District, Odisha Guide: Date: Faculty, Field Crop Production Faculty, Horticultural Crop Production Faculty, Agriculture Extension Faculty, Crop Protection (Plant Pathology & Entomology) Faculty, Rural Economics Faculty, Krushi Unnat Sahajogi (Office seal) Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management
iii Krushi Unnat Sahajogi Certificate
iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my guide Ms. Monalisa Sahoo, Assistant Professor, Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, for her support and guidance throughout the READY Programme. I am extremely grateful to my host farmer Mr. Niranjan Behera who gave me the wonderful opportunity to gain practical knowledge and nuances of agriculture. I would like to thank RAWEP Coordinator Dr. Ashok Kumar, Dean (Admin) Dr. S.P Nanda, Dean ( Academic) Dr. Devendra Reeddy Sir for smooth conducting the programme. I am thankful to the SMS of RAWE Programme, for clarifying doubts and asking searching questions that are of practical significance in the field. Signature of the student with date Tapan Kumar Behera
v Table of Content Sl. no. Title Page no. 1 Certificate ii 2 Acknowledgement iv 3 List of Tables vi-viii 4 List of Figures ix-xii 5 Agronomy 3-21 6 Horticulture 22-36 7 Entomology 37-50 8 Plant Pathology 51-68 9 Agricultural Extension 69-87 10 Agricultural Economics 88-100 11 KUS Report 101-125
vi List of Tables Chapter Table No. Name of Table Agronomy 1 Details of cropping scheme of previous year and inputs and output 2 Details of calendar of operations of major field crops 3.1 Cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) @ Area 1 (ha) 4.1 Estimated cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) per hectare 5 Details of cropping scheme of current year 6 Weed survey in crop fields Agronomy Demonstration Horticulture 1 Information on horticultural crops grown 2 Table Information on problems identified on crops 3 Information on System of irrigation 4 Information on problems identified on irrigation 5 Seed type/ planting materials 6 Information on problems identified on seed or planting materials 7 Information on problems identified on seed treatment 8 Information on Field preparation 9 Information on problem identified on field preparation 11 Information on nutrient management 12 Information on problem identified on nutrients management 13 Information on problems identified on weed control 14 Information on Training and Pruning 15 Information on problems identified on Training and Pruning 16 Information on problems identified on use of Growth Regulators 17 Information on problems identified on mulching 18 Information on Plant Protection
vii 19 Information on problems identified in Plant Protection 20 Information on Post-harvest management 21 Information on problems identified in post-harvest management 22 Information on problems identified on market situation 23 Cost of cultivation of (vegetables) Brinjal (Area= 1 hectare) 24 Cost of cultivation of Tomato (Area = 1ha) 25 Overall cost of cultivation (all Horticultural crops) 26 Draw conclusion from cost of cultivation and B:C ratio Horticulture Demonstration Entomology 6 Insect pests observed 7 Damage symptoms observed 8.a Exhibits prepared for information Centre 8.b Charts/posters regarding insect pests prepared for information Centre I Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Rice leaf folder II Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Tomato leaf miner Plant Pathology A Fungal Disease 1 Schedule of monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking remedies 2 Record of disease occurrence per meter row length for foliar disease 3 Record of disease occurrence in 25 square meter crop area (consider only those much plants present under this area) of fruit and vegetable crop plants 4 Record of disease occurrence of cereal crop Rice [Fix the crop area 25 square meter] 5 Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease incidence/damage 6 Seasonal disease incidence (on two agronomical and horticultural crops) Plant Pathology Demonstration Agricultural Extension 10 Income and expenditure of Gram Panchayat:(from 01-04-2021 to 01- 11- 20 7 Extra-curricular activities performed by school
viii C CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY 5 Staffing pattern of the KVK 6 Subject-wise list of Subject Matter Specialists/ Scientists presently placed 3 Documentation of ITK A ICT MEASURES B UTILISATION PATTERN OF AGRIL. INFORMATION SOURCES (BY VILLAGERS) A DOCUMENTATION OF SHGS B GENDER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE Agricultural Extension Demonstration List of PRA Tools carried out Agricultural Economics 1(a) Classification of families 1(b) Population 1(c) Level of literacy 1(d) Drinking Water Facilities 1(e) Marketing Facilities 1(f) Livestock Population (As per the Gram Panchyat Records) 1(g) Veterinary Aid available for Livestock 1(h) Land utilization pattern 1(i) Structural distribution of land holdings 1(j) Source of irrigation 1(k) Cropping Pattern (Previous year) 1(l) Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technology (Important crops) 1(m) Availability of agricultural labourers 1(n) Agro-Based Industries in the village or nearby area 1(o) Subsidiary Enterprises 1(p) Other village institutions
ix 1(q) Transportation means available in the village 1(r) Farm Machinery and Equipments available in the village 1(s) Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc 1(t) Availability of agro-inputs DATA REGARDING HOST FARMER 1 Information of the family members including attached labourers 2(a) Land 2(b) Source of irrigation 2(c) Building 2(d) Livestock status of the farmer 2(e) Organizational participation 2(f) Implements and Machinery 2(g) Household articles 2(h) Annual gross income (Previous year) 2(i) Annual family consumption expenditure (Previous year) 2(j) Information about borrowings including old loans (Previous year) 2(k) Marketing Channels used for selling the produce (last one year)
x List of Figures Subject Figure No. Topic Agronomy 1 Model of IFS 2 Model of IFS 3 Demonstrating through Model and Poster presentation 4 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer 5 Poster of IFS 6 Leaf folder front side 7 Inner side of leaflet (IFS) 8 Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation 9 Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation-2 10 Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation 11 Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation. 2 12 Poster of Azolla Cultivation 13 Inner page of leaf folder (Azolla Cultivation) 14 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer ( Azolla) 15 News paper Cutting in Sambad Paper 16 “Z” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection 17 “W” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection 18 Demonstrating collection on Soil Sample in “Z” method 19 Demonstrating collection of Soil Sample in “W” method 20 Poster of Soil Testing 21 Front page of Leaflet ( Soil Sample collection) 22 Back page of leaflet ( Soil Sample Collection) 23 Demonstrating about the Seed Treatment with T.V 24 Demonstrating about the benefits of seed treatment
xi 25 Seed Treatment with Trichoderma 26 List of Micronutrients & biofertilizer 27 Demonstration of safety use of Micronutrients 28 Demonstrating of safety use of Biofertilizer 29 Demonstrating the benefits & application of micronutrients 30 Displaying the Sprayer machine 31 Demonstrating the about sprayer mechanism 32 Demonstrating about the proper Use 33 Displaying the use 34 Distribution of leaflet to the farmers 35 Leaflet of Safety major while spraying 36 List of herbicides demonstrate 37 Demonstrating about Pre emergence systemic Herbicide 38 Demonstrating about Selective systemic herbicide@2,4-D 39 Demonstrating about Systemic selective herbicide@ Tag Super Horticulture 40 Speaking about the Process of Air layering in guava. 41 Removing the upper layer of the plant 42 Inserting the Polythene in the branch 43 Inserting cocopeat and Vermicompost Mixed in the Polythene& threading. 44 After Month Roots Arise 45 Cutting With the help of secateur 46 Cutting With crushed shaped 47 Prepared media with Instruments to be planted in the pot 48 Showing the Roots emergence 49 Planting the layered plant in the pot 50 Poster and layout of kitchen garden
xii 51 Demonstrating about kitchen garden 52 Kitchen Garden & Adoption of Raise bed 53 Land Preparation for kitchen garden 54 Adoption of natural straw mulching 55 Emergence of seed in kitchen garden 56 Earthing & loosening of soil in chilli 57 Field Preparation 58 Demonstrating the purning in mango 59 Demonstrating pruning in mango in another tree with help of hedgeshear 60 Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with the helf of secateur 61 Poster of Dragon fruit cultivation 62 Demonstrating about Dragon fruit cultivation 63 Pic of the Instruments 64 Demonstrating about the instruments 65 Demonstrating the instruments 66 Showing them the use of hand hoe 67 Installing blue sticky trap in cabbage field 68 Installation of blue sticky trap 69 Collecting data regarding horticulture 70 Natural Mulching 71 Basal dose of fertilizer application followed by ploughing 72 Making of Ridges for cabbage plantation 73 Ridges making by me 74 Secondary Tillage operation followed by boron Application as basal dose 75 Preparation of bonds by me 76 Primary tillage operation done
xiii 77 After secondary tillage operation making of ridges by host farmer 78 After secondary tillage operation making of ridges by host farmer 79 Disease &pest incidence in cabbage 80 Observing the pest incidence Entomology 81 Showing the box explaining them about the honey bee 82 Opening the honeybee box with proper safty major 83 Showing the honeybee from brood chamber 84 Removing brood chamber from the box 85 Opening of Honey bee box 86 Showing the honeybee from brood chamber 87 Demonstrating of rope pulling 88 Rope pulling done 89 List of pesticide shown 90 Demonstrating about different pesticides 91 Demonstrating blue sticky trap 92 Understanding them about the uses 93 Installation of blue sticky trap 94 Distribution of Blue sticky trap 95 Demonstration on solar light trap 96 Understanding them about the benefits 97 Poster of Gandhi bugs 98 Gandhi bugs Poster by farmer 99 Understanding them about Gandhi bugs 100 Poster of Gall midge 101 Understanding them about Gall midge 102 Leaflet distribution to the farmer about safety major.
xiv 103 Demonstrating about safety major while spraying 104 Pest incidence observation 105 Pest incidence calculation in another block 106 Identifying the pest attack damage symptoms 107 Disease incidence in brinjal 108 Gandhi bug attack in rice 109 White fly attack in rice Plant Pathology 110 Poster of Blast disease of rice 111 Demonstrating blast disease of rice 112 Blast Poster with farmer 113 Demonstrating the effective fungicides 114 Demonstrating about Metalyxil+ mancozeb 115 Poster of Trichoderma 116 Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed treatment 117 Seed treatment of rice with Trichoderma 118 Demonstrating about safety major while spraying 119 Distribution of leaflet about safety major prepared by me. Agricultural Extension 120 With the headmaster of CPBET High School Tunga 121 In the gram panchayat office for collection of data 122 With the nayab sarpanch of the GP 123 In FIAC, BAO, Office 124 Data Collecting from AAO Mam. 125 Making of resource Map 126 Village map making 127 Tansact walk Anganwadi Kendra 128 Transact walk @ Mission shakti
xv 129 Transact walk @ Tunga rural park 130 Transact walk@ CPBET High School 131 Social Map making 132 Failure story data collection 133 Visit to KVK 134 Visiting of vermicompost unit with scientist 135 In ornamental fish unit with scientists 136 In Bio-fertilizer unit with KVK scientists 137 In Grape orchards of KVK Kendrapada 138 Dragon fruit in KVK 139 Taking data from BLO @ total voter list 140 Mega Plantation drive On the occasion of World Soil day 150 Plantation of Baula tree 151 IFS Model demonstration of IFS 152 Distribution of Leaf folder on IFS 153 Azolla Cultivation Demonstration through poster presentation 154 Demonstration on light Trap by through demonstration 155 Leaflet distribution on safety major 156 Demonstration of soil sampling through Z model 157 Model of IFS
1 1.Introduction 1.1 Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) Programme In the perspective of agricultural development, the espousal of practical oriented educational systems plays a crucial role. As noted, and suggested by various academicians, ICAR suggested RAWE programme for the final year students of B.Sc. (Agriculture). This programme helps the students primarily to understand the rural situations, status of agricultural technologies adopted by farmers, prioritize the farmer’s problems and to develop skills and attitude of working with farm families for overall development in rural area. The timings for RAWE can be flexible for specific regions to coincide with the main cropping season. Under RAWE programme, every student is expected to work with farmers at their farms and identify various production, protection and marketing constraints, within the vicinity of Research Station(s) allocated by the University. 1.2 Objectives of RAWE The objectives of RAWE are: 1. To provide opportunity to the students to understand the life situations in the villages, rural institutions, socio-economic conditions and constraints faced by the farming community 2. To get the students familiar with the socio-economic conditions of the farmers and their problems with reference to agricultural development 3. To impart diagnostic and remedial practical training and skills in crop production/horticulture/plant protection through work experience 4. To develop the understanding regarding agricultural technologies being followed by farmers and to prepare alternate farm plans according to the local situation in consultation with the farmers 5. To help the students to acquaint with on-going thrust on rural development and programmes related to Transfer of Technology (ToT) in agriculture and allied aspects 6. To develop the communication skills, confidence and competence among the students to interact with the farmers so as to prepare Project Reports on “Village Development Plan”. 1.3 Principles of RAWE The basic principles of RAWE are: • Grass root level experience • Participatory learning and serving the society • Participatory planning and action 1.4 Expected outcome of RAWE • Grass root level exposure • Personality development • Development of communication skills
2 • Inculcation of the skill of community management • Problem solving ability • Sensitization on local institutions and field level reality 1.5 Focus Areas • Crop Production : Agronomy and Horticulture • Crop Protection : Entomology and Plant Pathology • Rural area study : Extension Programme • Rural area study : Rural Economics
3 2. Agronomy Part-1 (Individual activities) 2.1. Plot wise history of Host Farmers including Cropping Scheme 1. Name of the Student : Tapan Kumar Behera 2. Registration No :180804130214 3. Two major field crops cultivated in the village : 1) Rice 4. Name of the Host Farmer : Niranjan Behera 5. Name the field crops cultivated by host farmer : Rice If ......No (Refer 5.1 and 5.2) 5.1. Name of another farmer from the village cultivating field crops: 5.2. Name the field crops cultivated: 6. Survey No. - Plot No. 1:Rice 7. Total area under field crops with host farmer (ha.): 3.237 ha (Irrigated/Rainfed) 7.1. Area under crop 1: 3.237 ha, Area irrigated 1.21 ha 7.2. Source of Irrigation: Lift irrigation 8. Soil properties- 8.1. Soil Type : Clay soil 8.2. Soil Texture : 8.3. Soil pH : 5.61 8.4. Soil Organic Carbon (%): 0.66% 8.5. Available nutrients (Kg/ha): N. 0 , P2O5. 3.60 , K2O. 42.60 . 9. Previous Cropping History: 1.1 Kharif : Rice 1.2 Rabi : Black gram 1.3 Zaid : Watermelon 10. Cropping Intensity (%): 175 % & Rotational Intensity (%): ......................... 2.2. Cropping Scheme (Previous Year 2020) Table 2.2.1 Details of cropping scheme of previous year and inputs and output Plot No. Area (ha) Crops & variety Field preparation Manure & fertilizer Irrigation & Plant protection Yield obtain (q/ ha) Value of Produce (Rs/ ha) Cost of cultivation (Rs/ ha) Net Profit ( Rs/ ha) 1 3.237 Paddy variety - swarna sub-1 Ploughing ,Puddling, Levelling & Clearing of Urea - 600kg DAP- 700kg Irrigated through lift irrigation and water 50q/ ha 85,000 35,000/- 50,000/-
4 and Pooja bunds ,MOP- 500 kg channel Tricyclazol @0.6 gm per Lit 2.3. Calendar of operations (Major Field crops): Table 2.3.1: Details of calendar of operations of major field crops Name of the crop Date & month Name of the operation to be performed Rice 17th June 2021 Nursery preparation and application of FYM 24th June Nursery Showing 5th July Main field Preparation & Basal dose of Fertilizer application 18th -23rd July Transplantation 04th July Post emergence herbicide application 12th Aug 1st Top dressing of urea 25th Aug Spraying of Plant Protection major @ Chlorpyriphos 50% + Cypermethrin 5% 12th Sep Final Top dressing of Urea 26th Sep Spraying of Plant Protection major @ Carbendazim 8th Oct Water drained out 25th Oct Harvesting 2.4. Cost of cultivation per unit area: Table 2.4.1: Cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) @ Area 1 (ha) Date Name of operation Input Used F. Labou rs H. Labo urs Total Labour Costs ( Rs/ ha) Grand Total Name Qty. Valu e M F M F M F M F Machine 17th- 24th June Nursery Preparation FYM 13 T 800/- 1 - 3 - 4 - 160 0/- - - 1600/- Seeds 20Kg 1500/ - 1 - - 2 1 2 400 /- 800 /- 2700/- 05th July Ploughing & Levelling of fields - - - 1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - 2400/- 3200/- 12th July Puddling - - - 1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - 3000/- 3800/- Basal Dose of fertilizer application Urea 60kg 353/- 1 - - - 1 - 400 /- - - 1903/- DAP 25Kg 600/- MOP 25Kg 550/- 18th July Transplantin g - - - 1 - 1 2 14 13 14 520 0/- 560 0/- - 10,800/- 04th July Post Emergence Application of herbicide 2,4-D 3L 900/- 1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - - 1700/-
5 12th Aug 1st Top Dressing Urea 30Kg 176/- 1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - - 976/- 25th Aug Spraying of Plant Protection major Chlorp yriphos 50% + Cyper methrin 5% 1L 550/- 1 - - 1 1 1 400 /- 400 /- 2100/- Carben dazim 50% WP 1Kg 300/- Strept ocyclin e 60gm 500/- 12th Sep Final Top Dressing Urea 30Kg 176/- 1 - - - 1 - 400 /- - - 576/- 26th Sep Spraying of Plant Protection major Tricycl azol 60gm 220/- 1 - - - 1 - 400 /- - - 620/- 15th Oct Harvesting Combi ne Harvest er - - 1 - 2 - 3 - 120 0/- - 4000/- 5200/- 25th Oct Post-harvest Operation - - - - - 5 - 5 - 200 0/- - - 2000/- Daily wage of Male labour : 400 (Rs/ Man day) Daily wage of Female labour: 400 (Rs/ Man day) 2.5. Estimated Cost of cultivation per ha: Table 2.5.1 Estimated cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) per hectare S.L No. Items Unit Inputs per Unit area Inputs per hectare Total cost per (Rs/ha) 1 Hired male labours Man days 26 26 10,400/- 2 Hired Female labours Man days 17 17 6,800/- 3 Bullocks Hrs - - - 4 Machinery charges 4.1 Tractor with Cultivator Hrs 600/hr 4 hrs 2400/- 4.2 Tractor with rotavator Hrs 1000/hr 3 hrs 3000/- 4.3 Combine Harvester Hrs 2000/hr 2 hrs 4000/- 5 Seed Kg 75/- Per Kg 20 Kg 1500/- 6 Manure Tonnes 61/ Tonnes 13 Tonnes 800/- 7 Fertilizers 7.1 Urea Kg 5.88/- Per Kg 120 Kg 705/-
6 7.2 DAP Kg 24/- Per Kg 25 Kg 600/- 7.3 MOP Kg 22/- Per Kg 25 Kg 550/- 8 Irrigation Hrs - - - 19. Total cost of cultivation: 42,927/- 20. Yield per ha Grain 50 q/ha Straw 4.5 q/ha 21 Price Grain @ Rs 1950/- per quintal, Straw @ 400 .per quintal. 22 Gross return Rs/ha 99,300/- . 23 Net Profit Rs/ha= 56,373/- . 9 Crop Protection 9.1 Insecticides ml/g 1L 1L- 550/- Chlorpyriphos+ Cypermethrin 9.2 Fungicides ml/g 1Kg 1Kg 300/- Carbendazim Streptocycline 60gm 60gm 500/- Tricyclazole 60gm 60gm 220/- 9.3 Herbicides ml/g 3 L 3L 900/- 2,4-D Nomin Gold 10 Land revenue / Cess & taxes Rs 1000/- 11 Depreciations on implements & farm buildings Rs - - - 12 Expenses on acquisition on inputs & misc. Rs - - - 13 Intrest on working Capitals Per cent - - - 14 Rental value of land Rs - - - 15 Family male labourers Man days 12 12 4,800 /- 16 Family female labourers Man days - - - 17 Total Rs 39,025/- 18 Supervision charges 10% of total cost Rs 39,025/- 10% 3,902/-
7 2.6. Cropping Scheme (Current Year Rice ) Table 2.6.1 Details of cropping scheme of current year Plot No- Area (Ha) Crops & Varietie s Field Preparation Manure & Fertilizer Irrigation & Plant Protection Estimate of yield obtained (q/ha) Value of product (Rs/ha) Estimated cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) Net profit (Rs/ha) 1 1 ha Paddy variety - swarna sub-1 and Pooja Ploughing ,Puddling, Levelling & Clearing of bunds Urea - 600kg DAP- 700kg ,MOP- 500 kg Irrigated through lift irrigation and water channel Tricyclazo l @0.6 gm per Lit 50q/ ha 93,300/ - 42,927/- 56,373 2.7. Survey of weeds in crop fields: Table 2.7.1 Weed survey in crop fields. Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Cyperus iria 3 `4 5 2 3 17 Commelina benghalensis 2 3 2 5 4 16 Marsilea quadrifolia 5 3 2 4 5 19 Parthenium hysterophorus 4 3 0 1 0 8 Sub- total 14 13 9 12 12 60 Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Cyperus rotundus 5 3 4 0 6 18 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 6 8 3 5 2 24 Digitaria sanguinalis 3 3 5 1 2 14 Cyperus iria 6 8 3 4 2 23 Sub- total 20 22 15 10 12 79 Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Echinochloa crusgalli 4 3 1 0 1 9 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 5 2 3 4 2 16 Marsilea quadrifolia 6 3 0 3 5 17 Cyperus rotundus 4 3 5 0 1 13 Sub- total 19 11 9 7 9 55
8 Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Parthenium hysterophorus 4 1 3 2 1 11 Cyperus kyllingia 5 3 2 1 0 11 Digitaria sanguinalis 6 4 2 0 1 13 Paspalum distichum 3 2 5 1 0 11 Sub- total 18 10 12 4 2 46 Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Paspalum distichum 6 3 2 0 0 11 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 4 3 3 1 6 17 Cynodon dactylon 7 5 3 1 3 19 Cyperus eragrostis 1 5 2 0 4 12 Sub- total 18 10 12 4 2 46
9 2.8 Weed Gallery Abutilon indicum Achyranthes aspera Acmella uliginosa Alternanthera bettzickiane Astercanthera longifolia Blumea lacera Cardiospermum halicacabum Cleomi viscusa
10 Commelina benghalensis Commelina forskaolii Croton bonplandianum Cynodon dactylon Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus iria Cyperus kyllingia Cyperus rotundus
11 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Desmodium triflorum Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria sanguinalis Echinochloa crusgalli Eleusine indica Euphorbia hirta Marselia quardifolia
12 Parthenium hystophorus Paspalum districhum Phyllanthus niruri Sida acuta Sporobolus diander Tidex pocumbes
13 2.9 Part -2, Demonstration SL. No Date Name of Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Model of Integrated farming system Exhibition 20 2 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Azolla cultivation Poster Presentation 20 3 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Soil sampling Poster Presentation 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 5 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of micronutrients & Biofertilizer Field Demonstration 10 6 23-11-2021 Suggestion on use of sprayer mechanism Field Demonstration 10 7 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of effective herbicides Field Demonstration 10 2.9.1. Integrated Farming System. Fig-1 Model of IFS Fig-2 Model of IFS Fig-3 Demonstrating through Model and Poster presentation Fig- 4 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer
14 2.9.2 Demonstration on Azolla Cultivation. Fig-5- Poster of IFS 6- Leaf folder of IFS front page Fig-7- Leaf folder of IFS Back page Fig-8- Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation Fig-9 Demomstrating through poster on azolla cultivation-2 Fig-11- Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation. 2 Fig-10 -Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation.
15 Fig-12- Poster of Azolla Cultivation Fig-13- Inner page of leaf folder (Azolla Cultivation) Fig- Front page of Leaf folder ( Azolla Cultivation) Fig-12- Leaflet Distribution Fig-15- News paper Cutting in Sambad Paper
16 2.9.3. Demonstration on Soil sampling Fig-16- “Z” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection Fig-17- “W” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection Fig-18- Demonstrating collection on Soil Sample in “Z” method Fig-19- Demonstrating collection of Soil Sample in “W” method Fig- Cleaning the upper surface of soil Fig- - V shaped
17 Fig-20- Poster of Soil Testing Fig-21- Front page of Leaflet ( Soil Sample collection) Fig-22- Back page of leaflet ( Soil Sample Collection
18 2.9.4. Demonstration on Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride through display method Fig-23- Demonstrating about the Seed Treatment with T.V Fig-24- Demonstrating about the benefits of seed treatment Fig- 25- Seed Treatment with Trichoderma
19 2.9.5. Suggestion use of micronutrients & Biofertilizer through display Fig-26- List of Micronutrients & biofertilizer Fig-27- Demonstration of safety use of Micronutrients Fig-28- Demonstrating of safety use of Biofertilizer 1 Fig-29- Demonstrating the benefits & application of micronutrients
20 2.9.6. Suggestion on use of sprayer mechanisation through display method Fig-35- Leaflet of Safety major while Spraying Fig-31- Demonstrating the about sprayer machanism Fig-34- Distribution of leaflet to the farmers
21 2.9.7. Suggestion use of effective herbicides through display method 2.9.8. Other Agronomical Works Fig-36- List of herbicide demonstrate Fig-37- Demonstrating about Pre emergence systemic Herbicide Fig-38- Demonstrating about Selective systmic herbicide@2,4-D Fig-39- Demonstrating about Systemic slelctive herbicide@ Tag Super Fig-40-Weed Population survey Fig-40- Soil health card
22 3. Horticulture 1. Name of the Student : Tapan Kumar Behera 2. Name of Host farmer : Niranjan Behera 3. Name of Village & district : Tunga, Kendrapara 4. Major horticultural crops of the village : Brinjal, Tomato, Mango 5. Land type : Upper land ( ) Medium land(✓) Low land( ) 6. Total area : 3ha 7. Total area under Hort. Crops (in ha) : 2.5 Acer 8. Soil type : Sandy soil ( ) Sandy loam ( ✓) Soil clay soil( ) 9. Crops information : Brinjal, Tomato, Chilli Table 3.1: Information on horticultural crops grown Previous season Present Season Next Season Crop Duration/ DOP Crop Duration/ DOP Crop Duration/ DOP Plot No. 1 Okra June-Aug Brinjal Oct-Feb DOP- 11-10-2021 Tomato May- Sep Plot No. 2 Mango Round the year Banana Year round DOP-09-12-2021 Lemon January *DOP: date of planting in case of perennial plant *Duration e.g., Sept- Apr 3.2. Table Information on problems identified on crops Sl. No. Problems Identified Control measures followed by farmer Recommended Suggestion 1 Pest & Disease Outbreak Chemical Control measures To follow IPDM practice and to grow resistance variety. 2 Low Productivity Nil Suggest them to apply required amount of fertilizer according to soil health card. Use good quality certified seed. 3 Crop loss due to uncertainty of rain. Nil Make proper water drainage system. Suggest them to cultivate in raisebed. 4 Anthracnose cause in chilli due to furrow irrigation Chemical control measures Suggest the to use drip irrigation.
23 3.3. Irrigation • Sources : Pond ( ), River(✓ ), Cannel(✓ ), Bore well( ), Deep well( ) • Irrigation area (in ha): 2.5 Acre • Non-irrigated area : Table 3.3.1: Information on System of irrigation System of Irrigation Area ( In ha) Crop Time of Irrigation Number of Irrigation Flood Irrigation 0.5 Brinjal Seed germination Transplanting Seedling phase Vegetative phase Flowering phase Maturity phase 15-20 Ridge and Furrow 0.20 Cabbage & cauliflower Seed germination Transplanting Vegetative phase Curd development 8-10 Ring Basin 0.32 Mango Flowering Fruit set Fruit development 10-12/year Check Basin - - - - Pitcher irrigation - - - - Sprinklers irrigation - - - - Drip Irrigation - - - - Table 3.3.2: Information on problems identified on irrigation Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Uneven monsoon pattern Water channel & Lift irrigation Application of organic matter to improve the water holding capacity. Irrigation can be done in Critical stages. Growing of drought resistance variety. Installing a low cost borewell in the field. To do low-cost rainwater conservation system. Note: Mention problem found regarding irrigation in farmers field and recommendation.
24 3.4. Seed or planting materials Table 3.4.1: Seed type/ planting materials Sl No. Crop Variety Seed/ Planting materials ( FS/ CS/ OP/ LOCAL/ Grafted/ Budded/ Cutting/ Tissue Culture etc.) Source of seed ( Govt. Farm/ Private shop/ local farmer/ Own seed ) 1 Brinjal Pusa kranti CS Private Shop 2 Tomato Chiranjeevi CS Private Shop Table 3.4.2: Information on problems identified on seed or planting materials Sl No. Problem Identified farmers' Practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Wilt in Nursery Application Fungicide Suggested them to do seed treatment 2 Attack of ant in the nursery Nil Application of poison bait Application of Gammaxene or chlorpyriphos 3.5. Seed treatment • Seed treatment adopted: Yes ( ✓ ) No ( ) Note: If yes, mention it elaborately along with dosages Table 7: Information on problems identified on seed treatment Sl No. Problem Identified farmers' Practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Lack of knowledge about seed treatment in different chemicals. Nil Take proper training from Agriculture officer or Experts 2 Lack of knowledge about bio control agent Nil Suggest them to use Trichoderma viridea 3.6. Field preparation • Layout and time of planting(month): October • Summer ploughing (month) : No Table 3.6.1: Information on Field preparation System of Planting Crop Spacing Population Square System Brinjal 75 x 75 cm 3,557 Rectangular System Tomato 45 x 50 cm 8,000 Hexagonal System - - - Contour farming - - -
25 Table 3.6.2: Information on problem identified on field preparation Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Improper removal of debris from soil which can affect the next season crop. Nil Proper removal of plant debris. 2 High weed Population They followed hand weeding. Suggest them to do summer ploughing to check the weed germination. 3.7. Protected Cultivation • Any protected structure is adopted : Yes ( ) / No ( ✓ ) • Area under protected cultivation (in ha.) : Green house ( ) / poly house( ) • shaded net house ( ) / lath house( ) / polythene tunnel ( ) • Protected cultivation : low cost ( ) / high cost ( ) • Cost of protected structure (Rs.) : • Subsidy provided by Govt. (Rs.) : • Crop taken in pc (season wise) : • Having knowledge on Fertigation : Yes ( ) / No ( ) • Is it profitable??? : • If its yes mention the sum : 3.8. Nutrient management • Soil testing is done? : No If No, then specify the reason : • Green manuring is practiced? : Yes If No, then specify the reason : If yes, the name the green manure crops : Sesbania aculeata Note: (Specify with Scientific names and local names) Local name- Dhania Table 3.8.1. Information on nutrient management Crops FYM (q/ha) Fertilizers( Urea/ DAP/SSP/ MOP/Other s)kg Rate of Applicatio n /ha Time ( ex-25 or 30 DAS/ top dress/ foliar Method of application ( Basal/top dress/ foliar) Cost( Manure= Fertilizer) Brinjal 20 Urea-110kg SSP-313kg MOP-80kg 100:50:50 Urea- 50Kg SSP- 50Kkg MOP- 50kg Basal application Urea-646/- SSP-7,512/ MOP-1760/ FYM-300/-
26 Tomato 25 Urea-180kg DAP-100kg MOP-60kg 75:100:50 Urea- 60kg SSP- 50kg MOP- 30kg Basal application Urea-1058/ SSP-2400/ MOP-1760/ FYM-350/- Table 3.8.2: Information on problem identified on nutrients management Sl. No. Problem Identified farmers' doses to crop Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Excess use of fertilizer In the wish to get more productivity they do. Give the proper dose of fertilizer application. 2 High doses in foliar spray resulting plant burning. - Suggest them to use of proper dose of fertilizer. Use knapsnack sprayer. 3.9. Weed control ➢ Weeds known to farmer (Local name) : Dhub ghasa, Lajakulilata, bisalyakarani ➢ Number of manual weeding done : 5 ➢ Time of weeding : 15 , 45 DAT ➢ Tools used in weeding (if any local tools) : Handhoe ➢ Weedicides used? If yes name the weedicides : No ➢ Doses of weedicides : -- ➢ Purchased from (Govt./Private) : -- Table 3.9.1: Information on problems identified on weed control Sl No. Problem Identified Farmers practices to control weeds Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 More no of weed germination. Traditionally hand weeding followed. To follow summer ploughing. To follow natural or silver mulching. Suggested them to do cover crop as intercropping. 2 High labour cost - Suggest them to use selective systemic herbicide. Table 3.10.1: Information on Training and Pruning Crop Time of Pruning Training & Pruning Method ( Name local method if any) Mango Sep- Oct Young seedling of 1 M height with cut given below ring of buds.
27 Table 3.10.2: Information on problems identified on Training and Pruning Sl No. Problem Identified Farmers method following in pruning Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Farmer has no idea about pruning . Not adopted Explained about pruning in mango and also demonstrate light pruning as it was alredy in November. 3.11. Growth Regulator ➢ Having knowledge :No Table 3.11.1: Information on problems identified on use of Growth Regulators Sl No. Problem Identified Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Farmer didn’t know about the growth regulator. Suggested them to use GA as foliar spray in tomato in proper doses & demonstrate him. 3.12. Mulching ➢ Adopted : No Table 3.12.1: Information on problems identified on mulching Sl No. Problem Identified farmers' Practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 No specific idea about mulching. Natural straw mulches Suggested them to use good quality silver mulching as it can killed all the pathogen as well as weed present in soil. Table 3.13.1: Information on Plant Protection Crop Insect Disease Physiological Disorder Management (If local specify any) Brinjal Leucinodes orbonails Ralstonia solanacearum Avoid monocropping Grow registance var. H.vigintiooctopunc tata Cercospora molengenae Pest- Spray quinalphos @0.05% Disease- Spraying 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture Tomato Liriomyza trifolii Septoria lycopersici Pest- Use neem oil, bacillus thurigiensis, Disease- Spary mancozeb Note: Specify with Scientific names
28 Table 3.13.2: Information on problems identified in Plant Protection Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Damaged part of the plant or the diseased plant is not timely rogued out. As a result disease spread to other healthy plants as well - Timely remove the damaged parts and plants. Practise pruning 2 Unaware about IPDM practice - Proper drainage Clean cultivation, collection and burning of disese and dead leaves Crop rotation with non-host crop Practise soil solarization Table 3.14.1: Information on Post-harvest management Crop Maturity Indices Method of harvesting Month of harvesting Yield (q/ ha) Packaging methods Storage methods Processed product Tomato Red colour Hand picking Decmber 10 tonnes Netting bags On the floor Ketchup Table 3.14.2: Information on problems identified in post-harvest management Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 In storage method On the floor Suggest them to store in clod storage. 3.15. Market Situation • Whether he/she sells own produce in market : No • Distance of nearby vegetable market : 3 km • Number of market/weeks : 2 markets per week • Position of the market : Rural market • Price of commodities are decided by (Local union/RMC/Govt./ as per the demand in market or any other reason, specify) : As per demand in the market • Having knowledge on MSP (Yes/No) : No
29 Table 3.15.1: Information on problems identified on market situation Crop name Difficulties faced by farmer during Marketing Recommended Suggestion to farmer based on their shelf-life Brinjal Fluctuation in the price. Sale the product when market price is high. Tomato Found difficulties in transportation To sale in local retailers. Table 3.16: Cost of cultivation of (vegetables) Brinjal (Area= 1 hectare) Expenditure Cost (Rs) 1. Inputs (1ha) A Seed/ Planting materials 5000/- B FYM 700/- C fertilizer (Urea, MOP, DAP) 9000/- D Irrigation (Electric motor, pipe etc) 800/- E PP Chemicals 600/- F Weedicides - G Protected Cultivations - H Others - 2. Ploughing (tractor, Power tillers, Bullocks carts etc.) 1800/- 3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning etc. MD@300/day 1200/- 4. Labour in irrigation (MD@ Rs.350/day) 700/- 5. Harvesting cost (MD@Rs.350/day) 700/- 6.Miscellaneous Total Expenditure 20,500/- *MD = Man days Total yield = 1600 , Selling @ 35/- Gross Income Rs/ha 1st plucking 14,000/- 2nd plucking 17,500/- 3rd plucking 24,500/- Total 56,000/- Net profit = Gross Income - Cost of cultivation 56,000-20,500 = 35,500/- So, the net profit in Cauliflower cultivation is Rs.35,500 in 1ha of land B.C = Gross income / Cost of cultivation 56000/20,500 = 2.8 So, the BC ratio for Brinjal crop is 2.8
30 Table 3.17. Cost of cultivation of Tomato (Area = 1ha) Expenditure Cost (Rs) 1. Inputs (1ha) A Seed/ Planting materials 80000/- B FYM 700/- C fertilizer ( Urea, MOP, DAP) 8500/- D Irrigation ( Electric motor, pipe etc) 800/- E PP Chemicals 500/- F Weedicides - G Protected Cultivations - H Others - 2. Ploughing (tractor, Power tillers, Bullocks carts etc.) 2000/- 3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning etc. MD@350/day Man 1750/- 4. Labour in irrigation ( MD@ Rs.350/day) Man 600/- 5. Harvesting cost( MD@Rs.350/day) Man 4200/- 6.Miscellaneous Total Expenditure 99,050/- MD = Man days (Notify whether man or woman) Total yield = 8000 kg Selling @ 80 Rs/kg Gross Income Rs/ha 1st plucking 80,000/- 2nd plucking 240,000/- 3rd plucking 320,000/- Total 640,000/- Net profit = Gross Income - Cost of cultivation 640,000-99,050 = 5,40,950/- So, the net profit in tomato cultivation is Rs 5,40,950 in 1ha of land B.C = Gross income / Cost of cultivation 5,40,950/99,050= 5.46 So, the BC ratio for Tomato crop is 5.46 Table 3.18: Overall cost of cultivation (all Horticultural crops) Total Area (in ha) under horti. Crops 1 ha Total Expenditure (Rs.) 20,500/- Total Income (Rs.) 56,000/- Total Profit ( Rs.) 35,500/- Table 3.19: Draw conclusion from cost of cultivation and B:C ratio Sl. No Crop Conclusion 01 Tomato BC ratio is 5.4 which is quite good 02 Brinjal BC ratio is 2.8 which is good
31 3.20 Demonstration SL No Date Name of Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Air layering in guava Field demonstration 05 2 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Kitchen Garden Poster Presentation 15 3 18-11-2021 Demonstration on training Pruning Poster Presentation 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Dragon fruit Cultivation Poster Presentation 10 5 12-02-2021 Demonstration on Showing of different Horticultural instruments through display method Field Demonstration 10 3.20.1. Demonstration on Air layering in Guava: - Fig-41-Speaking about the Process of Airlayering in guava Fig-42-Removing the upper layer of the plant Fig-43-Inserting the Polythene in the bracnch Fig-43-Inserting cocopeat and Vermicompost Mixed in the Polythene & threading.
32 Fig-44- After Month Roots Arise Fig-45-Cutting With the help of secature Fig-46-Cutting With crushed shaped Fig-47-Prepared media to be planted in the pot Fig-48- Showing the Roots emergence Fig-49- Planting the layered plant in the pot
33 3.20.2. Demonstration on Kitchen Garden 3.20.3. Demonstration on training Fig-50- Poster and layout of kitchen garden Fig-51- Demonstrating about kitchen garden Fig-52- Kitchen Garden & Adoption of Raisebed Fig-53- Land Preparation for kitchen garden Fig-55- Emmergence of seed in kitchen garden Fig- 55- Emmergence of seed in kitchen garden Fig-56 Earthing & loosening of soil in chilli Fig-57-Field Preparation
34 Pruning through display method 3.20.4. Demonstration on Dragon fruit Cultivation through poster presentation. Fig-58-Demonstrating the purning in mango Fig- 59-Demonstrating pruning in mango in another tree with help of hedgeshear Fig-60- Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with the helf of secateur Fig-60-Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with the helf of secateur Fig-61 Poster of dragon fruit Fig-62-Demonstrating about Dragon fruit cultivation
35 3.20.5. Demonstration on Showing of different Horticultural instruments through display method: - 3.20.6. Other Horticultural Activities: Fig-63- Pic of the Instruments Fig-64- Demonstrating about the instruments Fig-65- Demonstrating about the instruments Fig-66-Showing them the use of hand hoe. Fig-66- Installation of blue sticky trap. Fig-67- Installation of blue sticky trap.
36 Fig-68- Collection of data regarding horticulture. Fig- 69-Secondary Tillage operation followed by boron Application as basal dose Fig-70- After secondary tillage operatipon making of ridges Fig-71-Basal dose of fertilizer application Fig-72- Disease & pest incidence in cabbage Fig-73-Preparation of bonds by me Fig-74-Adoption of natural Mulching Fig-75- Primary tillage operation done
37 4. Entomology I. Name of the host farmer : Niranjan Behera II. Name of the village : Tunga III. Name of the crop : Rice a. Variety : Pooja, Swarna sub-1 b. Area (in ha) : 1 ha IV. Previous crop sown : Rice a. Variety : Pooja , Swarna sub-1 b. Area (in ha) : 3.237ha V. Seed treatment : No a. Pesticide used : Chloropyriphos 50% EC + Cypermethrin 5% b. Source(s) : Private shop c. Dosage : 375 ml d. Method of treatment : Foliar spray e. Cost/ha : 4.1 Insect pests observed : Crop Pest Stage of the crop Scientific Name Order Family Rice Rice swarming Caterpillar Tillering Spodoptera Mauritia Lepidoptera Crambidae Rice Leaf folder Tillering Cnaphalocrois medinalis Coleoptera Crambidae Rice hispa Tillering Dicladispa armigera Chrysomelida e Chrysomelida e Tomato Leaf miner Vegetative Liriomyza Bryoniae Diptera Agromyzidae Cabbage Cabbage semi looper 4 leaf stage Tircihoplusia ni Lepidoptera Noctuidae Bittergourd Tobacco caterpiller Vegetative stage Spodoptera litura Lepidoptera Crambidae Brinjal Tobacco caterpiller Flowering stage Spodoptera litura Lepidoptera Crambidae Mango Mealybug Vegetative stage Droscichae mangiferae Hemipteara Monoplelibidae
38 4.2. Damage symptoms observed: Crop Pest Scientific Name Nature of damage Control measures adopted Rice Rice swarming Caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia feeding at night on the leaves and defoliates the plants completely Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5litres/ha or quinalphos 25 EC @2.0 litres/ha Rice Leaf folder Cnaphalocrois medinalis Leaves fold longitudinally. Larva scrape the green tissue of the leaves. In severe cases, field exhibit scorched appearance. Use rope to dislodge the larva. Apply nitrogenous fertilizer judiciously. Release Trichogramma chilonis thrice . Apply Quinalphos 25EC @ 2l / ha. Rice hispa Dicladispa armigera Scraping of the upper surface of the leaf blade leaving only the lower epidermis as white streaks parallel to the midrib. Spraying of Quinalphos 0.05% Tomato Leaf miner Liriomyza bryoniae Tunnelling in the leaves Leaf drop Spray Dimethoate @ 2ml/l water Cabbage Cabbage semi looper Tircihoplusia ni Scrabbing of leaves initially and defoliation. Spray insecticides like malathion 50EC @ 0.1% ha. Bittergourd Tobacco caterpiller Spodoptera litura Irregular holes on leaves initially and later skeletonisation leaving only veins and petioles. Pheromone traps @ 15/ ha to attract male moths Grow castor along border and irrigation channel as trap crop. Brinjal Tobacco caterpiller Spodoptera litura Irregular holes on leaves initially and later skeletonisation leaving only veins and petioles. Pheromone traps (Pherodin SL) @ 15/ ha to attract male moths Mango Mealybug Droscichae mangiferae Presence of pinkish nymphs and adult mealy bugs on leaf A Application of 1.5 per cent chlorpyriphos dust @ 250 g/ tree
39 4.3. Information on exhibits prepared 4.3.1. Exhibits prepared for information Centre Exhibits Uses Name of pests for which exhibits are prepared Response of the farmers No. of farmers visited Honey bee Suggested to adopt a apiculture in their farm & explained them the benifts of honey in maximizing their yield. Honeybee They were willing to adopt in the field. 25 Rope Rope pulling to dislodge the larva Rice leaf folder They had no knowledge about this practice but are not willing to adopt it 5 Insecticide Effective control of insect pests All major pests Willing to use these chemicals 2 Blue sticky trap Effective control of insect pests All major pests Install these in the fields 2 Light trap C Physical control of insects pests All pests Installation in the fields 2 4.3.2 Charts/posters regarding insect pests prepared for information centre Charts/ Posters Name of pests for which charts/posters are prepared Response of the farmers No. of farmers visited Chart Gundhi Bug Good response and willing to adopt the use of snails to control gundhi bug that we suggested them. 10 Chart Gall midge He seemed to get better idea on the pest as well as its management 10 Chart Safety major while Spraying insecticides Good response and they have got new idea about spraying. 10
40 4.4 Survey on (Data to be taken from minimum of 10 farmers and derive the conclusions) a. Adoption of recommendation on management practices for insect pests of crops by host farmer: Ans-Mostly relay on chemical management . Some use yellow sticky traps b. Incidence/ occurrence of different insect pests (Specify the insect pests): Ans- Gall midge & Gandhi bug, leaf folder in rice c. Precautions being taken by farmers while incorporating management practices Ans-Some use masks and gloves d. Any cases of poisoning (humans/ animals) being reported in the area while incorporating chemicals: Ans:- Yes , Itching of body I. Constraints/problems faced by the farmers regarding plant protection operations/ application of pesticides/ availability of pesticides and plant protection equipment etc. (Minimum of 5 constraints/problems to be identified from the allocated village): II. Ans- Non availability of proper pesticide, unaware about biologycal control, Non availability of power sprayer etc. III. Critical observations on the plant protection measures adopted by the farmer a. (reasons for not adopting certain recommended practice/new practices adopted): i. The recommended pesticides is not effective against many insects ii. Expensive chemicals had been recommended iii. Not interested in biological control as it is time consuming and they want instant results IV. Identify Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) of farmers (Minimum two to be identified) in reducing the insect pest damage and describe in detail with photos: Ans- Use of cowdung to control root knot nematode V. a .Awareness about Economic Threshold Levels of the pests: No VI. Whether any farmer is following: No VII. Knowledge of farmers about the alternate hosts like presence of weed flora on the occurrence of pests on crops: No 4.5 Observations to be taken in the field, record of data and analysis: 1. Divide the study area (host farmer’s field) into five blocks. 2. For sampling, twenty-five plants (25 hills in case of rice) should be selected randomly from each block from the selected surveyed area. 3. The population of different pests should be assessed by visually observing and counting the infested leaves covering top, middle and bottom canopy and infested hill/tillers on randomly selected plants. • Sucking pests: Observe top, middle and bottom portion of the plant and record the pest population on the leaves and draw the average
41 • Foliage pests: Record the no. of eggs/larvae per plant or damage fruiting bodies (flowers, pods, capsules, bolls) per plant. • Beneficial insects: Record the number on observational plant. ( 4.5.1) Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Rice leaf folder Block Rice leaf folder Total plants Damage Plants Per cent Damage No of infested leaves/ plant Total no. of leaves/ plant Per cent Incidence 1 25 10 40 3 7 42.8 2 25 12 48 2 8 25 3 25 11 44 3 8 37.5 4 25 9 36 2 5 40 5 25 17 28 3 6 50 (4.5.2) Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Tomato leaf miner. No. of infested leaves/plant/tiller/pod Total No. of leaves/plant/pod assessed 39.06 (Rice Leaf folder), 30.02 (Tomato leaf miner) Block Tomato leaf miner Total plants Damage Plants Per cent Damage No of infested leaves/ plant Total no. of leaves/ plant Per cent Incidence 1 25 10 40 3 15 20 2 25 8 32 4 12 33.3 3 25 7 28 4 16 25 4 25 5 24 3 10 30 5 25 11 44 5 12 41.6 x 100 Pest Incidence % = =
42
43
44 4.6 Pest Damaged Gallery White fly Guava Tobaco caterpillar in potato Tobaco caterpillar in bittergourd Tobaco cater pillar in brinjal Stem borer rice Swarming Caterpillar in rice Sootymold 2 Rice leaf folder
45 Rice Hispa Red pumpkin beetle in Cucumber Mealy bug Mango Catterpillar attack in french bean Leafminor bean Gall midge mango Gundhi bug attack in rice Hadda beetle in cucumber
46 4.7 Demonstration 4.7.1. Exhibition on Honeybee cultivation Fig-81- Showing the box explaining them about the honey bee Fig-82- Opening the honeybee box with proper safty major Fig-83-Showing the hoeenybee from brood chamber Fig-86- Opening of Honey bee box 3 Fig-84-Removing brood chamber from the box Fig-83-Showing the hoeenybee from brood chamber
47 4.7.2 Exhibition on rope pulling in Rice to dislodge the larva. 4.7.3 Use of effective pesticide through display method Fig-88- Rope pulling done Fig-89- Rope pulling done Fig-89- List of pesticide shown Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides 4 Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides
48 4.7.4 Exhibition on Blue Sticky trap: - 4.7.5 Exhibition on Light Trap: - Fig-91- Demostrating blue sticky trap Fig-92- Understainding them about the usees Fig-93- Installation of blue sticky trap Fig-94- Distribution of Blue sticky trap Fig-95- demostration on solar light trap 5 Fig-96- understanding them about the benifts
49 4.7.6 Demonstration through poster presentation Gandhibug 4.7.7 Gallmidge 4.7.8 Safety major while Spraying insecticides: - Fig- 97- Poster of gundhi bugs Fig- 99- Understanding them about gundhibugs Fig- 100-Poster of Gall midge Fig- 101- understnding them about Gall midge Fig- 102 Leaflet distribution to the farmer about about safet major. Fig-103-Demonstrating about safety major while spraying.
50 4.8 Other Entomological works.:- Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- 104-Pest incidence observation Fig-105- Pest incidence calculation in another block Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap
51 5. Plant Pathology • Identification of diseases in different crops in host farmer’s field or any fields in village. • Methods of taking observations in field crops/vegetables/fruit/crops regarding disease incidence. • Recording of observations on agronomical/horticultural crops regarding disease incidence. • Calculation of disease incidence in related crop. • Suggestion of control measures to the farmers. • Collection of twenty disease sample for preparation of disease herbarium at the time of final report submission. 5.1 Method of taking observations in the field • Enter into the field of the farmer and divide the field in five blocks. • From each block select randomly five plants per meter row length for observation from each block and have the sample of 25 plants/ field. • Find out any abnormalities in plant like wilting, deformation and a discoloration of leaf/stem/fruit/pod is present or not. • Make sure that it occurred due to disease or any nutritional deficiency or pest attack. • Make sure that which type of disease is it and take the sample to lab, verify it. 5.1.1 Fungal Disease: Sl. No. Name of the Disease Example of crop affected Identifying characters Put your, self captured infected crop plant photographs 1 Mildew (Downy mildew, powdery mildew) Cucurbits, crucifer, maize, sunflower White grey, brownish or purplish growth on the host surface 2 Rust Maize, sunflower Red, brown, yellow or black colour rusty symptom appears on the leaf and stem 3 Smut Maize The affected plant converted to black dusty spore mass. It infects leaf, stem and roots.
52 4 White blister Crucifer White blister like pustules 5 Necrotic symptom/spot Leaf Tissue become dead at the point of infection and generally surrounded by yellow halo. 6 Streak or stripe Leaf and stem The stripe appear as elongated line and initially yellow in colour later turn brown 7 Blight Leaf, blooms and twigs Sudden death of leaves, twig occurs and dead organ changed to brown or black 8 Damping off Seedling generally affected Near the soil line the stem affected with rotten symptoms and finally whole shoot system collapse 9 Rot Fruit, stem and root The affected tissue die decomposed to a great extent and turn brown 10 Anthracnose Fruit, pod and stem Ulcer like lesion on fruits and pods 11 Wilt Whole shoot system, found in Solanaceous plants A flaccid or drooping condition of leaves, shoots or other parts is usually due to a diseased vascular system which ultimately resulted with mortality of the plant 12 Die-back Twigs or branches A symptoms resulting from the dying of twigs or branches from the tip towards the base.
53 5.1.2 Bacterial disease: Bacterial disease can easily identify (those who are not showing any symptoms specifically bacterial wilt) in the field as well as lab condition through Ooze test. Ooze test – In this technique, stem portion of suspected plant samples cuts obliquely by a fine knife. Then the cutted stem placed into a test tube (takes half of its volume with sterile distilled water/normal water) and observed very closely. If small droplet of Ooze or viscous fluidal material comes out from the cutted stem to the water, then we can say plant sample is infected with bacterial disease. This is one types of rapid confirmatory test without lab trial. 5.1.3 Viral disease: Yellowing, curling of leaf, stunting of plant etc. 5.1.4 Phytoplasma disease: Little leaf of brinjal, Sesamum phyllody • Methods of observation will slightly change from crop to crop. However, to get the correct information enquire from your subject teacher (Pathologist) for recording observations. 5.2 Schedule on monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking their remedies Name of the Student :- Tapan Kumar Behera Date :- To monitor the crops for disease occurrence, each student should pay constant visit to the cropped area and look for any unnatural growth and occurrence. Take samples to Department of Agricultural Entomology, Plant Pathology and Physiology to identify the maladies if noticed or may be with the teacher Get the remedies and make record. Exercise • Document the problems that you have identified and the remedies given by the experts below in the table. • Make regular record of observation during the entire course of time and draw conclusion. Table 5.2.1 Schedule of monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking remedies Crop Disease Stage with date of observation Remedy given by experts Rice Brown Spot Vegetative stage Date-04/11/2021 Application of mancozeb and metalaxil in 1lit of water . Leaf Blast Vegetative stage Date-15/11/2021 Split nitrogen fertilizer application in two or more treatments. Excessive use of fertilizer can increase blast intensity. Apply Triazoles
54 False Smut Early flowering stage Date-16/11/2021 To grow registance var. Use Bavistin @ 0.1% Greengram Cercospora leaf spot Flowering stage Date-11/12/2021 Spraying carbendazim@0.2% Greengram Microphomina blight Flowering Stage Date- 11/12/2021 Bittergourd Powdery Mildew Vegetative stage Date- 01/12/2021 Spraying of carbendazim@0.1% Cowpea Angular leaf spot 4 Leaf satge Date- 01/12/2021 Conclusion : To reduced disease incidence go for early management. 5.3 Crop Disease Status and Damage in the Field of Host Farmers. Name of Students : Tapan Kumar Behera Name of Village : Tunga Host Farmer : Niranjan Behera Name of the Crop : Rice Variety : Swarna Sub- 1 Area : 1 ha Date of Sowing : 27th June 2021 Stage of the Crop : Panicle initiation Objectives: ❖ To know the status of disease incidence on the cultivated crop. ❖ Students will be able to correlate the present disease incidence status with the ETL levels of the disease incidence. ❖ On the basis of observation and available ETL level, the control measures to be adopted by the farmer, it should be suggested by the student to the host farmer. Table 5.3.1 Record of disease occurrence per meter row length for foliar disease Block Plant Total no. of leaves present No. of leaves affected ( Brown Spot) Percentage of disease incidence Top Middle Lower 1 1 12 02 02 01 41.66% 2 15 03 01 06 66.66% 3 08 01 01 04 75% 4 14 06 01 02 64.28% 5 11 04 03 01 72.72% 2 1 16 03 01 03 43.75 2 12 05 02 03 83.33 3 14 04 01 02 50% 4 13 05 03 01 69.23% 5 15 04 03 01 53.33%
55 Similarly, record of observations should be prepared to other types of disease. Conclusions: The above observation is done in paddy field for incidence of Blast disease of rice, where I took 10 block of 1 square meter area. it can be concluded that percentage of disease incidence is above ETL level. 5.4 Disease incidence: The formulae used for determining the disease and pest incidence are: Disease Incidence % = no. of affected leaf/plant/tiller/pod Total no. of leaf/plant/pod assessed x 100 If the percentage of disease incidence is above 50% i.e. near equal to Economic threshold level (ETL) then control measure is recommended to farmer. Seasonal Incidence % = Total no. of leaf affected/hill or plant Total no. of leaf present/hill or plant x 100 5.4.1 Crop disease status and damage in the fields of host farmers Table 5.4.1.1 Record of disease occurrence in 25 square meter crop area (consider only those much plants present under this area) of fruit and vegetable crop plants Block Observation Fruit Disease A [Sigatoka leaf spot of Banana] Vegetable disease B [Brinjal Alternaria leaf spot] Total Damage plants Percent Damage Total Damage plants Percent Damage 1 1 16 6 37.5% 55 21 38.58% 2 17 5 29.41% 60 29 44.61% 3 23 7 30.43 52 22 42.30% 4 15 5 33.33% 65 29 44.61% 5 19 5 21.05 58 26 44.28% Total 90 28 31.11 290 120 41.37 % Average 18 5.6 30.34 58 24 41.39% 2 1 23 8 34.78 58 20 34.58% 2 24 11 52.38 54 25 46.29% 3 27 13 48.18 60 25 41.66% 4 21 11 52.38 51 20 39.21% 5 23 10 43.47 63 25 39.21% Total 118 53 44.91 51 20 39.21% Average 23.6 10.6 53.90 57.2 23 401.28%
56 Table 5.4.1.2 Record of disease occurrence of cereal crop Rice [Leaf blast] Block Observation/Plants Total no. of tiller present per hill Total no. Of affected tiller per hill Percent Disease incidence 1 1 11 03 27.27% 2 09 03 33.33% 3 11 04 36.36% 4 08 03 37.5% 5 09 02 22.22% 2 1 13 4 30.76% 2 09 03 33.33% 3 11 04 36.36% 4 13 03 23.07% 5 09 02 22.22% 3 1 09 01 11.11% 2 07 01 14.28% 3 08 03 37.5% 4 08 01 12.5% 5 07 02 28.57% Percent Disease Incidence = 27.09% 5.5 Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease damage. 1. Name of students : Tapan Kumar Behera 2. Name of farmer : Niranjan Behera 3. Name of Crop/Variety: Swarna sub- 1 4. Date of Sowing : 27th June 2021
57 Table 5.5.1 Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease incidence/damage Control measures Suggested control measures Adapted/not adopted by the farmers along with the Reasons Cultural control Deep summer ploughing Clean cultivation field fertile Yes the farmer has adopted to make the Field fertile. Physical control Exposure of seeds to sunlight and soaking with water before sowing Yes the farmer has adopted this for better germination rate. Chemical Seed treatment and spraying of fungicides . Seed treatment with Thiram and Captan Biological Release of larval parasitoids to control vectors causing disease No, the farmer dint follow this method as they could not find any source of their availability and the it is also difficult to manage them IDM Suggested to follow cultural method first followed by physical,mechanical, biological and chemical method at last They are not following as they were unaware about this. 5.6 Information on IDM to be collected in the form of questionnaire from the host farmer Name of Students : Tapan Kumar Behera Name of the Farmer : Prasanna Panda Name of Crop/variety : Rice (Pooja) Date of Sowing : 27th June 1. What is IDM ? Ans- yes 2. Do you know the components of IDM ? Ans- No 3. Which fungicides/bactericide is purchased by farmer ? Ans- Carbendazim 4. Who suggested them to use in the crop ? Ans- Himself only 5. Source of purchase of fungicides/bactericide ? Ans- Private shop 6. How you decide the quantity of fungicides/bactericide to be purchased ? Ans- From AAO. 7. How you prepare the solution ?
58 Ans- Mixing with water. 8. Dou you use measuring cylinder, weighing balance for correct measurement of pesticide ? Ans-No 9. How you spray the fungicides/bactericides ? 10. Ans- With the help of sprayer. 11. Whether the pesticide is applied alone or in combination ? Ans- No, alone 12. Whether you know the dose of fungicides/bactericide, do you calculate the dose of fungicides/bactericide? Ans- No 13. Time and dose of application of fungicides/bactericide ? Ans- In the morning. 14. Whether pesticides are applied as preventive or curative measures ? Ans- N0 15. Do you know the precautionary measures to avoid poisoning ? Ans- Yes 16. Do you follow other methods of disease control ? Ans- Before 5-10 years ago. 17. Are the RAEO, extension workers/KVK's are guiding you in disease management ? Ans- Yes 18. Are the RAEO/Scientists pay visit your village/fields ? Ans- Yes 19. Do they advise IDM tactics for disease management ? Ans- Yes 20. Do you follow the advice given on TV/Radio in krishi Darshan regarding IDM ? Ans- Sometimes. 21. Do you feel any difficulties while performing disease management in the field ? Ans- Yes
59 Table 5.7 Seasonal disease incidence (on two agronomical and horticultural crops) Date of sowing Name of Disease Damaging stage of Disease Plant Parts affected Status of the disease (Percent damage) Control measures undertaken Biocontrol agent, if anything they have applied/you suggested Low <10% Mediu m 10- 30% High >30% 27th June Blast of rice Vegetativ e Leaves Medium Tricylazol @ 6gm/ha No Brown spot of rice Vegetativ e Leaves Low Hexaconazo l@2ml/lit No Fruit rot of brinjal Fruiting Fruit High Carbendazi m No Powdery mildew in bittergour d Fruiting Leaf High Carbendazi m No Signature of Students Signature of Teacher
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62 5.8 Diesease Gallery Yellow mosaic virus in mung Fusarium wilt in Bittergourd Early leaf spot tomato Yellow mv bittergourd Powdery mildew in bittergourd Microphomina blight blackgram Sepatorial leaf spot Sheath blight in rice
63 leaf blast of rice Ginger bacterial wilt False smut of rice Early leaf spot tomato Colocassia leaf blight of colosaccia Citrus cancer Cercospora leaf spot of Chilli Cercospora leaf spot Blackgram
64 Brown spot in Rice Black rot cabbage Angular leaf spot bean Ginger bacterial wilt Bacterial wilt in Tomato Bacterial leaf streak of Rice Antharnose of Green gram Bacterial wilt in brinjal
65 5.9 Demonstration SL No Date Name of Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Blast disease of rice Poster Presentation 05 2 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Sheath Blight of rice Poster Presentation 15 3 18-11-2021 Recommendation use on use of some effective fungicides & bactericides through display method. Field Demonstration 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 5 12-02-2021 Safety major while Spraying Fungicides. Field Demonstration 10 5.9.1 Demonstration on Blast disease of rice Fig-110- poster of Blast disease of rice Fig-111- Demonstrating blast disease of rice Fig-112- Blast Poster with farmer
66 5.9.2 Demonstration on Sheath Blight of rice Fig-113- Sheath blight Poster with farmer 5.9.3 Recommendation use on use of some effective fungicides & bactericides through display method. Fig-112- Blast Poster with farmer Fig- 113 Lists of Fungicides Fig-114- Farmers with Fungicides .
67 5.9.4 Demonstration on Trichoderma viride Fig- Demonstrating about the Fungicides Fig-114- Demonstrating about Metalyxil+ mancozeb Fig- 115- Poster of Trichoderma viride Fig- 116-Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed traetment Fig- 116-Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed traetment Fig-117- Seed treatment of rice with Trichoderma
68 5.9.5 Safety major while Spraying Fungicides. Fig-118- Demonstrating about safety major while spraying Fig-119-Distributon of leaflet about safety major prepared by me. Fig-Demonstrating about safety major while spraying Fig-Demonstrating about safety major while spraying
69 6 . Agricultural Extension 6.1 Making a map of allotted village
70 6.2 Study of Rural Institutions 6.2.1 GRAM PANCHAYAT 1. Name of the Gram Sabha : Tunga Gram sabha 2. Head Officer of Gram Panchayat : Smt Sandhyarani Behera 3. Names of the villages falling under it: 4 Villages (a) Tunga (b) Nuakula (c) Baulajodi (d) Endol 4. Population : 7515 5. Number of Voter : 5423 6. Number of members of the Gram Panchayat: (a) Elected 9 (b) Nominated 4 (c) Total 13 7. Name of the Gram Pradhan : Mr. Narayan Sahoo 8. Name of the Panchayat Secretary : Mr. Natabar Malick 9. Number of meetings held in previous year : 4 10. Income and expenditure of Gram Panchayat: (from 01-04-2021 to 01-11- 20 Income Expenditure Head of sources Amount Head of Expenditure Amount 1. Govt. grant 2. Taxes, rate, and fees (a) Tax (i) Revenue/Lagaan (ii) Animals and vehicles (iii) Buildings (b) Water supply rates (c) Fees (i) Trade and commerce (ii) Sale price in market (iii) Classification of the animal sold (iv) Others 3. Education, medical and public health 4. Receipts (a) Fairs, exhibitions and markets (b) Rend of buildings and land (c) Sale amount, premium of buildings and land 45,25742/- Development Works By sarpanch Name of Block: Aul Distance from village: 3 Km Name of District : Kendrapada Distance from Village: 41Km Name of MLA : Mr. Pratap Keshari Dev. Name of AAO : Ms. Scucheta Patra
71 6.2.2 VILLAGE SCHOOL 1. Name of the School : C.P.B.E.T High School, Tunga . 2. Name of Village & Gram Panchayat where school is situated : Tunga 3. Name of Head Master : 4. Name of Sikhya Mitra: 5. Number of teachers: Male: 7 Female: 0 Total: 7 6. Facilities available at School: (Select…………..poor/good) a. Facilities regarding hygiene : Good b. Facilities regarding medical care : Poor c. Facilities of game & sports : Good d. Facilities for adult education : Poor e. Others ; Good 7. Area under School (m2); i. Constructed : 4000 M2 ii. Lawn : 2000 M2 iii. Playground : Not available iv. Others : 2000 M2 VI. Extra-curricular activities performed by school Activities P. T. Drill Games Sports Cultural activities Creativ e works Communi ty works Other s Yes/No (response) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 6.2.2 COPERATIVE SOCIETY Sl. No. Names of Societies No. of members Name of Head Activity 1 Cuttack Central Cooperative Bank Limited. 3000 Mr. Tapas Prased Singh Encouraging Agriculture and Allied activities, Self-help and mutual aid among the members of the Bank as well as Primary Agricultural Coop. Societies those are affiliated to the Bank. 2 Demal PACS 2350 Mr. Satyaranjan Mallick Paddy Procurement. Gives loan to farmer . Suggestions for the betterment: - To engage more no of farmer so that farmer community will encourage for agriculture and allied activities.
72 6.3. Visit to Govt. Offices 6.3.1 KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA 1. Name of the KVK : Krusi Vigyan Kendra , Kendrapada 2. Distance from the head quarter : 3 kms 3. Year of establishment : 1994 4. Name of the project Co-ordinator/ KVK Head/ Sr. Scientist : Dr. Surya Narayan Mishra 5. Staffing pattern of the KVK : SSH SCIENTISTS P.A F.M ADMIN. TOTAL Sanc. Post 01 06 02 01 04 14 Filled Post 01 04 02 01 04 12 6. Subject-wise list of Subject Matter Specialists/ Scientists presently placed Sl. No. Subject Scientist(s) 01 Plant Protection Dr. Surya Narayan Mishra 02 Home Science Dr. Namita Mohapatra 03 Agronomy Mr. Tapas Kumar Sahoo 04 Horticulture Mr. Prabhanjan Mishra 05 Soil Science Mr. Pravat Kumar Sahoo 06 Fishery Mr. Manas Ranjan Behera 7. Activities (on campus) a. Conducting training programme in different discipline. b. Demonstration on different components like mushroom, vermicompost, IFS, Activities (off campus) a. Front line demonstration b. On farm testing. c. Field day d. Field training. 6.3.2 ASSISTANT AGRICULTURE OFFICER’S OFFICE 1. Placed at: Block: Aul Tehsil: Aul Dist.: Kendarapada 2. Distance from the head quarter: 40 kms 3. Year of establishment: 1987 4. Name of the AAO: Ms. Sucheta Patra 5. Collection of data Total cultivated area : 10228 ha
73 Total irrigated area : 6200 ha No of farmers in the block : 16000 No of farmers in the village : 300 Marginal :….. Small :…… Medium:……….. Large:……… Total:…… 6.4 Documentation of ITK Sl. No Particulars of name of practice Purpose Method of applicati on Time of application & Dosage Rationa le behind ITK Extent of adoption (poor/good ) Constra ints in adoptio n Opinion of farmers 1 Preparation of a paste from leaves of Prasaruni tree (local name) Digestiv e Problem Drinking with applicatio n of some water To digest undigested foods Good Time consumi ng It provides best result than medicin es 2 Raw Papaya Rodenti cide 1 raw papaya/ burrow Sticky and damages the mouth of the Good Some rodent won’t at all consum e papaya Effectiv e and still uses this practice. 3 Preparation of a pest from leaves of Neem& Arakha ( Local name) Pesticid e Spraying 10ml/ l of water It contains insectici dal property . Poor Time consumi ng Time consumi ng and laboriou s 6.5 Scenario of agri information by farmers 6.5.1. ICT MEASURES Sl. No. Major Social media and Mobile Reachability (People use) No. Percentage against total population of village or tele density (%) 1 Facebook 2500 33.26% 2 Youtube 2700 35.92% 3 Google 3000 39.92% 4 Linkedin 60 0.79% 5 Twitter 300 3.99% 6 Whatsapp 4000 53.22 7 Blogs 0 0 8 ResearchGate 100 1.33% 9 Mobile 6000 79.84%
74 6.5.2 UTILISATION PATTERN OF AGRIL. INFORMATION SOURCES (BY VILLAGERS) Sl. No Sources of Information Unknown about source of Informatio n Respondents known about source of information Not utilized source of Info. Utilized Source of Info. Extant of contact per year f % f % Occasio nally (1- 5 times) Frequen tly (6-0 times) More frequent ly (>11 times) Pooled f % 1 SAUs/ICAR institutes - - - - - - - - - 2 KVK 180 60 95 31.6 5 10 10 25 8.3 3 State Agril Dept.s 20 6.6 80 26.6 50 70 80 200 66.6 4 Agril related TV channel 50 16.6 100 33.3 45 65 50 160 53.3 5 Radio programme related to agril. 40 13.3 50 16.6 90 50 70 210 70 6 Newspaper/Agril. Magazines 50 16.6 100 33.3 50 45 55 150 50 7 Input dealers services 20 6.6 45 15 100 60 75 235 78.3 8 Mobile and Internet 20 6.6 30 10 120 75 55 250 83.3 9 Kisan Call Center 45 15 55 18.3 20 60 120 200 66.6 10 Farmers school/ Farmers Organization 200 66 20 6.6 40 25 15 80 26.6 11 Friends/relatives/neig hbors etc. 90 30 40 13.3 90 50 30 170 56.6 12 Co-operative societies - - 50 16 55 95 100 250 83.3 Avg. (%)
75 6.6 Documentation regarding community participation 6.6.1 DOCUMENTATION OF SHGS Sl. No. Name of SHG No. of members Name of Head Annual Budget Annual Profit (per person) 1 BABA BILESWARA 20 MINATI BARIK 100000/- 15000/- 2 BABAMANI 10 MANJULATA DAS 80000/- 10000/- 3 BALUNKESWAR SHG 13 HARBATI SWAIN 120000 18000/- 4 GOPABANDHU SHG 10 PRAVATI BEHERA 100000/- 16000/- 5 GUPTESWAR SHG 12 RUKUMANI DAS 75000/- 12000/- 6.6.2 GENDER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE Major crops (Min. 3 crops) No. of male No. of female Total Male/ Female ratio Rice 400 150 550 8:3 Tomato 250 100 350 5:2 Greengram 350 100 450 6:2 6.7 Documentation of a Success/ Failure Story (Attachment with photo) An example of overcoming adversity of an Organic cauliflower cultiver named Baina Barik He came to be aware of the interest of Organic creates and chose to deliver natural cauliflower in the extended time of 2017. He talked with the AAO and found that there was a plan through which the Govt. Gave appropriation of 30% for the oraganic production till the are confirmed as an unadulterated natural producer. He then, at that point, begin with his 1 ha of land for natural cauliflower. At first he bears some degree of misfortunes and starets losing trust, however the AAO empowers him and caused him to comprehend about the system of getting ensured and gave him example of a fruitful natural cultivator in the close by block i.e Aul . He kept developing and in the time of 2019 he got authentication of natural cultiver. Presently his produce of natural cauliflower is having popularity and it is sent out to practically all the closest distict of the state.Now he began developing natural tomato. He is especially grateful to the AAO for his prosperity.
76 6.8 STUDENTS PARTICIPATION IN RURAL SOCIAL WORK Name, place, date of the social work: C.P.B.E.T High School.Tunga Time of task : Afternoon Purpose of work : To spread awareness among students on world soil day. Level of contribution : Plantation Nature of Contribution : Sishu & Baula Tree. Opinion of villagers regarding contribution: Happy & motivated No. of villagers (and no. of rural youths) motivated through the work :15 Questionnaire (after translation in local language) 1. Do you have any pond (water body)? Yes/ No : Yes 2. If yes then : 3. Area of pond and no : 600m2 4. Utilization of pond : Fishery a. Fishery : b. Irrigation : c. If fishery, type of fish species : Grasscoper, Rupchandi 5. Production (species wise) : Grasscoper, Rupchandi 6. Net income :80000/- 7. Maintenance of water body :12000/- 8. If irrigation, then area of land irrigated : no 9. Depth of water(in ft.) throughout the year in ponds :10- 15 ft J- F- M- A- MA- J- JU- A- S- O- N- D 10. Health hazards of women associated with chullah :Yes 11. Role of women in agricultural operation (land preparation to harvesting/ processing): Harvesting 12. Wage rate for male and female per day : Both male & female 400/- 13. Job availability of men and women throughout the year and wages: 14. Type of diseases generally peoples are suffering from: Viral 15. Causes /sources of diseases : 16. Health /Medical facilities available in the village : No 17. Do you use Kisan Call Centre no. (1800-180-1551) for any assistance ever? Yes/No: If yes: Yes 18. What type of assistance you have received : Disease management 19. Education standard (in %) : 75% 20. Dropout rates- Boys/ Girls (class-wise dropouts): B-20 G-32
77 21. Reasons of dropouts : Family responsibility 22. Mid-day meal programme is in operation in schools : yes ( Not now due to Covid-19) If yes: Rice, Egg, Soyabean, Dal 23. What are the reasons of dropout : did not have interest : 24. Pucca house: 260 Kuccha house:20 Mixed house: 20 No shelter (house):0 25. Literacy rate : 75% 26. Sources of income : Agriculture & private business 27. Land holding (in Acre) : 3-4acre 28. Types of land (in Acre) : a. High :02 acre b. Medium : 01acre c. Low : 01Acre 29. Land utilization pattern- Topography wise : 4acre 30. Economic status of the people (in %) : a. Rich :10% b. Medium :80% c. Poor :10% 31. Do you add value of any agricultural produce? Yes /No: No If yes: 32. Mention the procedure and economics : 33. Is there any SHG (Self-Help Group)? Yes/No : Yes 34. Name(s) of the group(s) : Balaram SHG 35. Whether it is run by- only women / only men / both : women 36. Number of members of the group(s) : 13 37. Do you have the membership? Yes/No : No 38. If yes, mention the detail activities of the group : 39. How SHG helps to empower women (mention in details): In economical sector it gives more support to & developed women empowerment 40. How much do you get from SHG (in Rs.) : 41. What do you do with your additional earnings from SHG (mention item wise): 42. If you do not have membership (explain reasons) : Not intrested 43. Where is the location of market (name and distance in km.): 3 km 44. Do you always get the remunerative price? Yes /No : No 45. If no, name the crop you didn’t get the remunerative price: Cabbage & Cauliflower 46. Please mention your marketing strategy (in details) : 47. Do you know about any traditional storage system? Yes /No: No If yes, mention the structure and mechanism (in details): 48. Did you observed any changes in agricultural practices? Yes / No: Yes If yes what are the changes you observed (in details): Pest control after installings traps 49. Do you feel climate change has any impact on agriculture? Yes /No: Yes If yes, mention the perception of changes you observed (in details): Crop losses. 50. What are the mitigation options you adapted? : Not adopted.
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79 Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) Tools 6.11 List of PRA Tools carried out S L No Date Name of the PRA Tools 01 11-10-2021 Village map 02 11-10-2021 Resource map 03 11-10-2021 Social map 04 11-10-2021 Daily Activity 05 02-11-2021 Cause Effect Diagram 06 02-11-2021 Wealth ranking 07 02-11-2021 Matrix ranking 08 13-11-2021 Livelihood Analysis 09 13-11-2021 Swot 10 13-11-2021 Transact walk 11 13-11-2021 Timeline 12 13-11-2021 Seasonality analysis 13 13-11-2021 Crop Calener 14 13-11-2021 Mobility map
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81 6.9 Agricultural Extension Activities Fig-125- making of resource Map Fig-120-With the headmaster of CPBET High School Tunga Fig-121 In the grampanchyat offoice for collection of data Fig-122 -With the nayab sarapanch of the GP Fig-123- In FIAC, BAO, Office Fig-124- Data Collecteing from AAO Mam. Fig-126- Village map making Fig-130- Transact walk@ CPBET high Scool
82 Fig-128- Transact walk @ Mission shakti Fig-129-Transact walk @ Tunga rural park Fig-130- Transact walk@ CPBET high csgool Fig-131- Social Map making Fig-132-Failure story data collection Fig-133- Visit to kvk Fig-134- Visiting of vermicompost unit with scientist
83 Fig-136- In Bio-fertilizer unit with KVK scientists. Fig-137-In Grape orchards of KVK Kendrapada. Fig-138- Dragon fruit in KVK Fig-139- Takeing data from BLO @ total voter list Fig-140- Mega Plantation drive On the occasion of World Soil day
84 PRA Chart Display to Farmer
85 6.10 Demonstration Activity Carried out SL No Date Name of Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Model of Integrated farming system Exhibition 20 2 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Azolla cultivation Poster Presentation 20 3 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Soil sampling Poster Presentation 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 5 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of micronutrients & Biofertilizer Field Demonstration 10 6 23-11-2021 Suggestion on use of sprayer mechanism Field Demonstration 10 7 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of effective herbicides Field Demonstration 10 8 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Air layering in guava Field demonstration 05 9 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Kitchen Garden Poster Presentation 15 10 18-11-2021 Demonstration on training Pruning Poster Presentation 10 11 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Dragon fruit Cultivation Poster Presentation 10 12 12-02-2021 Demonstration on Showing of different Horticultural instruments through display method Field Demonstration 10 13 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Honeybee cultivation Exhibition 10 14 23-11-2021 Rope pulling to dislodge the larva Exhibition 10 15 23-11-2021 Effective Insecticides through display Exhibition 10 16 23-11-2021 Effective control of insect pests Exhibition 10 17 23-11-2021 Demonstration on blue sticky trap Exhibition 10 18 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Solar light Trap Exhibition 10 19 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Gundhibugs Poster Presentation 10 20 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Gallmidge Poster Presentation 10
86 21 23-11-2021 Demonstration on safety precaution while spraying insecticide Leafchart 10 22 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Blast disease of rice Poster Presentation 05 23 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Sheath Blight of rice Poster Presentation 15 24 18-11-2021 Recommendation use on use of some effective fungicides & bactericides through display method. Field Demonstration 10 25 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 26 12-02-2021 Safety major while Spraying Fungicides. Field Demonstration 10 6.12 Demonstration Gallery Fig-151-IFS Model demonstration of IFS Fig-152- Distribution of Leafolder on IFS Fig-153-Azolla Cultivation Demonstration through poster presentation
87 Fig-154- Demonstration on light Trap by through demonstration Fig—155-Leaflet distribution on safety major Fig-156—Demonstration of soil sampling through Z model Fig-157-Model of IFS
88 7. Agricultural Economics 7.1. Transport, Education and Health Services. I. Bus Stand : Aul Distance from Village : 3Km II. Railway Station : No Distance from Village : 0 Km III. Post Office : Aul IV. Condition of Road : Good V. School : C.P.B.E.T High schhol, Tunga VI. College : Aul College , Aul Distance from Village :5 Km VII. Primary Health Centre : Aul PHC, Aul VIII. Private Dispensary : Sadguru laboratory IX. Aaganbadis/Baalbadis: Anganbadi Kendra , Tunga 7.2. Population (Village Demography) Table 7.2.1 Classification of families Sl. No. Occupation No. of Families Percentage 1 Agriculturists 180 45 % 2 Landless farmers/Agri.Labourers 100 25% 3 Village Artisans 7 1.75% 4 Industry/Factory Workers 30 7.5% 5 Self Employed (Business) 12 3 % 6 Teachers 16 4 % 7 Private Sector Employee 20 5 % 8 Other Govt. Sector 35 8.75% Total 400 100% Table 7.2.2 Population Sex Category Literate Illiterate Total No. Total Population (Percentage) Male (i) Adults (above 35 yrs) 126 350 476 31.73% (ii) Youth ( 18-35 yrs) 180 30 210 14% (iii) Children 65 15 80 5.33 Female (i) Adults (above 35 yrs) 50 295 345 23% (ii) Youth ( 18-35 yrs) 75 195 270 18% (iii) Children 92 27 119 7.93% Total (Male + Female ) 588 912 1500 100%
89 Table 7.2.3 Level of literacy Sl. No. Types of Literary Number Total percentage Male Female 1 Illiterate 24 8 5.44% 2 Studied up to V 30 12 7.14% 3 Studied up to VIII Class 56 30 14.62% 4 Studied Up to Xth Class 86 40 21.42% 5 Studied up to XIth Class 10 20 5.10% 6 XII Passed 20 34 9.18% 7 Graduates 120 65 31.46% 8 Post Graduates 25 8 5.61% Total 371 217 100% Table 7.2.4 Drinking Water Facilities: Sl. No. Source Number of sources No. of families depending upon sources 1 Well 02 8 2 Tube wells 12 320 3 Pond 04 30 4 Hand pump 06 18 5 Other ( own borewell) 24 24 Total 48 400 Table 7.2.5 Marketing Facilities Sl. No. Type Available within village Nearest Place to the village Distance in Km 1 Weekly Haat No Aul, Nial 3 Kms 2 Regulated Market No Aul 3 Kms 3 Daily need/Kirana Yes - - 4 Veg & Fruit stall No Aul, Nial 3 Kms
90 5 Fair price (Ration) shop Yes - - 6 Any other (Food Stall) Yes - _ Table 7.2.6 Livestock Population (As per the Gram Panchyat Records) Class Type of livestock Number A Draft animal 15 Bullocks 10 He buffaloes 18 Total 43 B Milch animals 250 Local/Deshi breed cows 65 Crossbred cows 30 Buffaloes 120 Total 465 C Calves (below 3 years) 25 Local breed cows 30 Crossbred cows 15 Buffaloes 10 Total 80 D Goats/Sheep 100 Poultry 300 E Others (Duck) 100 Table 7.2.7 Veterinary Aid available for Livestock Sl. No. Particular Available in village/town Village At nearby Distance (in Km) 1 Veterinary Dispensary No Aul 3 Kms 2 Artificial Insemination Centre No Aul 3 Kms 3 Dairy Cooperative Society No Kendrapada 35Kms 4 Any Other
91 Table 7.2.8 Land utilization pattern Sl. No. Particulars Area (in ha) 1 Total geographical area 281 ha 2 Forest area 10.83 ha 3 Grazing and pasture land 3 ha 4 Land put to non-agril use 10 ha 5 Total cultivable area 196 ha 6 Area under rainfed agri. 100 ha 7 Area under irrigation 60 ha 8 Net sown area 160 ha 9 Area sown more than once 102 ha Table 7.2.9 Structural distribution of land holdings Sl. No. Farm size (ha) No. of Holdings Total (in Percentage) Area (ha) Total (in Percentage) 1 Up to 1.00 25 40.32 % 33 ha 26.82 % 2 1.01-2.00 18 29.03 % 26 ha 21.13 % 3 2.01-4.00 12 19.35 % 36 ha 29.26 % 4 4.01-6.00 06 09.67 % 20 ha 16.26 % 5 6.01-above 01 01.61 % 08 ha 6.50 % Table 7.2.10 Source of irrigation Sl. No. Source Number Area Covered (ha.) Kharif Rabi Perennial 1 Canal 01 25ha 35 ha - 2 Tube wells - - - - 3 Tanks - - - - 4 Private Lifts - - - - 5 Other ( Lift Irrigation) 05 35 ha 25ha - Total 06 60 ha 60 ha - Table 7.2.11 Cropping Pattern (Previous year) Season Crop Rainfed area (ha.) Irrigated Area (ha) Average Yield (q/ha) Rainfed Irrigated Kharif Rice 90 ha 55 ha 1125 q 1000q Vegetable 10 ha 5 ha 240 q 200 q Rabi Tomato - 5 ha - 250q Greengram - 5ha - 40q
92 Summer Bittergourd 5ha 9 ha 600q 800q Tomato 10 ha 15 ha 400q 900q Table 7.2.12 Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technology (Important crops) Name of Technolo gy Crop Total area (ha) Area covered in ha. Traditional Modern Area Percentage Area Percentage Tractor Rice Legumes Cabbage Tomato 100 ha 40 ha 40 % 60ha 60% Combine harvester Rice 60 ha 20 ha 33.3% 40 ha 66.6 % Table 7.2.13 Availability of agricultural labourers Sl. No. Type of Labour Adequate/Inadequate Wages paid (Rs/day) 1 Male Adequate 350 2 Female Adequate 300 3 Bullock pairs - - Table 7.2.14 Agro-Based Industries in the village or nearby area Sl. No. Agro-based industry No. of families engaged Number In the Village Nearby area 1 Rice mill 0 No Pattamundai 2 Daal/Oil mill 0 No Pattamundai 3 Floor mill 0 No Kendrapada 4 Jaggery making 0 No - 5 Others 0 No- 0 Table 7.2.15 Subsidiary Enterprises Sl. No. Enterprise No. of families engaged 1 Dairy 2 2 Poultry 10 3 Goat/sheet rearing - 4 Piggery - 5 Huller 2
93 Table 7.2.16 Other village institutions Sl. No. Institute Yes/No 1 Gram Panchayat Yes 2 Mandi No 3 Cooperative Society No 4 Kisan Club No 5 Youth Club Yes 6 Mahila Club No 7 BhajanMandali No 8 Sports Club Yes 9 Others ( Mshan Shakti) Yes Table 7.2.17 Transportation means available in the village Sl. No. Type Number 1 Cycles 55 2 Cartload - 3 Motor Cycles 80 4 Car/Jeeps 16 5 Others - Total number of houses: a. Electrified : 400 b. Pucca : 350 c. Kachha : 50 d. WBC (Latrine) Facilities : 200 Recreational facilities available in the village: Items Number 1. Television (B/W) 3 2. Television (Colour) 90 3. Radio 0 4. Cinema 0 5. Nachha Party 0 6. Bhajan Mandali 0 Table 7.2.18 Farm Machinery and Equipments available in the village Sl. No. Machinery/Equipment Number 1 Tractor 12 2 Power Tiller 04 3 Combine 02 4 Mould board plough 01 5 Seed drill 00 6 Thresher 03 7 Sprayer 18 8 Duster 00
94 9 Ridger and leveler 01 10 Sprinkler irrigation sets 00 11 Drip irrigation sets 00 12 Others 00 Table 7.2.19 Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc. Sl. No Type of machinery Repairs in Village Facilities available at nearby village Distance from the village 1 Tractor No Aul 3 kms 2 Electric motor No Aul 3 kms 3 Oil engine No Aul 3 kms 4 Implements No Aul 3 kms Table 7.2.20 Availability of agro-inputs Sl. No. Agro-inputs Available Distance In village At nearest village 1 Implements No Aul 3 kms 2 Seed No Aul 3 kms 3 Fertilizers No Aul 3 kms 4 Insecticides/Fungicides No Aul 3 kms 5 Herbicides No Aul 3 kms Credit Institutions in the village (i) Banks : No (ii) Cooperative Societies : No (iii)Others : No Signature of Village Sarpanch Student’s signature Remarks and signature of the Guide
95 7.3 DATA REGARDING HOST FARMER 7.3.1 Agro-Economic Survey/ Farm Holding details Agro-economic or farm holding survey refers to the collection of data, information related to farm activities through structured questionnaire with the help of a schedule or through below mentioned proforma containing set of questions related to farm activities. The collection of data is to be done through personal interviews of the farm owners using the survey schedule or farm records. The proforma contains details of holding or acreage, crop livestock and other enterprises, farm implements, machinery, irrigation sources, labour use, capital use including loans, cost of cultivation details, yield and income sources, etc. This survey is conducted to familiarize the student with the socio-economic condition of the farmers and farm production activities. Each student will prepare a brief report on various aspects of survey. The details are as follows. Name of Village: Tunga Block : Aul District: Kendrapada Name of the head of the family: Mr. Niranjan Behera Sex : Male Age (Years): 49 Education: Graduate in Economics Address: Village: Tunga Post : Aul Ward :11 Mobile No : +916370588720 7.3.2 Information of the family members including attached labours Table 1 Information of the family members including attached labourers Sl. No. Name Sex Relation Age Education Occupation 1 Niranjan Behera Male Head 49 Graduate Farmer 2 Janaki Behera Female Wife 35 Graduate Homemaker 3 Purnamasyee Behera Female Daughter 23 Graduate Student 4 Monalisha Behera Female Daughter 17 Studying Student 5 Tirthananda Behera Male Son 12 Studying Student 7.3.3 Assets and Liabilities Table Table 1 Land Sl. N o. Khasra No. Irrigated land (ha) Rainfed land (ha) Soil Type Present value (Rs.) Land revenue/ Tax 1 62 1 ha 0.40 Clay soil 120/- 2 106 0.5 ha 0.9 ha Clay soil 120/- Table 2 Source of irrigation Sl. No. Source Number Area irrigated (ha) Kharif Rabi Always 1 Well - - - -
96 2 Canal 01 1 ha 1ha - 3 Tank - - - - 4 Other - - - - Table 3 Building Sl. No. Category Type of Construction Size Present value (Rs.) 1 Residential house Pucca 50 x 45 ft - 2 Farm house - - - 3 Cattle shed kachha 45 x 45 ft - 4 Other - - - Table 4 Livestock status of the farmer Sl. No. Category Breed No. of animals Present value (Rs.) 1 Draft animal - - - 2 Cows Desi 3 3000/- 3 Buffaloes - - - 4 Goat Desi 8 24000/- 5 Poultry - - - Table 5 Organizational participation Sl. No. Organization Member Office Bearer Regular Occasional Never 1 Gram Panchayat No - - ✓ - 2 Zila Panchayat No - - - - 3 Cooperative Society YES - ✓ - - 4 Farmers Club No - - - ✓ 5 Youth Club No - - ✓ - 6 Mahila Mandal No - - - ✓ 7 Other No - - - - Table 6 Implements and Machinery Category Items Number Present Value (Rs) A. Implements Wooden plough - - Iron plough - - MB plough - - Seed drill - - Harrow - - Hoes - - B. Equipments Bullock cart - - Sprayer 01 2300/-
97 Duster - - C. Machinery Tractor - - Electric Motor 03 20000/- Oil engine - - Power Tiller - - Thresher - - Reaper - - Other - - Table 7 Household articles Sl. No. Article Number Present value (Rs.) 1 Bicycle 03 15000/- 2 Motorcycle/Scooter 01 100000/- 3 Car - - 4 Television(B/W/C) - - 5 Radio/DVD player - - 6 Refrigerator 01 16000/- 7 Cooler/Fan - - 8 Steel Almirah - - 9 Washing Machine - - 10 Sofa set - - 11 Gobar gas plant - - Table 8 Annual gross income (Previous year) Sl. No. Source Amount (Rs.) 1 Crops 150000/- 2 Livestock 20000/- 3 Wages - Table 9 Annual family consumption expenditure (Previous year) Sl. No. Head Amount (Rs.) 1 Food 85000/- 2 Housing 12000/- 3 Education 5000/- 4 Clothing 20000/- 5 Health 10000/- 6 Travel 5000/- 7 Recreation 3000/- 8 Gift 3000/- 9 Footwares 1500/- 10 Marriage/ other function 5000/-
98 Table 10 Information about borrowings including old loans (Previous year) Sl. No. Source Amount Borrowe d Purpose/ Date Rate of Interest Repaymen t during the year Outstanding (Rs.) 1 Commercial Bank - - - - - 2 Land Dev. Bank - - - - - 3 Cooperative Bank/ Society 29000/- For Cultivation 01% - 29000/- 4 Private Lender - - - - - 5 Friends/Relatives - - - - - Table 11 Marketing Channels used for selling the produce (last one year) Sl. No. Marketing channels Produce Sold Quantity Sold 1 Village Traders - - 2 Commission agents Rice 40q 3 Cooperative Society - - 4 Whole seller - - 5 Self - - Student’s signature Remarks and signature of the Guide
99 Cost of Cultivation for Rice Farmers Inputs Quantity with Units Cost (Rs) Cost A1 Seed cost 20 Kg Pooja 1250/- Nursery Preparation Levelling & Seed showing (2 labours@ 300 per labour) 600/- Field Preparation Tractor labour Puddling & levelling ( 4 hrs @ 700/- 2800/- Transplanting Rs.300/-@ per labour (20 labour) 6000/- Irrigation 2 irrigation @ Rs.250/ irrigation 6250/- Organic Fertilizer FYM I Tonne @800/ tonne with 5 men labour charges @ 250/- 2050/- Inorganic fertilizer Urea- 120kg , 5.86 @ per kg 703/- Dap- 25 kg, @24 per kg 600/- MOP- 25 kg , 22@ per kg 550/- Labour @4 Rs.300/ labour 1200/- Plant Protection 2 hand weeding@ Rs.600/time 1200/- Insecticide & fungicides Rs. 1500 with@ 2 labour 250/perbabour 2000/- Harvesting Combine harvester 1hr per hr 4000/- Labour -2 300/- per labour 4600/- Miscellaneous charges 1000/- Sub Total ( Working capital) 30,803/- Interest on working Capital @7 % 2156/- Land Revenue 100/- Depreciation on Fixed Capital @ 10% 3305/- Total Cost A1 36,346//- Rent Paid for Leased in Land - Total Cost A2 36346+0 36,346/- Interest on Owned capital assert 1500/- Total Cost B1 36,346+1500/- 37,846/- Rental value of owned land 37,846 / 3 12,615/- Total Cost B2 37,846/- +12,615/- 50461/- family labour 6 Men 3000/- Total cost C1 37846/- + 3000/- 50,461/- Total Cost C2 50461/- +3000/- 53461/- Total Cost C3 53461/- x 1.10 58,807/- Yield ( Q/ha) 50q Output price ( Rs/ q) 2100/ Gross return ( Rs) 150000/- Net Return ( Rs) 91,193 /- Return per rupee 2.55/-
100 Price spread of Rice Particulars Price per Quintal Transportation 20/- Tax 97/- Commission charges 90/- Mandi fees 70/- Loading charges 7/- Unloading charges 5/- Weighing charges 25/- Grading Charges 5/- Cost of bags 90/- Stitching charges 10/- Cleaning charges 5/- Processing charges 150/- Total Cost 574/- Marketing Channel Farmer Consumers Regulated Market Commite Wholeseller Processer Retailer Local Exporters Cooperatives I N T E R M E D I A T E
101 A REPORT ON KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYOGI (KUS) PROGRAMME (2020-2021) IN BLOCK AGRICULTURE OFFICE (AUL, KENDRAPADA) By TAPAN KUMAR BEHERA (Regd. No.: 180804130214) Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Agriculture) Guide: Ms. Kajal Samantara Assistant Professor, Genetics & Plant Breeding Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Alluri Nagar, R. Sitapur, Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha-761221 www.cutm.ac.in October 2021
102 1.INTRODUCTION The Student READY (Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) aims to provide undergraduate students with rural entrepreneurship awareness, practical experience in real-life situations in agriculture and allied enterprises, and personal interaction with various stakeholders by keeping them physically present in rural situations. The programme aims to instil confidence, develop skills, and increase awareness of the farmers' and community's local field conditions. On July 25, 2015, the Honourable Prime Minister of India announced the Student READY programme. The idea is to reorient graduates of agriculture and related fields in order to ensure and ensure employability, as well as to produce entrepreneurs for emerging knowledge-intensive agriculture. The following are the program's three main core principles:- ➢ Education: The students will learn by doing with the farmers in the village and educate them about the advanced technologies in agriculture and allied fields. ➢ Experience: The students will face the real life situation of a farmer, and gain experience about the resource availability and their judicious use for enhancing the production and productivity of entrepreneurs. ➢ Exposure: The student will get better platform to find out the problems in agriculture by exposing themselves to difficult situations, find out best solution to improve the livelihood option by preparing action plans and linking with different service sectors and govt. sponsored scheme.
103 2. KRUSHI UNNAT SAHOJOGI (KUS-2020) The Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production, Govt. of Odisha has launched a new initiative to involve final-year Agriculture/Horticulture undergraduate students in their RAWE programme for the implementation of its flagship schemes and programmes at the grass-roots level by creating awareness campaigns, pest surveillance, conducting training and demonstrations, and registering farmers in various schemes as well as collecting feedback information etc. Objectives For the Department: ➢ To improving the awareness and adoption of key schemes. ➢ To assess the performance of department initiatives. ➢ To identify the gaps in implementation of ongoing programmes. For the students: ➢ To gain practical knowledge of agricultural practices. ➢ To get opportunity to pursue field study in their areas of interest. ➢ To get exposed to different government schemes and programmes. The major area of activities for the Agriculture Development Associates at Block level includes- ➢ Scheme Adoption ➢ Field Assessment ➢ Impact Assessment ➢ Farmer Surveys ➢ Training Sessions At the Block level, a group of 2-3 students will work under the direction of one Block Agriculture Officer. For a period of two months, the students will be assigned to serve as Agril. Development Associates. Each student would receive a monthly stipend of Rs.4,772/- based on his or her attendance of more than 90% and performance level. There is also a cash prize of Rs.1500/- available for the top 4% of students. An app developed by the ADAPT (Analytics and Decision Support for Agril. Policy Transformation) was used to launch an online system for tracking student attendance and submitting reports and returns on a daily
104 basis, as well as online filling out and uploading farmers' information in various formats. Students can download this app to their smartphones and utilise it in the field. Argil's Scheme Officers, Chief District Agriculture Officers, Deans, and Associate Deans Universities and ADAPT team coordinators, led by the Joint Director of Agriculture (PP), will monitor student activities and provide real-time support on a regular basis through WhatsApp groups. Inauguration of the Programme: On July 28th ,2020, the Directorate of Agriculture and Food Production, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar hosted the official inaguration of the Krushi Unnat Sahayogi Program through a virtual platform (Microsoft Team). Dr. Arun Kumar Sahoo, Cabinet Minister of Odisha (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Higher Education) , addressed 383 final year agriculture and horticulture students from various agricultural universities in the state and encouraged them to contribute to the overall development of agriculture and allied sectors as student associates during a two-month internship programme as part of their RAWE activity. On this day, other government officials, vice chancellors, Deans/Directors, and others spoke to the students. (fig- Honorable Minister Dr. Arun Kumar Sahoo addressing)
105 ( Fig- Dr. Anita Patra ,Registrar, CUTM, Odisha addressing) On July 30, 2021, from 10.30 a.m. to 4 p.m., personnel from the Directorate of Agriculture and F.P. conducted an online Orientation training programme to students about various modules/schemes and their expectations. They were told about the stipends, the online attendance system, how to operate the App (Software), the monitoring and assessment process, the weekly announcement of top performers, the attendance statement, and the weekly Activity Schedule, among other things. The details of the programme is as follows. S.L NO TIME SCHEMES/ MODULES NAME OF THE SPEAKER 1 10.30 AM to 10.50 AM Briefing of Ongoing scheme under Crop Demonstration Sri Bhaskar Barik , Addl. Director of Agriculture(Extension) 2 10.50 AM to 11.10 AM KUS App &Agril Extension App KUS Coordinator 3 11.10 AM to 11.30 AM Pest Surveillance ,Input dealer Inspection Smt. Nandini Dalai , ADA(PP) 4 11.30 AM to 11.50 AM E-Pest App Sri NiladriMohanty, Scientist – D ,NIC 5 11.50 PM to 12.10 PM DBT-Need Based Input APP Sri Ashok Ku. Behera , Sr. Technical Director NIC 6 !2.10 PM to 12.30 PM Agro Service Centre ,MKUY Sri Alok Kumar Das E.E
106 7 2.00 PM to 2.20 PM Farm Pond Sri Santosh Ku. Khatua Joint Director Soil Conservation and Watershed Mission 8 2.20 PM to 2.40 PM BTT Meeting Sri Rama Chandra Pattnaik, Director, IMAGE 9 2.40 PM to 3.00 PM Horticulture Ongoing Schemes Sri Naba Kishore Tad Joint Director of Horticulture 10 3.00 PM to 4.00 PM ADAPT Dashboard Dr.Rajesh Das DDA(Coordination)
107 Salient features of the Schemes / Modules Scheme/Module -1 (Pest Surveillance/E-pest Surveillance) Pest surveillance is an important tool towards timely and proper execution and harnessing of Integrated Pest Management. Moreover, by the use of pest surveillance technology, insects and diseases are identified and presence of predators and parasites are counted. As a result of which, pest and diseases are effectively managed through application of eco-friendly integrated pest management system. For quick dissemination of the farmer advisory system to the farmers, e-Pest Surveillance Programme is being implemented from the year 2010. Now, it is being felt that this advisory system is time consuming. Therefore, to make it more effective and farmers’ friendly, Mobile App initiative has been taken up. Scheme/Module -2 (Availability of Fertilizers) From indent (requirement) collection to final sale to farmers , Fertilizers in the state moves through the various phase. This entire movement, from Manufactures to Wholesalers/Dealers is tracked by the mFMS - Fertilizer movement to Dealers Portal and sale by Retailers is captured through PoS Machine. This scheme aims at availability of right type of fertilizer in right quantity at right time. Scheme/Module -3 (Availability of Seeds) Certified seeds are subsidized by direct benefit transfer(DBT) and distributed online to farmers through PACs and dealers .For every farmer, a Farmer ID is generated and registered i online system. The registered farmers then get DBT subsidized seeds from PACs/ Dealers . They have to pay as per the sale rate fixed by State Seed Pricing Committee. Under this it is diagnose whether farmers get required type and required quantity of seeds at DBT subsidized price or not. Flow chart given below. 1 • Indent collected by vaw/ao at gp level 2 • Indent compiled at block level 3 • AAO submits the indent to dao/dda 4 • AAO/ADAat DDAAoffice compiles indent at the district level &sends the consolidated report to DA&FP 5 • Indent is placed to ossc for supply basing on the seed produced as per seed rolling plan
108 Scheme/Module -4 (Availability of Pesticides) Pesticides are the most integral part of Odisha’s Agriculture as it is one of the worst pest-affected states. Therefore, there is a need to survey the farmers on the availability of pesticides with them and on the varieties that they desire. After receipt of Block wise indent of different inputs from the CDAO , the District Manager, OAIC should supply the inputs at block level and manage the distribution work of inputs in cooperation with the concerned Block level Officer. The AAO should maintain the stock of inputs relating to all demonstration programme and supply to the beneficiary farmers / farm women with proper acknowledgement. Scheme/Module -5 (Dakshyata) Dakshyata is an Employee Incentive Program designed under Hon’ble ChiefMinister’s 5Tvision(Technology,Time,Teamwork,Transformation,Transperancy).The program aims to build a robust performance management system for identification and recognition of top performing employees. Dakshyata was rolled out on 18th June 2020; the program has been designed with a consultative approach over last 9 months. Dakshyata is currently being implemented across Agriculture and Horticulture Directorates. While VAW/AO and HEW/HO operate at the Gram Panchayat Level, AAO and AHOs operate at the Block level. Scheme/Module -6 (BALRAM) (Bhoomihina Agriculturist Loan And Resources Augmentation Model) Under ‘Balaram’ scheme, the government has set a target to provide farm loans to 7 lakh landless farmers in the next two years.While the Institute on Management of Agricultural Extension (IMAGE) will coordinate to implement the scheme at the state level, the Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) will coordinate at the district level.It has set aside Rs 1,040 crore for the purpose. In rural and small towns, around 7,000 branches of several banks and Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies will coordinate the implementation.The interest rate and subsidy on the loan amount will be decided as per the guidelines of the State farm loan rules.The scheme comes in collaboration with the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Scheme/Module -7 (Decision Support System & Agri-Extension App.) The Decision Support System is an integrated dashboard which is used by the Department Officials for various administrative and operational purposes. Training Modules on Decision Support System –
109 1. Schemes The objective of the scheme delivery module is to focus on improving the accessibility of schemes such that its benefits reach the right beneficiary at the right time leading to achievement of departmental outcomes. 2. Farmer DB Odisha is a state in which majority of its population is dependent on agriculture for livelihood. It is essential that the state has a transparent view of all farmers of the state including cultivators, labourers and sharecroppers. This is important for various reasons, from streamlining schemes and service delivery to long-term farmers’ welfare, among others. 3. Form Submission Various forms related to schemes and input data are also filled at the block level. These are mainly filled through Data Submission Tab on the Decision Support System. 4. GP Sitting -The initiative required extension workers to sit in the GP office of the assigned GPs once every week on the first working day for two hours so that the farmers of the GPs can visit the GP office and get their queries resolved in discussion with the extension workers. A mobile app called the Agri-Extension app was launched to enable the extension workers to mark their attendance from the GP office when they sit in the office. Agri-Extension App GP officers from all the three directorates can log on to the app and go to farmer section to view their list of pending, approved and rejected profiles. They first verify eligibility of the farmer, if found ineligible, they need to give reason and if eligible other details of farmers are to be updated by them and submitted. The Agri Extension app has the following features: i) Supports both English & Odia language. ii) Location-based attendance submission (with latitude/longitude and images) from the GP office iii) Offline data sync iv) Integration with the Department of Agriculture and Farmers' Empowerment's Twitter and YouTube handle for information dissemination v) Attendance History and performance comparison with fellow extension officers Scheme/Module -8 (Farm Pond) For effective and time bound implementation of different activities undertaken by department of Agriculture and Farmers Empowerment under 5T framework, a task team was constituted on “every willing farmer can have a farm pond (with a target of 5lakh farm ponds in 5 years) and executed by WSHGs"” in the state. Simultaneously, a number of meetings with different stake holders i,e Department of PR & DW, “Mission Shakti . Directorate of Fisheries/Agriculture / Horticulture / Soil Conservation were conducted to formulate the operational guidelines for the purpose.
110 Scheme/Module -9 (Irrigation) Odisha depends largely upon monsoon for its water resources. Southwest monsoon triggers rainfall in the state. About 78% of total annual rainfall occurs during the period from June to September and the balance 22% in the remaining period from October to May. In addition to seasonal availability, the rain fall in the state also shows spatial variation i.e. From about 1200 mm in southern coastal plain to about 1700 mm in northern plateau. The long-term average annual rainfall in the state is of the order of 1452 mm, which corresponds to annual precipitation of about 230.76 billion cubic metres (BCM) of water. Of the total precipitation, a part is lost by evaporation & transpiration, a part goes towards increasing ground water storage and the remaining appears as surface run-off. The ground water reserve and surface run-off constitute the water resources of the state . Scheme/Module -10 (BTT Meeting) BTT Meeting is a forum at the block-level and aims at the convergence of all the directorates concerned with Agriculture in order to report and resolve issues from the field. These meetings happen twice every month – on first and third Saturdays. The overall agenda is set at the State Level and a form is created for recording the responses from each block. The form consists of questions regarding input availability, pest attacks etc.
111 Salient features of other Central & State Govt. sponsored Schemes/Programmes 1.Mukhymantri Krushi Udyig Yojana(Mkuy) In 1996 a new agriculture policy launched -35 CAEs introduced,CL Subsidy@20%- Max Rs.20Lakh.In 2008 the agriculture policy revisited-No.of CAEs-41,CL subsidy@25%- Max Rs.25 lakh.In 2013 state agriculture revisited-No.of CAEs-63,CL subsidy @40- 50%,Max Rs.50lakh.In 2018 MKUY launched under agriculture policy ,No. of CAEs-62,CL subsidy@40-50%,Max CIS-Rs.50 lakh .In 2020 a new agriculture policy launched – SAMRUDHI,No.of CAEs-Except the negative list CI subsidy@40-50%,max CIS-Rs.50 lakh. KEY FEATURES: Launched on 01.06.2018.Online application through user friendly website apicol.nic.in & Mobile app-MKUY.Time bound implementation & administration of incentives.Transparency in implementation :accessibility to all stakeholders.Accountability ensured through direct involvement of line dept.officials. Aims at earning net profit of 2 lakhs per annum.Subsidy @ 40% for general male & 50% for women SC,ST,Agri- graduates.Subsidy capping for some individual enterprise & upper cap of rs.50 Lakh. 2.Krushak Assistance For Livelihood & Income Augmentation (KALIA) The government of Odisha has launched the Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation (KALIA) scheme, which would benefit about 92% of the farmers in the State. The government has earmarked Rs 10,180 Crore for KALIA in 3 years. The scheme will provide financial, livelihood, cultivation support along with insurance support to small, marginal and the landless farmers. Eligibility for KALIA Scheme :All small and marginal farmers along with landless agricultural households, vulnerable agricultural household, landless agricultural labourers and sharecroppers/actual cultivators are eligible under different components of KALIA. Benefits available to cultivators for cultivation under KALIA scheme.Financial aid of Rs.25,000 per farm family over five seasons will be provided to small and marginal farmers so that they can purchase seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and use assistance towards labour. This scheme has come into effect from the ongoing (2018- 19) Rabi season.Financial assistance of Rs 12500/ will be provided to each landless agricultural household for agricultural allied activities such as goat rearing, small layer poultry units, duckery units, fishery kits for fishermen, mushroom cultivation, bee-keeping and so on. Vulnerable cultivators/landless agricultural laborers will get financial assistance of
112 Rs 10,000 per family per year to enable them to take care of their sustenance. The cultivator/landless agricultural laborers who are in old age, having disability/ disease and are vulnerable for any other reason will benefit from the scheme. Five lakh families will be covered every year. Any farmer wanting to get information on KALIA scheme can register for 'KaliaBarta' by giving a missed call to the Telephone No: 08061174222. The farmer will automatically get registered with the Government database. All information about KALIA scheme will also be sent to his phone number through SMS and voice calls from time to time. 3.PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA(PMFBY) The PMFBY was launched by the Centre on April 1, 2016 to help farmers cope with crop losses due to unseasonal and extreme weather. It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme. The Weather-Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) remains in place, though its premium rates have been streamlined with the latest scheme. PMFBY was more farmer-friendly provisions than its predecessors. It reduced the burden of premium on farmers significantly and expanded coverage. It also promoted use of advanced technologies to estimate losses accurately and accelerate payments to farmers. Objectives: ➢ 1.To provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests & diseases. ➢ 2.To stabilise the income of farmers to ensure their continuance in farming. ➢ 3.To encourage farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices. ➢ 4.To ensure flow of credit to the agriculture sector. Farmers to be covered:All farmers growing notified crops in a notified area during the season who have insurable interest in the crop are eligible. Compulsory coverage: The enrolment under the scheme, subject to possession of insurable interest on the cultivation of the notified crop in the notified area, shall be compulsory for following categories of farmers: Farmers in the notified area who possess a Crop Loan account/KCC account (called as Loanee Farmers) to whom credit limit is sanctioned/renewed for the notified crop during the crop season & such other farmers whom the Government may decide to include from time to time.
113 Voluntary coverage: Voluntary coverage may be obtained by all farmers not covered above, including Crop KCC/Crop Loan Account holders whose credit limit is not renewed. 4.PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAI YOJANA-MICRO-IRRIGATION (PMKSY) Government of India introduced Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana in the Year 2015. PMKSY was formulated to expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, to reduce water wastage and to improve water use efficiency in agriculture. PMKSY is creating protective irrigation by harnessing rain water at micro level through Jal Sanchay and Jal Sinchan. PMKSY has been implemented with an outlay of Rs. 50,000 crore in five years (2015 to 2020). In this article we will look at PMKSY in detail. Objectives: ➢ Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of district level and, if required, sub district level water use plans). ➢ Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation (Har Khetko pani). ➢ Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.Improve on - farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and extent. ➢ Enhance the adoption of precision - irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop). ➢ Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices. ➢ Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas using the watershed approach towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and other NRM activities. ➢ Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries. ➢ Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri - urban agriculture.
114 5.SAURA JALANIDHI The need of the project is to augment the existing irrigation facility of the State and cover as much area as possible under privately owned lift irrigation points for assured irrigation and tide over drought situation in these affected districts. The dug well- cum- recharge well will improve the ground water level of the area. Objectives: ➢ The prosperity of the State depends upon effective and optimal utilization of these resources. The main obstacle in the increase of productivity is the lack of irrigation facilities and near total dependence on rain-fed Agriculture. Out of net cultivable area of 63.00 lakhs ha. only 23.93 lakhs ha. and 11.37 lakhs ha in Kharif and Rabi respectively are covered under flow irrigation from major, medium, and minor irrigation projects. ➢ Odisha has vast ground water potential which is available for exploration. So far, about 21% of ground water resources have been tapped for irrigation purpose. Thus, there is scope for further exploration of ground water resources up to 70% of the total recharge per year, which will go a long way in expanding area under irrigated agriculture.By Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, it has been found that 15.42 lakhs ha.mt of net ground water resources are available for utilization in the State which is inclusive of the 21% ground water resources already explored. ➢ Lot of area can be covered under these untapped resources of irrigation by installing Shallow Tube wells, Deep Bore wells.Dug wells are suitable options wherever installation of Bore well or any other type of irrigation structure is not feasible. These dug wells if designed specifically can be beneficial to recharge the ground water while providing irrigation to 0.75 ha. of land. ➢ The objective of the project is to help the farmers creating their own irrigation projects for assured irrigation and also to sell water to nearby farmers while increasing cropping intensity to 300%. Such a project is highly beneficial not only to the farmers but also to the state in expanding area under irrigated agriculture leading to increase in production and productivity. ➢ These projects would reduce farming risk due to drought at any time of the year, by providing assured irrigation. 2 It would also increase food security and farm income particularly for small / marginal (General) and SC, ST farmers.
115 6. SOIL HEALTH CARD Soil health card scheme was initiated by the Prime Minister of India for the welfare of the farmers. The scheme helps farmer to know about the crops that can be planted depending on the soil based on scientific methods. By doing this, the farmers can get maximum yield on harvesting the crops. Under the scheme, based on analysis, the farmers are provided with the soil health card that determines the crops that can be grown in the particular soil and measures to develop the productivity of the crops. Features of the scheme: 1. The scheme intends to cover 14 crore farmers. 2. The scheme is implemented in all parts of the country. 3. The card guides the farmers about the soil and the apt crop that can be cultivated. Benefits: 1. The farmers will be notified about the soil type and they can plant crops accordingly. 2. The authorities provide a report to the farmers once in 3 years after observing the soil regularly. 3. The farmers are also given advice by the experts to improve the productivity of the crops and the necessary methods that have to be practiced in order to implement the changes. 4. The farmers will be informed about the needed nutrients in the soil.
116 Role of Agril. Development Associates in the above Schemes/Prog./Modules Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Pest Surveillance/E-pest Surveillance) 1.To get a GP allocated by the Block Officer. 2. Conduct surveillance on Tuesday and Thursday every week in the GP assigned by AAO block and upload pest incidence data on the App 3. In case of unidentified pest, upload the photo on the App and submit for identification by respective AAOs/PPOs 4. Intimate the AAO and DDA immediately in case of any pest outbreak/emergency situation observed during surveillance 5. Provide recommendation on dosage of pesticides in accordance to the expert committee recommendation 2019-20 in case the incidence of pest/diseases is above ETL level. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Availability of Fertilizers) Through Dealers – 1. Visit the fertiliser dealers in the allocated block every Tuesday. 2. Check if the online inventory has been updated by the dealer. 3. Check if the POS Machine has been upgraded. If not, upgrade the POS Machine. 4. Select the form ‘Fertiliser Survey – Dealers’ on the KUS App and fill the form. Through Farmers – 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the availability of fertilisers from the dealers. 3. Select the form ‘Availability of Fertiliser – Farmers on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Availability of Seeds) 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the availability of seeds from the dealers. 3. Select the form ‘Availability of Seeds– Farmers’ on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Availability of Pesticides) 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the availability of pesticides from the dealers. 3. Select the form ‘Availability of Pesticides – Farmers on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Dakshyata) 1. Visit the block office of the allocated block on first Friday of November and December.
117 2. Interact with the AAO/AHO/ASCO/VAW/HEW/SCEW 3. Select the form ‘Survey on Dakshyata’ on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (BALRAM) 1. Visit the allocated GP every Thursday. 2. Interact with the Krushak Saathis and train them on the implementation of Balaram in the first week. 3. Fill the form ‘Balram Training – Krushak Saathis’ after imparting training. 4. Follow up on the formation of JLG in your allocated GP in the following weeks. 5. Report any issues or queries that are being faced by the Krushak Saathis on the ‘Queries on Balaram – Krushak Saathis’ form on the KUS App Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Decision Support System & Agri-Extension App.) 1. Visit the Block Office every Wednesday and Friday. 2. Interact with the Block officers on Wednesday and Extension Officers on Friday on the usage of DSS Platform and Agri-Extension App. 3. After surveying them, fill the form ‘DSS Survey – Block Officers’ and ‘Survey on Agri Extension App’ on the KUS App in the first week. 4. In the subsequent weeks, train them on the following modules according to the weekly schedule. 5. After imparting training, fill the forms ‘DSS Training – Block Officers’, ‘App Training – Block Officers’ and ‘App Training – GP Officers’. 6. Resolve the queries of officers on a continuous basis and fill the form named ‘Queries on DSS and Agri-Extension App’ on the KUS App for the unresolved queries. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Farm Pond) 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the Farm Pond Scheme. 3. Select the form ‘Survey Farm Pond – Farmer’ and fill the form. 4. Go to the Block Office every Wednesday and interact with the Block Officer. 5. Fill the form ‘Survey Farm Pond – Block Officer’ on the KUS App in the first week. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Irrigation) 1. Go to the Block Office every Wednesday and interact with the Block Officer. 2. Fill the form ‘Survey- Irrigated Area in Block’ on the KUS App in the first week. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (MKUY)
118 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the MKUY Scheme. 3. Fill the form ‘Survey on MKUY’ on the KUS App. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (BTT Meeting) 1. Attend the BTT Meeting on every first and third Saturday. 2. Observe how the meeting is held and the issues that are discussed. 3. After attending the meeting, fill the form ‘BTT Meeting Associate Feedback’ on the KUS App.
119 Activities done under different schemes/modules in the assigned Block/GP/Village(s) etc. 1.Survey of Block Level Officer : Total No. of Office Covered 4 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Officer Surveyed 5 In this secession, I completed activities such as an Agri- extension survey, determining how much irrigated land is present in my block, crop demonstration (Agril) in the BGREI Field, Decision Support System In Agriculture, Crop Demonstration (Horti), ATMA, and Incentive schemes, and paddy line transplanting (LTP). Fig:- Joining in the BAO office Fig:- Survey to VAW Fig:- Surved to AHO Fig:- Surveyed to AAE
120 2.Seed availability assessment Total No. of G.P Covered 18 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Farmer Surveyed 100 Visited to PACS various vendors and retailers and asked in regards to the accessibility of required assortment at the perfect opportunity. Likewise associated with ranchers about the assortment they are utilizing and spread mindfulness about substitute assortments of seeds Fig:- Surveyed in Mahu Gp Fig:- Surveyed in Koilidhia Gp Fig:- Surveyed in Patrapur GP Fig:- Surveyed in Singiri G.P
121 3. Pesticides and fertilizer Dealer Survey Total No. of G.P Covered Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Farmer Surveyed 100 Visited to P.A.C.S various vendors and retailers and asked in regards to the accessibility of required assortment at the perfect opportunity. Likewise associated with ranchers about the assortment they are utilizing and spread mindfulness about substitute assortments of seeds Fig:- Surveyed in different Fertilizer dealer Fig:- Surveyed in different Fertilizer dealer Fig:- Surveyed in PACS Demal Fig:- Surveyed in PACS Dimirpal
122 5. E-Pest Surveillance and farmers survey Total No. of G.P Covered 01 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Farmer Surveyed 01 Studied the field and recognized the illnesses and insect.Filled the structure in E-bother application with the photos of the field and impacted plants.The structure was submitted with the appropriate fungicides and bug sprays suggestion. Fig:- E-Pest Survillance Fig:- E-Pest Survillance Fig:- E-Pest Survillance Fig:- E-Pest Survillance
123 5.Decision Support System and Agri-Extension App. Total No. of G.P Covered 01 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of officer Surveyed 15 Aociated with the block officials and GP officials in regards to utilization of agriextension application and DSS any question and their sugession for development of application.ss Fig- Survey of DSS Fig- Survey of DSS Fig- Survey of DSS Fig- Survey of DSS
124 Other Work done in Kus
125 CONCLUSION I gained much knowledge about farming and farmers by interacting with them.  Less participation of females in the agricultural field. I got much knowledge about Fisheries , Dairy, Protected cultivation of Vegetables, etc. Subsidiary occupations are less investment and more profit things and also we should stop following the same cropping pattern of Wheat-Paddy and should start cultivating some other useful crops .

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RAWEP & KUS REPORT.pdf

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    REPORT ON READYPROGRAMME IN TUNGA VILLAGE AND KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAJOGI, AUL (KENDRAPADA DISTRICT, ODISHA) By Tapan Kumar Behera (Regd. No.:180804130214) Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Agriculture) Guide: Ms. Monalisa Sahoo Assistant Professor, Agronomy Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S.Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Alluri Nagar, R.Sitapur .Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha- 761221 www.cutm.ac.in December 2021
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    REPORT ON READYPROGRAMME IN TUNGA VILLAGE AND KRUSHI UNNAT SAHAYAK, AUL (KENDRAPADA DISTRICT, ODISHA) By Tapan Kumar Behera (Regd. No.:180804130214) Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Agriculture) Guide: Ms. Monalisa Sahoo Assistant Professor, Agronomy Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S.Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Alluri Nagar, R.Sitapur .Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha- 761221 www.cutm.ac.in December 2021
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    ii CERTIFICATE This is tocertify that Mr. Tapan Kumar Behera with the registration number 180804130214 of B. Sc. (Agriculture) has completed the READY Programme in Tunga Village, Kendrapada District, Odisha Guide: Date: Faculty, Field Crop Production Faculty, Horticultural Crop Production Faculty, Agriculture Extension Faculty, Crop Protection (Plant Pathology & Entomology) Faculty, Rural Economics Faculty, Krushi Unnat Sahajogi (Office seal) Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management
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    iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would liketo express my sincere gratitude to my guide Ms. Monalisa Sahoo, Assistant Professor, Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, CUTM, for her support and guidance throughout the READY Programme. I am extremely grateful to my host farmer Mr. Niranjan Behera who gave me the wonderful opportunity to gain practical knowledge and nuances of agriculture. I would like to thank RAWEP Coordinator Dr. Ashok Kumar, Dean (Admin) Dr. S.P Nanda, Dean ( Academic) Dr. Devendra Reeddy Sir for smooth conducting the programme. I am thankful to the SMS of RAWE Programme, for clarifying doubts and asking searching questions that are of practical significance in the field. Signature of the student with date Tapan Kumar Behera
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    v Table of Content Sl. no. TitlePage no. 1 Certificate ii 2 Acknowledgement iv 3 List of Tables vi-viii 4 List of Figures ix-xii 5 Agronomy 3-21 6 Horticulture 22-36 7 Entomology 37-50 8 Plant Pathology 51-68 9 Agricultural Extension 69-87 10 Agricultural Economics 88-100 11 KUS Report 101-125
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    vi List of Tables Chapter Table No. Nameof Table Agronomy 1 Details of cropping scheme of previous year and inputs and output 2 Details of calendar of operations of major field crops 3.1 Cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) @ Area 1 (ha) 4.1 Estimated cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) per hectare 5 Details of cropping scheme of current year 6 Weed survey in crop fields Agronomy Demonstration Horticulture 1 Information on horticultural crops grown 2 Table Information on problems identified on crops 3 Information on System of irrigation 4 Information on problems identified on irrigation 5 Seed type/ planting materials 6 Information on problems identified on seed or planting materials 7 Information on problems identified on seed treatment 8 Information on Field preparation 9 Information on problem identified on field preparation 11 Information on nutrient management 12 Information on problem identified on nutrients management 13 Information on problems identified on weed control 14 Information on Training and Pruning 15 Information on problems identified on Training and Pruning 16 Information on problems identified on use of Growth Regulators 17 Information on problems identified on mulching 18 Information on Plant Protection
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    vii 19 Information onproblems identified in Plant Protection 20 Information on Post-harvest management 21 Information on problems identified in post-harvest management 22 Information on problems identified on market situation 23 Cost of cultivation of (vegetables) Brinjal (Area= 1 hectare) 24 Cost of cultivation of Tomato (Area = 1ha) 25 Overall cost of cultivation (all Horticultural crops) 26 Draw conclusion from cost of cultivation and B:C ratio Horticulture Demonstration Entomology 6 Insect pests observed 7 Damage symptoms observed 8.a Exhibits prepared for information Centre 8.b Charts/posters regarding insect pests prepared for information Centre I Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Rice leaf folder II Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Tomato leaf miner Plant Pathology A Fungal Disease 1 Schedule of monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking remedies 2 Record of disease occurrence per meter row length for foliar disease 3 Record of disease occurrence in 25 square meter crop area (consider only those much plants present under this area) of fruit and vegetable crop plants 4 Record of disease occurrence of cereal crop Rice [Fix the crop area 25 square meter] 5 Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease incidence/damage 6 Seasonal disease incidence (on two agronomical and horticultural crops) Plant Pathology Demonstration Agricultural Extension 10 Income and expenditure of Gram Panchayat:(from 01-04-2021 to 01- 11- 20 7 Extra-curricular activities performed by school
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    viii C CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY 5Staffing pattern of the KVK 6 Subject-wise list of Subject Matter Specialists/ Scientists presently placed 3 Documentation of ITK A ICT MEASURES B UTILISATION PATTERN OF AGRIL. INFORMATION SOURCES (BY VILLAGERS) A DOCUMENTATION OF SHGS B GENDER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE Agricultural Extension Demonstration List of PRA Tools carried out Agricultural Economics 1(a) Classification of families 1(b) Population 1(c) Level of literacy 1(d) Drinking Water Facilities 1(e) Marketing Facilities 1(f) Livestock Population (As per the Gram Panchyat Records) 1(g) Veterinary Aid available for Livestock 1(h) Land utilization pattern 1(i) Structural distribution of land holdings 1(j) Source of irrigation 1(k) Cropping Pattern (Previous year) 1(l) Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technology (Important crops) 1(m) Availability of agricultural labourers 1(n) Agro-Based Industries in the village or nearby area 1(o) Subsidiary Enterprises 1(p) Other village institutions
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    ix 1(q) Transportation meansavailable in the village 1(r) Farm Machinery and Equipments available in the village 1(s) Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc 1(t) Availability of agro-inputs DATA REGARDING HOST FARMER 1 Information of the family members including attached labourers 2(a) Land 2(b) Source of irrigation 2(c) Building 2(d) Livestock status of the farmer 2(e) Organizational participation 2(f) Implements and Machinery 2(g) Household articles 2(h) Annual gross income (Previous year) 2(i) Annual family consumption expenditure (Previous year) 2(j) Information about borrowings including old loans (Previous year) 2(k) Marketing Channels used for selling the produce (last one year)
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    x List of Figures Subject Figure No. Topic Agronomy 1Model of IFS 2 Model of IFS 3 Demonstrating through Model and Poster presentation 4 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer 5 Poster of IFS 6 Leaf folder front side 7 Inner side of leaflet (IFS) 8 Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation 9 Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation-2 10 Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation 11 Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation. 2 12 Poster of Azolla Cultivation 13 Inner page of leaf folder (Azolla Cultivation) 14 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer ( Azolla) 15 News paper Cutting in Sambad Paper 16 “Z” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection 17 “W” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection 18 Demonstrating collection on Soil Sample in “Z” method 19 Demonstrating collection of Soil Sample in “W” method 20 Poster of Soil Testing 21 Front page of Leaflet ( Soil Sample collection) 22 Back page of leaflet ( Soil Sample Collection) 23 Demonstrating about the Seed Treatment with T.V 24 Demonstrating about the benefits of seed treatment
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    xi 25 Seed Treatmentwith Trichoderma 26 List of Micronutrients & biofertilizer 27 Demonstration of safety use of Micronutrients 28 Demonstrating of safety use of Biofertilizer 29 Demonstrating the benefits & application of micronutrients 30 Displaying the Sprayer machine 31 Demonstrating the about sprayer mechanism 32 Demonstrating about the proper Use 33 Displaying the use 34 Distribution of leaflet to the farmers 35 Leaflet of Safety major while spraying 36 List of herbicides demonstrate 37 Demonstrating about Pre emergence systemic Herbicide 38 Demonstrating about Selective systemic herbicide@2,4-D 39 Demonstrating about Systemic selective herbicide@ Tag Super Horticulture 40 Speaking about the Process of Air layering in guava. 41 Removing the upper layer of the plant 42 Inserting the Polythene in the branch 43 Inserting cocopeat and Vermicompost Mixed in the Polythene& threading. 44 After Month Roots Arise 45 Cutting With the help of secateur 46 Cutting With crushed shaped 47 Prepared media with Instruments to be planted in the pot 48 Showing the Roots emergence 49 Planting the layered plant in the pot 50 Poster and layout of kitchen garden
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    xii 51 Demonstrating aboutkitchen garden 52 Kitchen Garden & Adoption of Raise bed 53 Land Preparation for kitchen garden 54 Adoption of natural straw mulching 55 Emergence of seed in kitchen garden 56 Earthing & loosening of soil in chilli 57 Field Preparation 58 Demonstrating the purning in mango 59 Demonstrating pruning in mango in another tree with help of hedgeshear 60 Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with the helf of secateur 61 Poster of Dragon fruit cultivation 62 Demonstrating about Dragon fruit cultivation 63 Pic of the Instruments 64 Demonstrating about the instruments 65 Demonstrating the instruments 66 Showing them the use of hand hoe 67 Installing blue sticky trap in cabbage field 68 Installation of blue sticky trap 69 Collecting data regarding horticulture 70 Natural Mulching 71 Basal dose of fertilizer application followed by ploughing 72 Making of Ridges for cabbage plantation 73 Ridges making by me 74 Secondary Tillage operation followed by boron Application as basal dose 75 Preparation of bonds by me 76 Primary tillage operation done
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    xiii 77 After secondarytillage operation making of ridges by host farmer 78 After secondary tillage operation making of ridges by host farmer 79 Disease &pest incidence in cabbage 80 Observing the pest incidence Entomology 81 Showing the box explaining them about the honey bee 82 Opening the honeybee box with proper safty major 83 Showing the honeybee from brood chamber 84 Removing brood chamber from the box 85 Opening of Honey bee box 86 Showing the honeybee from brood chamber 87 Demonstrating of rope pulling 88 Rope pulling done 89 List of pesticide shown 90 Demonstrating about different pesticides 91 Demonstrating blue sticky trap 92 Understanding them about the uses 93 Installation of blue sticky trap 94 Distribution of Blue sticky trap 95 Demonstration on solar light trap 96 Understanding them about the benefits 97 Poster of Gandhi bugs 98 Gandhi bugs Poster by farmer 99 Understanding them about Gandhi bugs 100 Poster of Gall midge 101 Understanding them about Gall midge 102 Leaflet distribution to the farmer about safety major.
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    xiv 103 Demonstrating aboutsafety major while spraying 104 Pest incidence observation 105 Pest incidence calculation in another block 106 Identifying the pest attack damage symptoms 107 Disease incidence in brinjal 108 Gandhi bug attack in rice 109 White fly attack in rice Plant Pathology 110 Poster of Blast disease of rice 111 Demonstrating blast disease of rice 112 Blast Poster with farmer 113 Demonstrating the effective fungicides 114 Demonstrating about Metalyxil+ mancozeb 115 Poster of Trichoderma 116 Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed treatment 117 Seed treatment of rice with Trichoderma 118 Demonstrating about safety major while spraying 119 Distribution of leaflet about safety major prepared by me. Agricultural Extension 120 With the headmaster of CPBET High School Tunga 121 In the gram panchayat office for collection of data 122 With the nayab sarpanch of the GP 123 In FIAC, BAO, Office 124 Data Collecting from AAO Mam. 125 Making of resource Map 126 Village map making 127 Tansact walk Anganwadi Kendra 128 Transact walk @ Mission shakti
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    xv 129 Transact walk@ Tunga rural park 130 Transact walk@ CPBET High School 131 Social Map making 132 Failure story data collection 133 Visit to KVK 134 Visiting of vermicompost unit with scientist 135 In ornamental fish unit with scientists 136 In Bio-fertilizer unit with KVK scientists 137 In Grape orchards of KVK Kendrapada 138 Dragon fruit in KVK 139 Taking data from BLO @ total voter list 140 Mega Plantation drive On the occasion of World Soil day 150 Plantation of Baula tree 151 IFS Model demonstration of IFS 152 Distribution of Leaf folder on IFS 153 Azolla Cultivation Demonstration through poster presentation 154 Demonstration on light Trap by through demonstration 155 Leaflet distribution on safety major 156 Demonstration of soil sampling through Z model 157 Model of IFS
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    1 1.Introduction 1.1 Rural AgriculturalWork Experience (RAWE) Programme In the perspective of agricultural development, the espousal of practical oriented educational systems plays a crucial role. As noted, and suggested by various academicians, ICAR suggested RAWE programme for the final year students of B.Sc. (Agriculture). This programme helps the students primarily to understand the rural situations, status of agricultural technologies adopted by farmers, prioritize the farmer’s problems and to develop skills and attitude of working with farm families for overall development in rural area. The timings for RAWE can be flexible for specific regions to coincide with the main cropping season. Under RAWE programme, every student is expected to work with farmers at their farms and identify various production, protection and marketing constraints, within the vicinity of Research Station(s) allocated by the University. 1.2 Objectives of RAWE The objectives of RAWE are: 1. To provide opportunity to the students to understand the life situations in the villages, rural institutions, socio-economic conditions and constraints faced by the farming community 2. To get the students familiar with the socio-economic conditions of the farmers and their problems with reference to agricultural development 3. To impart diagnostic and remedial practical training and skills in crop production/horticulture/plant protection through work experience 4. To develop the understanding regarding agricultural technologies being followed by farmers and to prepare alternate farm plans according to the local situation in consultation with the farmers 5. To help the students to acquaint with on-going thrust on rural development and programmes related to Transfer of Technology (ToT) in agriculture and allied aspects 6. To develop the communication skills, confidence and competence among the students to interact with the farmers so as to prepare Project Reports on “Village Development Plan”. 1.3 Principles of RAWE The basic principles of RAWE are: • Grass root level experience • Participatory learning and serving the society • Participatory planning and action 1.4 Expected outcome of RAWE • Grass root level exposure • Personality development • Development of communication skills
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    2 • Inculcation ofthe skill of community management • Problem solving ability • Sensitization on local institutions and field level reality 1.5 Focus Areas • Crop Production : Agronomy and Horticulture • Crop Protection : Entomology and Plant Pathology • Rural area study : Extension Programme • Rural area study : Rural Economics
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    3 2. Agronomy Part-1 (Individualactivities) 2.1. Plot wise history of Host Farmers including Cropping Scheme 1. Name of the Student : Tapan Kumar Behera 2. Registration No :180804130214 3. Two major field crops cultivated in the village : 1) Rice 4. Name of the Host Farmer : Niranjan Behera 5. Name the field crops cultivated by host farmer : Rice If ......No (Refer 5.1 and 5.2) 5.1. Name of another farmer from the village cultivating field crops: 5.2. Name the field crops cultivated: 6. Survey No. - Plot No. 1:Rice 7. Total area under field crops with host farmer (ha.): 3.237 ha (Irrigated/Rainfed) 7.1. Area under crop 1: 3.237 ha, Area irrigated 1.21 ha 7.2. Source of Irrigation: Lift irrigation 8. Soil properties- 8.1. Soil Type : Clay soil 8.2. Soil Texture : 8.3. Soil pH : 5.61 8.4. Soil Organic Carbon (%): 0.66% 8.5. Available nutrients (Kg/ha): N. 0 , P2O5. 3.60 , K2O. 42.60 . 9. Previous Cropping History: 1.1 Kharif : Rice 1.2 Rabi : Black gram 1.3 Zaid : Watermelon 10. Cropping Intensity (%): 175 % & Rotational Intensity (%): ......................... 2.2. Cropping Scheme (Previous Year 2020) Table 2.2.1 Details of cropping scheme of previous year and inputs and output Plot No. Area (ha) Crops & variety Field preparation Manure & fertilizer Irrigation & Plant protection Yield obtain (q/ ha) Value of Produce (Rs/ ha) Cost of cultivation (Rs/ ha) Net Profit ( Rs/ ha) 1 3.237 Paddy variety - swarna sub-1 Ploughing ,Puddling, Levelling & Clearing of Urea - 600kg DAP- 700kg Irrigated through lift irrigation and water 50q/ ha 85,000 35,000/- 50,000/-
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    4 and Pooja bunds ,MOP- 500 kg channel Tricyclazol @0.6gm per Lit 2.3. Calendar of operations (Major Field crops): Table 2.3.1: Details of calendar of operations of major field crops Name of the crop Date & month Name of the operation to be performed Rice 17th June 2021 Nursery preparation and application of FYM 24th June Nursery Showing 5th July Main field Preparation & Basal dose of Fertilizer application 18th -23rd July Transplantation 04th July Post emergence herbicide application 12th Aug 1st Top dressing of urea 25th Aug Spraying of Plant Protection major @ Chlorpyriphos 50% + Cypermethrin 5% 12th Sep Final Top dressing of Urea 26th Sep Spraying of Plant Protection major @ Carbendazim 8th Oct Water drained out 25th Oct Harvesting 2.4. Cost of cultivation per unit area: Table 2.4.1: Cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) @ Area 1 (ha) Date Name of operation Input Used F. Labou rs H. Labo urs Total Labour Costs ( Rs/ ha) Grand Total Name Qty. Valu e M F M F M F M F Machine 17th- 24th June Nursery Preparation FYM 13 T 800/- 1 - 3 - 4 - 160 0/- - - 1600/- Seeds 20Kg 1500/ - 1 - - 2 1 2 400 /- 800 /- 2700/- 05th July Ploughing & Levelling of fields - - - 1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - 2400/- 3200/- 12th July Puddling - - - 1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - 3000/- 3800/- Basal Dose of fertilizer application Urea 60kg 353/- 1 - - - 1 - 400 /- - - 1903/- DAP 25Kg 600/- MOP 25Kg 550/- 18th July Transplantin g - - - 1 - 1 2 14 13 14 520 0/- 560 0/- - 10,800/- 04th July Post Emergence Application of herbicide 2,4-D 3L 900/- 1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - - 1700/-
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    5 12th Aug 1st Top Dressing Urea 30Kg 176/-1 - 1 - 2 - 800 /- - - 976/- 25th Aug Spraying of Plant Protection major Chlorp yriphos 50% + Cyper methrin 5% 1L 550/- 1 - - 1 1 1 400 /- 400 /- 2100/- Carben dazim 50% WP 1Kg 300/- Strept ocyclin e 60gm 500/- 12th Sep Final Top Dressing Urea 30Kg 176/- 1 - - - 1 - 400 /- - - 576/- 26th Sep Spraying of Plant Protection major Tricycl azol 60gm 220/- 1 - - - 1 - 400 /- - - 620/- 15th Oct Harvesting Combi ne Harvest er - - 1 - 2 - 3 - 120 0/- - 4000/- 5200/- 25th Oct Post-harvest Operation - - - - - 5 - 5 - 200 0/- - - 2000/- Daily wage of Male labour : 400 (Rs/ Man day) Daily wage of Female labour: 400 (Rs/ Man day) 2.5. Estimated Cost of cultivation per ha: Table 2.5.1 Estimated cost of cultivation of (Name of the crop Rice) per hectare S.L No. Items Unit Inputs per Unit area Inputs per hectare Total cost per (Rs/ha) 1 Hired male labours Man days 26 26 10,400/- 2 Hired Female labours Man days 17 17 6,800/- 3 Bullocks Hrs - - - 4 Machinery charges 4.1 Tractor with Cultivator Hrs 600/hr 4 hrs 2400/- 4.2 Tractor with rotavator Hrs 1000/hr 3 hrs 3000/- 4.3 Combine Harvester Hrs 2000/hr 2 hrs 4000/- 5 Seed Kg 75/- Per Kg 20 Kg 1500/- 6 Manure Tonnes 61/ Tonnes 13 Tonnes 800/- 7 Fertilizers 7.1 Urea Kg 5.88/- Per Kg 120 Kg 705/-
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    6 7.2 DAP Kg24/- Per Kg 25 Kg 600/- 7.3 MOP Kg 22/- Per Kg 25 Kg 550/- 8 Irrigation Hrs - - - 19. Total cost of cultivation: 42,927/- 20. Yield per ha Grain 50 q/ha Straw 4.5 q/ha 21 Price Grain @ Rs 1950/- per quintal, Straw @ 400 .per quintal. 22 Gross return Rs/ha 99,300/- . 23 Net Profit Rs/ha= 56,373/- . 9 Crop Protection 9.1 Insecticides ml/g 1L 1L- 550/- Chlorpyriphos+ Cypermethrin 9.2 Fungicides ml/g 1Kg 1Kg 300/- Carbendazim Streptocycline 60gm 60gm 500/- Tricyclazole 60gm 60gm 220/- 9.3 Herbicides ml/g 3 L 3L 900/- 2,4-D Nomin Gold 10 Land revenue / Cess & taxes Rs 1000/- 11 Depreciations on implements & farm buildings Rs - - - 12 Expenses on acquisition on inputs & misc. Rs - - - 13 Intrest on working Capitals Per cent - - - 14 Rental value of land Rs - - - 15 Family male labourers Man days 12 12 4,800 /- 16 Family female labourers Man days - - - 17 Total Rs 39,025/- 18 Supervision charges 10% of total cost Rs 39,025/- 10% 3,902/-
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    7 2.6. Cropping Scheme(Current Year Rice ) Table 2.6.1 Details of cropping scheme of current year Plot No- Area (Ha) Crops & Varietie s Field Preparation Manure & Fertilizer Irrigation & Plant Protection Estimate of yield obtained (q/ha) Value of product (Rs/ha) Estimated cost of cultivation (Rs/ha) Net profit (Rs/ha) 1 1 ha Paddy variety - swarna sub-1 and Pooja Ploughing ,Puddling, Levelling & Clearing of bunds Urea - 600kg DAP- 700kg ,MOP- 500 kg Irrigated through lift irrigation and water channel Tricyclazo l @0.6 gm per Lit 50q/ ha 93,300/ - 42,927/- 56,373 2.7. Survey of weeds in crop fields: Table 2.7.1 Weed survey in crop fields. Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Cyperus iria 3 `4 5 2 3 17 Commelina benghalensis 2 3 2 5 4 16 Marsilea quadrifolia 5 3 2 4 5 19 Parthenium hysterophorus 4 3 0 1 0 8 Sub- total 14 13 9 12 12 60 Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Cyperus rotundus 5 3 4 0 6 18 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 6 8 3 5 2 24 Digitaria sanguinalis 3 3 5 1 2 14 Cyperus iria 6 8 3 4 2 23 Sub- total 20 22 15 10 12 79 Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Echinochloa crusgalli 4 3 1 0 1 9 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 5 2 3 4 2 16 Marsilea quadrifolia 6 3 0 3 5 17 Cyperus rotundus 4 3 5 0 1 13 Sub- total 19 11 9 7 9 55
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    8 Species Numbers of weeds Field1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Parthenium hysterophorus 4 1 3 2 1 11 Cyperus kyllingia 5 3 2 1 0 11 Digitaria sanguinalis 6 4 2 0 1 13 Paspalum distichum 3 2 5 1 0 11 Sub- total 18 10 12 4 2 46 Species Numbers of weeds Field 1 Quadrates (1M2 ) 1 2 3 4 5 Total Paspalum distichum 6 3 2 0 0 11 Dactyloctenium aegyptium 4 3 3 1 6 17 Cynodon dactylon 7 5 3 1 3 19 Cyperus eragrostis 1 5 2 0 4 12 Sub- total 18 10 12 4 2 46
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    9 2.8 Weed Gallery Abutilonindicum Achyranthes aspera Acmella uliginosa Alternanthera bettzickiane Astercanthera longifolia Blumea lacera Cardiospermum halicacabum Cleomi viscusa
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    10 Commelina benghalensis Commelinaforskaolii Croton bonplandianum Cynodon dactylon Cyperus eragrostis Cyperus iria Cyperus kyllingia Cyperus rotundus
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    11 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Desmodiumtriflorum Digitaria ciliaris Digitaria sanguinalis Echinochloa crusgalli Eleusine indica Euphorbia hirta Marselia quardifolia
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    12 Parthenium hystophorus Paspalumdistrichum Phyllanthus niruri Sida acuta Sporobolus diander Tidex pocumbes
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    13 2.9 Part -2,Demonstration SL. No Date Name of Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Model of Integrated farming system Exhibition 20 2 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Azolla cultivation Poster Presentation 20 3 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Soil sampling Poster Presentation 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 5 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of micronutrients & Biofertilizer Field Demonstration 10 6 23-11-2021 Suggestion on use of sprayer mechanism Field Demonstration 10 7 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of effective herbicides Field Demonstration 10 2.9.1. Integrated Farming System. Fig-1 Model of IFS Fig-2 Model of IFS Fig-3 Demonstrating through Model and Poster presentation Fig- 4 Distribution of leaf folder to farmer
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    14 2.9.2 Demonstration onAzolla Cultivation. Fig-5- Poster of IFS 6- Leaf folder of IFS front page Fig-7- Leaf folder of IFS Back page Fig-8- Demonstrating through poster on azolla cultivation Fig-9 Demomstrating through poster on azolla cultivation-2 Fig-11- Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation. 2 Fig-10 -Demonstrating the use of azolla in rice cultivation.
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    15 Fig-12- Poster ofAzolla Cultivation Fig-13- Inner page of leaf folder (Azolla Cultivation) Fig- Front page of Leaf folder ( Azolla Cultivation) Fig-12- Leaflet Distribution Fig-15- News paper Cutting in Sambad Paper
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    16 2.9.3. Demonstration onSoil sampling Fig-16- “Z” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection Fig-17- “W” Model & Poster of Soil Sample collection Fig-18- Demonstrating collection on Soil Sample in “Z” method Fig-19- Demonstrating collection of Soil Sample in “W” method Fig- Cleaning the upper surface of soil Fig- - V shaped
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    17 Fig-20- Poster ofSoil Testing Fig-21- Front page of Leaflet ( Soil Sample collection) Fig-22- Back page of leaflet ( Soil Sample Collection
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    18 2.9.4. Demonstration onSeed treatment with Trichoderma viride through display method Fig-23- Demonstrating about the Seed Treatment with T.V Fig-24- Demonstrating about the benefits of seed treatment Fig- 25- Seed Treatment with Trichoderma
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    19 2.9.5. Suggestion useof micronutrients & Biofertilizer through display Fig-26- List of Micronutrients & biofertilizer Fig-27- Demonstration of safety use of Micronutrients Fig-28- Demonstrating of safety use of Biofertilizer 1 Fig-29- Demonstrating the benefits & application of micronutrients
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    20 2.9.6. Suggestion onuse of sprayer mechanisation through display method Fig-35- Leaflet of Safety major while Spraying Fig-31- Demonstrating the about sprayer machanism Fig-34- Distribution of leaflet to the farmers
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    21 2.9.7. Suggestion useof effective herbicides through display method 2.9.8. Other Agronomical Works Fig-36- List of herbicide demonstrate Fig-37- Demonstrating about Pre emergence systemic Herbicide Fig-38- Demonstrating about Selective systmic herbicide@2,4-D Fig-39- Demonstrating about Systemic slelctive herbicide@ Tag Super Fig-40-Weed Population survey Fig-40- Soil health card
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    22 3. Horticulture 1. Nameof the Student : Tapan Kumar Behera 2. Name of Host farmer : Niranjan Behera 3. Name of Village & district : Tunga, Kendrapara 4. Major horticultural crops of the village : Brinjal, Tomato, Mango 5. Land type : Upper land ( ) Medium land(✓) Low land( ) 6. Total area : 3ha 7. Total area under Hort. Crops (in ha) : 2.5 Acer 8. Soil type : Sandy soil ( ) Sandy loam ( ✓) Soil clay soil( ) 9. Crops information : Brinjal, Tomato, Chilli Table 3.1: Information on horticultural crops grown Previous season Present Season Next Season Crop Duration/ DOP Crop Duration/ DOP Crop Duration/ DOP Plot No. 1 Okra June-Aug Brinjal Oct-Feb DOP- 11-10-2021 Tomato May- Sep Plot No. 2 Mango Round the year Banana Year round DOP-09-12-2021 Lemon January *DOP: date of planting in case of perennial plant *Duration e.g., Sept- Apr 3.2. Table Information on problems identified on crops Sl. No. Problems Identified Control measures followed by farmer Recommended Suggestion 1 Pest & Disease Outbreak Chemical Control measures To follow IPDM practice and to grow resistance variety. 2 Low Productivity Nil Suggest them to apply required amount of fertilizer according to soil health card. Use good quality certified seed. 3 Crop loss due to uncertainty of rain. Nil Make proper water drainage system. Suggest them to cultivate in raisebed. 4 Anthracnose cause in chilli due to furrow irrigation Chemical control measures Suggest the to use drip irrigation.
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    23 3.3. Irrigation • Sources: Pond ( ), River(✓ ), Cannel(✓ ), Bore well( ), Deep well( ) • Irrigation area (in ha): 2.5 Acre • Non-irrigated area : Table 3.3.1: Information on System of irrigation System of Irrigation Area ( In ha) Crop Time of Irrigation Number of Irrigation Flood Irrigation 0.5 Brinjal Seed germination Transplanting Seedling phase Vegetative phase Flowering phase Maturity phase 15-20 Ridge and Furrow 0.20 Cabbage & cauliflower Seed germination Transplanting Vegetative phase Curd development 8-10 Ring Basin 0.32 Mango Flowering Fruit set Fruit development 10-12/year Check Basin - - - - Pitcher irrigation - - - - Sprinklers irrigation - - - - Drip Irrigation - - - - Table 3.3.2: Information on problems identified on irrigation Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Uneven monsoon pattern Water channel & Lift irrigation Application of organic matter to improve the water holding capacity. Irrigation can be done in Critical stages. Growing of drought resistance variety. Installing a low cost borewell in the field. To do low-cost rainwater conservation system. Note: Mention problem found regarding irrigation in farmers field and recommendation.
  • 40.
    24 3.4. Seed orplanting materials Table 3.4.1: Seed type/ planting materials Sl No. Crop Variety Seed/ Planting materials ( FS/ CS/ OP/ LOCAL/ Grafted/ Budded/ Cutting/ Tissue Culture etc.) Source of seed ( Govt. Farm/ Private shop/ local farmer/ Own seed ) 1 Brinjal Pusa kranti CS Private Shop 2 Tomato Chiranjeevi CS Private Shop Table 3.4.2: Information on problems identified on seed or planting materials Sl No. Problem Identified farmers' Practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Wilt in Nursery Application Fungicide Suggested them to do seed treatment 2 Attack of ant in the nursery Nil Application of poison bait Application of Gammaxene or chlorpyriphos 3.5. Seed treatment • Seed treatment adopted: Yes ( ✓ ) No ( ) Note: If yes, mention it elaborately along with dosages Table 7: Information on problems identified on seed treatment Sl No. Problem Identified farmers' Practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Lack of knowledge about seed treatment in different chemicals. Nil Take proper training from Agriculture officer or Experts 2 Lack of knowledge about bio control agent Nil Suggest them to use Trichoderma viridea 3.6. Field preparation • Layout and time of planting(month): October • Summer ploughing (month) : No Table 3.6.1: Information on Field preparation System of Planting Crop Spacing Population Square System Brinjal 75 x 75 cm 3,557 Rectangular System Tomato 45 x 50 cm 8,000 Hexagonal System - - - Contour farming - - -
  • 41.
    25 Table 3.6.2: Informationon problem identified on field preparation Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Improper removal of debris from soil which can affect the next season crop. Nil Proper removal of plant debris. 2 High weed Population They followed hand weeding. Suggest them to do summer ploughing to check the weed germination. 3.7. Protected Cultivation • Any protected structure is adopted : Yes ( ) / No ( ✓ ) • Area under protected cultivation (in ha.) : Green house ( ) / poly house( ) • shaded net house ( ) / lath house( ) / polythene tunnel ( ) • Protected cultivation : low cost ( ) / high cost ( ) • Cost of protected structure (Rs.) : • Subsidy provided by Govt. (Rs.) : • Crop taken in pc (season wise) : • Having knowledge on Fertigation : Yes ( ) / No ( ) • Is it profitable??? : • If its yes mention the sum : 3.8. Nutrient management • Soil testing is done? : No If No, then specify the reason : • Green manuring is practiced? : Yes If No, then specify the reason : If yes, the name the green manure crops : Sesbania aculeata Note: (Specify with Scientific names and local names) Local name- Dhania Table 3.8.1. Information on nutrient management Crops FYM (q/ha) Fertilizers( Urea/ DAP/SSP/ MOP/Other s)kg Rate of Applicatio n /ha Time ( ex-25 or 30 DAS/ top dress/ foliar Method of application ( Basal/top dress/ foliar) Cost( Manure= Fertilizer) Brinjal 20 Urea-110kg SSP-313kg MOP-80kg 100:50:50 Urea- 50Kg SSP- 50Kkg MOP- 50kg Basal application Urea-646/- SSP-7,512/ MOP-1760/ FYM-300/-
  • 42.
    26 Tomato 25 Urea-180kg DAP-100kg MOP-60kg 75:100:50 Urea- 60kg SSP-50kg MOP- 30kg Basal application Urea-1058/ SSP-2400/ MOP-1760/ FYM-350/- Table 3.8.2: Information on problem identified on nutrients management Sl. No. Problem Identified farmers' doses to crop Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Excess use of fertilizer In the wish to get more productivity they do. Give the proper dose of fertilizer application. 2 High doses in foliar spray resulting plant burning. - Suggest them to use of proper dose of fertilizer. Use knapsnack sprayer. 3.9. Weed control ➢ Weeds known to farmer (Local name) : Dhub ghasa, Lajakulilata, bisalyakarani ➢ Number of manual weeding done : 5 ➢ Time of weeding : 15 , 45 DAT ➢ Tools used in weeding (if any local tools) : Handhoe ➢ Weedicides used? If yes name the weedicides : No ➢ Doses of weedicides : -- ➢ Purchased from (Govt./Private) : -- Table 3.9.1: Information on problems identified on weed control Sl No. Problem Identified Farmers practices to control weeds Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 More no of weed germination. Traditionally hand weeding followed. To follow summer ploughing. To follow natural or silver mulching. Suggested them to do cover crop as intercropping. 2 High labour cost - Suggest them to use selective systemic herbicide. Table 3.10.1: Information on Training and Pruning Crop Time of Pruning Training & Pruning Method ( Name local method if any) Mango Sep- Oct Young seedling of 1 M height with cut given below ring of buds.
  • 43.
    27 Table 3.10.2: Informationon problems identified on Training and Pruning Sl No. Problem Identified Farmers method following in pruning Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Farmer has no idea about pruning . Not adopted Explained about pruning in mango and also demonstrate light pruning as it was alredy in November. 3.11. Growth Regulator ➢ Having knowledge :No Table 3.11.1: Information on problems identified on use of Growth Regulators Sl No. Problem Identified Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Farmer didn’t know about the growth regulator. Suggested them to use GA as foliar spray in tomato in proper doses & demonstrate him. 3.12. Mulching ➢ Adopted : No Table 3.12.1: Information on problems identified on mulching Sl No. Problem Identified farmers' Practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 No specific idea about mulching. Natural straw mulches Suggested them to use good quality silver mulching as it can killed all the pathogen as well as weed present in soil. Table 3.13.1: Information on Plant Protection Crop Insect Disease Physiological Disorder Management (If local specify any) Brinjal Leucinodes orbonails Ralstonia solanacearum Avoid monocropping Grow registance var. H.vigintiooctopunc tata Cercospora molengenae Pest- Spray quinalphos @0.05% Disease- Spraying 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture Tomato Liriomyza trifolii Septoria lycopersici Pest- Use neem oil, bacillus thurigiensis, Disease- Spary mancozeb Note: Specify with Scientific names
  • 44.
    28 Table 3.13.2: Informationon problems identified in Plant Protection Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 Damaged part of the plant or the diseased plant is not timely rogued out. As a result disease spread to other healthy plants as well - Timely remove the damaged parts and plants. Practise pruning 2 Unaware about IPDM practice - Proper drainage Clean cultivation, collection and burning of disese and dead leaves Crop rotation with non-host crop Practise soil solarization Table 3.14.1: Information on Post-harvest management Crop Maturity Indices Method of harvesting Month of harvesting Yield (q/ ha) Packaging methods Storage methods Processed product Tomato Red colour Hand picking Decmber 10 tonnes Netting bags On the floor Ketchup Table 3.14.2: Information on problems identified in post-harvest management Sl. No. Problem Identified Farmers' practices to control Recommended Suggestion to farmer 1 In storage method On the floor Suggest them to store in clod storage. 3.15. Market Situation • Whether he/she sells own produce in market : No • Distance of nearby vegetable market : 3 km • Number of market/weeks : 2 markets per week • Position of the market : Rural market • Price of commodities are decided by (Local union/RMC/Govt./ as per the demand in market or any other reason, specify) : As per demand in the market • Having knowledge on MSP (Yes/No) : No
  • 45.
    29 Table 3.15.1: Informationon problems identified on market situation Crop name Difficulties faced by farmer during Marketing Recommended Suggestion to farmer based on their shelf-life Brinjal Fluctuation in the price. Sale the product when market price is high. Tomato Found difficulties in transportation To sale in local retailers. Table 3.16: Cost of cultivation of (vegetables) Brinjal (Area= 1 hectare) Expenditure Cost (Rs) 1. Inputs (1ha) A Seed/ Planting materials 5000/- B FYM 700/- C fertilizer (Urea, MOP, DAP) 9000/- D Irrigation (Electric motor, pipe etc) 800/- E PP Chemicals 600/- F Weedicides - G Protected Cultivations - H Others - 2. Ploughing (tractor, Power tillers, Bullocks carts etc.) 1800/- 3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning etc. MD@300/day 1200/- 4. Labour in irrigation (MD@ Rs.350/day) 700/- 5. Harvesting cost (MD@Rs.350/day) 700/- 6.Miscellaneous Total Expenditure 20,500/- *MD = Man days Total yield = 1600 , Selling @ 35/- Gross Income Rs/ha 1st plucking 14,000/- 2nd plucking 17,500/- 3rd plucking 24,500/- Total 56,000/- Net profit = Gross Income - Cost of cultivation 56,000-20,500 = 35,500/- So, the net profit in Cauliflower cultivation is Rs.35,500 in 1ha of land B.C = Gross income / Cost of cultivation 56000/20,500 = 2.8 So, the BC ratio for Brinjal crop is 2.8
  • 46.
    30 Table 3.17. Costof cultivation of Tomato (Area = 1ha) Expenditure Cost (Rs) 1. Inputs (1ha) A Seed/ Planting materials 80000/- B FYM 700/- C fertilizer ( Urea, MOP, DAP) 8500/- D Irrigation ( Electric motor, pipe etc) 800/- E PP Chemicals 500/- F Weedicides - G Protected Cultivations - H Others - 2. Ploughing (tractor, Power tillers, Bullocks carts etc.) 2000/- 3. Weeding, earthing up, training, pruning etc. MD@350/day Man 1750/- 4. Labour in irrigation ( MD@ Rs.350/day) Man 600/- 5. Harvesting cost( MD@Rs.350/day) Man 4200/- 6.Miscellaneous Total Expenditure 99,050/- MD = Man days (Notify whether man or woman) Total yield = 8000 kg Selling @ 80 Rs/kg Gross Income Rs/ha 1st plucking 80,000/- 2nd plucking 240,000/- 3rd plucking 320,000/- Total 640,000/- Net profit = Gross Income - Cost of cultivation 640,000-99,050 = 5,40,950/- So, the net profit in tomato cultivation is Rs 5,40,950 in 1ha of land B.C = Gross income / Cost of cultivation 5,40,950/99,050= 5.46 So, the BC ratio for Tomato crop is 5.46 Table 3.18: Overall cost of cultivation (all Horticultural crops) Total Area (in ha) under horti. Crops 1 ha Total Expenditure (Rs.) 20,500/- Total Income (Rs.) 56,000/- Total Profit ( Rs.) 35,500/- Table 3.19: Draw conclusion from cost of cultivation and B:C ratio Sl. No Crop Conclusion 01 Tomato BC ratio is 5.4 which is quite good 02 Brinjal BC ratio is 2.8 which is good
  • 47.
    31 3.20 Demonstration SL No Date Nameof Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Air layering in guava Field demonstration 05 2 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Kitchen Garden Poster Presentation 15 3 18-11-2021 Demonstration on training Pruning Poster Presentation 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Dragon fruit Cultivation Poster Presentation 10 5 12-02-2021 Demonstration on Showing of different Horticultural instruments through display method Field Demonstration 10 3.20.1. Demonstration on Air layering in Guava: - Fig-41-Speaking about the Process of Airlayering in guava Fig-42-Removing the upper layer of the plant Fig-43-Inserting the Polythene in the bracnch Fig-43-Inserting cocopeat and Vermicompost Mixed in the Polythene & threading.
  • 48.
    32 Fig-44- After MonthRoots Arise Fig-45-Cutting With the help of secature Fig-46-Cutting With crushed shaped Fig-47-Prepared media to be planted in the pot Fig-48- Showing the Roots emergence Fig-49- Planting the layered plant in the pot
  • 49.
    33 3.20.2. Demonstration onKitchen Garden 3.20.3. Demonstration on training Fig-50- Poster and layout of kitchen garden Fig-51- Demonstrating about kitchen garden Fig-52- Kitchen Garden & Adoption of Raisebed Fig-53- Land Preparation for kitchen garden Fig-55- Emmergence of seed in kitchen garden Fig- 55- Emmergence of seed in kitchen garden Fig-56 Earthing & loosening of soil in chilli Fig-57-Field Preparation
  • 50.
    34 Pruning through displaymethod 3.20.4. Demonstration on Dragon fruit Cultivation through poster presentation. Fig-58-Demonstrating the purning in mango Fig- 59-Demonstrating pruning in mango in another tree with help of hedgeshear Fig-60- Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with the helf of secateur Fig-60-Light purning ( Removing disease affected part) with the helf of secateur Fig-61 Poster of dragon fruit Fig-62-Demonstrating about Dragon fruit cultivation
  • 51.
    35 3.20.5. Demonstration onShowing of different Horticultural instruments through display method: - 3.20.6. Other Horticultural Activities: Fig-63- Pic of the Instruments Fig-64- Demonstrating about the instruments Fig-65- Demonstrating about the instruments Fig-66-Showing them the use of hand hoe. Fig-66- Installation of blue sticky trap. Fig-67- Installation of blue sticky trap.
  • 52.
    36 Fig-68- Collection ofdata regarding horticulture. Fig- 69-Secondary Tillage operation followed by boron Application as basal dose Fig-70- After secondary tillage operatipon making of ridges Fig-71-Basal dose of fertilizer application Fig-72- Disease & pest incidence in cabbage Fig-73-Preparation of bonds by me Fig-74-Adoption of natural Mulching Fig-75- Primary tillage operation done
  • 53.
    37 4. Entomology I. Nameof the host farmer : Niranjan Behera II. Name of the village : Tunga III. Name of the crop : Rice a. Variety : Pooja, Swarna sub-1 b. Area (in ha) : 1 ha IV. Previous crop sown : Rice a. Variety : Pooja , Swarna sub-1 b. Area (in ha) : 3.237ha V. Seed treatment : No a. Pesticide used : Chloropyriphos 50% EC + Cypermethrin 5% b. Source(s) : Private shop c. Dosage : 375 ml d. Method of treatment : Foliar spray e. Cost/ha : 4.1 Insect pests observed : Crop Pest Stage of the crop Scientific Name Order Family Rice Rice swarming Caterpillar Tillering Spodoptera Mauritia Lepidoptera Crambidae Rice Leaf folder Tillering Cnaphalocrois medinalis Coleoptera Crambidae Rice hispa Tillering Dicladispa armigera Chrysomelida e Chrysomelida e Tomato Leaf miner Vegetative Liriomyza Bryoniae Diptera Agromyzidae Cabbage Cabbage semi looper 4 leaf stage Tircihoplusia ni Lepidoptera Noctuidae Bittergourd Tobacco caterpiller Vegetative stage Spodoptera litura Lepidoptera Crambidae Brinjal Tobacco caterpiller Flowering stage Spodoptera litura Lepidoptera Crambidae Mango Mealybug Vegetative stage Droscichae mangiferae Hemipteara Monoplelibidae
  • 54.
    38 4.2. Damage symptomsobserved: Crop Pest Scientific Name Nature of damage Control measures adopted Rice Rice swarming Caterpillar Spodoptera mauritia feeding at night on the leaves and defoliates the plants completely Chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5litres/ha or quinalphos 25 EC @2.0 litres/ha Rice Leaf folder Cnaphalocrois medinalis Leaves fold longitudinally. Larva scrape the green tissue of the leaves. In severe cases, field exhibit scorched appearance. Use rope to dislodge the larva. Apply nitrogenous fertilizer judiciously. Release Trichogramma chilonis thrice . Apply Quinalphos 25EC @ 2l / ha. Rice hispa Dicladispa armigera Scraping of the upper surface of the leaf blade leaving only the lower epidermis as white streaks parallel to the midrib. Spraying of Quinalphos 0.05% Tomato Leaf miner Liriomyza bryoniae Tunnelling in the leaves Leaf drop Spray Dimethoate @ 2ml/l water Cabbage Cabbage semi looper Tircihoplusia ni Scrabbing of leaves initially and defoliation. Spray insecticides like malathion 50EC @ 0.1% ha. Bittergourd Tobacco caterpiller Spodoptera litura Irregular holes on leaves initially and later skeletonisation leaving only veins and petioles. Pheromone traps @ 15/ ha to attract male moths Grow castor along border and irrigation channel as trap crop. Brinjal Tobacco caterpiller Spodoptera litura Irregular holes on leaves initially and later skeletonisation leaving only veins and petioles. Pheromone traps (Pherodin SL) @ 15/ ha to attract male moths Mango Mealybug Droscichae mangiferae Presence of pinkish nymphs and adult mealy bugs on leaf A Application of 1.5 per cent chlorpyriphos dust @ 250 g/ tree
  • 55.
    39 4.3. Information onexhibits prepared 4.3.1. Exhibits prepared for information Centre Exhibits Uses Name of pests for which exhibits are prepared Response of the farmers No. of farmers visited Honey bee Suggested to adopt a apiculture in their farm & explained them the benifts of honey in maximizing their yield. Honeybee They were willing to adopt in the field. 25 Rope Rope pulling to dislodge the larva Rice leaf folder They had no knowledge about this practice but are not willing to adopt it 5 Insecticide Effective control of insect pests All major pests Willing to use these chemicals 2 Blue sticky trap Effective control of insect pests All major pests Install these in the fields 2 Light trap C Physical control of insects pests All pests Installation in the fields 2 4.3.2 Charts/posters regarding insect pests prepared for information centre Charts/ Posters Name of pests for which charts/posters are prepared Response of the farmers No. of farmers visited Chart Gundhi Bug Good response and willing to adopt the use of snails to control gundhi bug that we suggested them. 10 Chart Gall midge He seemed to get better idea on the pest as well as its management 10 Chart Safety major while Spraying insecticides Good response and they have got new idea about spraying. 10
  • 56.
    40 4.4 Survey on(Data to be taken from minimum of 10 farmers and derive the conclusions) a. Adoption of recommendation on management practices for insect pests of crops by host farmer: Ans-Mostly relay on chemical management . Some use yellow sticky traps b. Incidence/ occurrence of different insect pests (Specify the insect pests): Ans- Gall midge & Gandhi bug, leaf folder in rice c. Precautions being taken by farmers while incorporating management practices Ans-Some use masks and gloves d. Any cases of poisoning (humans/ animals) being reported in the area while incorporating chemicals: Ans:- Yes , Itching of body I. Constraints/problems faced by the farmers regarding plant protection operations/ application of pesticides/ availability of pesticides and plant protection equipment etc. (Minimum of 5 constraints/problems to be identified from the allocated village): II. Ans- Non availability of proper pesticide, unaware about biologycal control, Non availability of power sprayer etc. III. Critical observations on the plant protection measures adopted by the farmer a. (reasons for not adopting certain recommended practice/new practices adopted): i. The recommended pesticides is not effective against many insects ii. Expensive chemicals had been recommended iii. Not interested in biological control as it is time consuming and they want instant results IV. Identify Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) of farmers (Minimum two to be identified) in reducing the insect pest damage and describe in detail with photos: Ans- Use of cowdung to control root knot nematode V. a .Awareness about Economic Threshold Levels of the pests: No VI. Whether any farmer is following: No VII. Knowledge of farmers about the alternate hosts like presence of weed flora on the occurrence of pests on crops: No 4.5 Observations to be taken in the field, record of data and analysis: 1. Divide the study area (host farmer’s field) into five blocks. 2. For sampling, twenty-five plants (25 hills in case of rice) should be selected randomly from each block from the selected surveyed area. 3. The population of different pests should be assessed by visually observing and counting the infested leaves covering top, middle and bottom canopy and infested hill/tillers on randomly selected plants. • Sucking pests: Observe top, middle and bottom portion of the plant and record the pest population on the leaves and draw the average
  • 57.
    41 • Foliage pests:Record the no. of eggs/larvae per plant or damage fruiting bodies (flowers, pods, capsules, bolls) per plant. • Beneficial insects: Record the number on observational plant. ( 4.5.1) Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Rice leaf folder Block Rice leaf folder Total plants Damage Plants Per cent Damage No of infested leaves/ plant Total no. of leaves/ plant Per cent Incidence 1 25 10 40 3 7 42.8 2 25 12 48 2 8 25 3 25 11 44 3 8 37.5 4 25 9 36 2 5 40 5 25 17 28 3 6 50 (4.5.2) Survey conducted in pest incidence occurrence in Tomato leaf miner. No. of infested leaves/plant/tiller/pod Total No. of leaves/plant/pod assessed 39.06 (Rice Leaf folder), 30.02 (Tomato leaf miner) Block Tomato leaf miner Total plants Damage Plants Per cent Damage No of infested leaves/ plant Total no. of leaves/ plant Per cent Incidence 1 25 10 40 3 15 20 2 25 8 32 4 12 33.3 3 25 7 28 4 16 25 4 25 5 24 3 10 30 5 25 11 44 5 12 41.6 x 100 Pest Incidence % = =
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
    44 4.6 Pest DamagedGallery White fly Guava Tobaco caterpillar in potato Tobaco caterpillar in bittergourd Tobaco cater pillar in brinjal Stem borer rice Swarming Caterpillar in rice Sootymold 2 Rice leaf folder
  • 61.
    45 Rice Hispa Redpumpkin beetle in Cucumber Mealy bug Mango Catterpillar attack in french bean Leafminor bean Gall midge mango Gundhi bug attack in rice Hadda beetle in cucumber
  • 62.
    46 4.7 Demonstration 4.7.1. Exhibitionon Honeybee cultivation Fig-81- Showing the box explaining them about the honey bee Fig-82- Opening the honeybee box with proper safty major Fig-83-Showing the hoeenybee from brood chamber Fig-86- Opening of Honey bee box 3 Fig-84-Removing brood chamber from the box Fig-83-Showing the hoeenybee from brood chamber
  • 63.
    47 4.7.2 Exhibition onrope pulling in Rice to dislodge the larva. 4.7.3 Use of effective pesticide through display method Fig-88- Rope pulling done Fig-89- Rope pulling done Fig-89- List of pesticide shown Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides 4 Fig-90- Demonstrating about different pesticides
  • 64.
    48 4.7.4 Exhibition onBlue Sticky trap: - 4.7.5 Exhibition on Light Trap: - Fig-91- Demostrating blue sticky trap Fig-92- Understainding them about the usees Fig-93- Installation of blue sticky trap Fig-94- Distribution of Blue sticky trap Fig-95- demostration on solar light trap 5 Fig-96- understanding them about the benifts
  • 65.
    49 4.7.6 Demonstration throughposter presentation Gandhibug 4.7.7 Gallmidge 4.7.8 Safety major while Spraying insecticides: - Fig- 97- Poster of gundhi bugs Fig- 99- Understanding them about gundhibugs Fig- 100-Poster of Gall midge Fig- 101- understnding them about Gall midge Fig- 102 Leaflet distribution to the farmer about about safet major. Fig-103-Demonstrating about safety major while spraying.
  • 66.
    50 4.8 Other Entomologicalworks.:- Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- 104-Pest incidence observation Fig-105- Pest incidence calculation in another block Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap Fig- Installation of Blue sticky trap
  • 67.
    51 5. Plant Pathology •Identification of diseases in different crops in host farmer’s field or any fields in village. • Methods of taking observations in field crops/vegetables/fruit/crops regarding disease incidence. • Recording of observations on agronomical/horticultural crops regarding disease incidence. • Calculation of disease incidence in related crop. • Suggestion of control measures to the farmers. • Collection of twenty disease sample for preparation of disease herbarium at the time of final report submission. 5.1 Method of taking observations in the field • Enter into the field of the farmer and divide the field in five blocks. • From each block select randomly five plants per meter row length for observation from each block and have the sample of 25 plants/ field. • Find out any abnormalities in plant like wilting, deformation and a discoloration of leaf/stem/fruit/pod is present or not. • Make sure that it occurred due to disease or any nutritional deficiency or pest attack. • Make sure that which type of disease is it and take the sample to lab, verify it. 5.1.1 Fungal Disease: Sl. No. Name of the Disease Example of crop affected Identifying characters Put your, self captured infected crop plant photographs 1 Mildew (Downy mildew, powdery mildew) Cucurbits, crucifer, maize, sunflower White grey, brownish or purplish growth on the host surface 2 Rust Maize, sunflower Red, brown, yellow or black colour rusty symptom appears on the leaf and stem 3 Smut Maize The affected plant converted to black dusty spore mass. It infects leaf, stem and roots.
  • 68.
    52 4 White blisterCrucifer White blister like pustules 5 Necrotic symptom/spot Leaf Tissue become dead at the point of infection and generally surrounded by yellow halo. 6 Streak or stripe Leaf and stem The stripe appear as elongated line and initially yellow in colour later turn brown 7 Blight Leaf, blooms and twigs Sudden death of leaves, twig occurs and dead organ changed to brown or black 8 Damping off Seedling generally affected Near the soil line the stem affected with rotten symptoms and finally whole shoot system collapse 9 Rot Fruit, stem and root The affected tissue die decomposed to a great extent and turn brown 10 Anthracnose Fruit, pod and stem Ulcer like lesion on fruits and pods 11 Wilt Whole shoot system, found in Solanaceous plants A flaccid or drooping condition of leaves, shoots or other parts is usually due to a diseased vascular system which ultimately resulted with mortality of the plant 12 Die-back Twigs or branches A symptoms resulting from the dying of twigs or branches from the tip towards the base.
  • 69.
    53 5.1.2 Bacterial disease:Bacterial disease can easily identify (those who are not showing any symptoms specifically bacterial wilt) in the field as well as lab condition through Ooze test. Ooze test – In this technique, stem portion of suspected plant samples cuts obliquely by a fine knife. Then the cutted stem placed into a test tube (takes half of its volume with sterile distilled water/normal water) and observed very closely. If small droplet of Ooze or viscous fluidal material comes out from the cutted stem to the water, then we can say plant sample is infected with bacterial disease. This is one types of rapid confirmatory test without lab trial. 5.1.3 Viral disease: Yellowing, curling of leaf, stunting of plant etc. 5.1.4 Phytoplasma disease: Little leaf of brinjal, Sesamum phyllody • Methods of observation will slightly change from crop to crop. However, to get the correct information enquire from your subject teacher (Pathologist) for recording observations. 5.2 Schedule on monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking their remedies Name of the Student :- Tapan Kumar Behera Date :- To monitor the crops for disease occurrence, each student should pay constant visit to the cropped area and look for any unnatural growth and occurrence. Take samples to Department of Agricultural Entomology, Plant Pathology and Physiology to identify the maladies if noticed or may be with the teacher Get the remedies and make record. Exercise • Document the problems that you have identified and the remedies given by the experts below in the table. • Make regular record of observation during the entire course of time and draw conclusion. Table 5.2.1 Schedule of monitoring the crops for disease occurrences and seeking remedies Crop Disease Stage with date of observation Remedy given by experts Rice Brown Spot Vegetative stage Date-04/11/2021 Application of mancozeb and metalaxil in 1lit of water . Leaf Blast Vegetative stage Date-15/11/2021 Split nitrogen fertilizer application in two or more treatments. Excessive use of fertilizer can increase blast intensity. Apply Triazoles
  • 70.
    54 False Smut Early floweringstage Date-16/11/2021 To grow registance var. Use Bavistin @ 0.1% Greengram Cercospora leaf spot Flowering stage Date-11/12/2021 Spraying carbendazim@0.2% Greengram Microphomina blight Flowering Stage Date- 11/12/2021 Bittergourd Powdery Mildew Vegetative stage Date- 01/12/2021 Spraying of carbendazim@0.1% Cowpea Angular leaf spot 4 Leaf satge Date- 01/12/2021 Conclusion : To reduced disease incidence go for early management. 5.3 Crop Disease Status and Damage in the Field of Host Farmers. Name of Students : Tapan Kumar Behera Name of Village : Tunga Host Farmer : Niranjan Behera Name of the Crop : Rice Variety : Swarna Sub- 1 Area : 1 ha Date of Sowing : 27th June 2021 Stage of the Crop : Panicle initiation Objectives: ❖ To know the status of disease incidence on the cultivated crop. ❖ Students will be able to correlate the present disease incidence status with the ETL levels of the disease incidence. ❖ On the basis of observation and available ETL level, the control measures to be adopted by the farmer, it should be suggested by the student to the host farmer. Table 5.3.1 Record of disease occurrence per meter row length for foliar disease Block Plant Total no. of leaves present No. of leaves affected ( Brown Spot) Percentage of disease incidence Top Middle Lower 1 1 12 02 02 01 41.66% 2 15 03 01 06 66.66% 3 08 01 01 04 75% 4 14 06 01 02 64.28% 5 11 04 03 01 72.72% 2 1 16 03 01 03 43.75 2 12 05 02 03 83.33 3 14 04 01 02 50% 4 13 05 03 01 69.23% 5 15 04 03 01 53.33%
  • 71.
    55 Similarly, record ofobservations should be prepared to other types of disease. Conclusions: The above observation is done in paddy field for incidence of Blast disease of rice, where I took 10 block of 1 square meter area. it can be concluded that percentage of disease incidence is above ETL level. 5.4 Disease incidence: The formulae used for determining the disease and pest incidence are: Disease Incidence % = no. of affected leaf/plant/tiller/pod Total no. of leaf/plant/pod assessed x 100 If the percentage of disease incidence is above 50% i.e. near equal to Economic threshold level (ETL) then control measure is recommended to farmer. Seasonal Incidence % = Total no. of leaf affected/hill or plant Total no. of leaf present/hill or plant x 100 5.4.1 Crop disease status and damage in the fields of host farmers Table 5.4.1.1 Record of disease occurrence in 25 square meter crop area (consider only those much plants present under this area) of fruit and vegetable crop plants Block Observation Fruit Disease A [Sigatoka leaf spot of Banana] Vegetable disease B [Brinjal Alternaria leaf spot] Total Damage plants Percent Damage Total Damage plants Percent Damage 1 1 16 6 37.5% 55 21 38.58% 2 17 5 29.41% 60 29 44.61% 3 23 7 30.43 52 22 42.30% 4 15 5 33.33% 65 29 44.61% 5 19 5 21.05 58 26 44.28% Total 90 28 31.11 290 120 41.37 % Average 18 5.6 30.34 58 24 41.39% 2 1 23 8 34.78 58 20 34.58% 2 24 11 52.38 54 25 46.29% 3 27 13 48.18 60 25 41.66% 4 21 11 52.38 51 20 39.21% 5 23 10 43.47 63 25 39.21% Total 118 53 44.91 51 20 39.21% Average 23.6 10.6 53.90 57.2 23 401.28%
  • 72.
    56 Table 5.4.1.2 Recordof disease occurrence of cereal crop Rice [Leaf blast] Block Observation/Plants Total no. of tiller present per hill Total no. Of affected tiller per hill Percent Disease incidence 1 1 11 03 27.27% 2 09 03 33.33% 3 11 04 36.36% 4 08 03 37.5% 5 09 02 22.22% 2 1 13 4 30.76% 2 09 03 33.33% 3 11 04 36.36% 4 13 03 23.07% 5 09 02 22.22% 3 1 09 01 11.11% 2 07 01 14.28% 3 08 03 37.5% 4 08 01 12.5% 5 07 02 28.57% Percent Disease Incidence = 27.09% 5.5 Control measures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease damage. 1. Name of students : Tapan Kumar Behera 2. Name of farmer : Niranjan Behera 3. Name of Crop/Variety: Swarna sub- 1 4. Date of Sowing : 27th June 2021
  • 73.
    57 Table 5.5.1 Controlmeasures suggested to host farmers on the basis of disease incidence/damage Control measures Suggested control measures Adapted/not adopted by the farmers along with the Reasons Cultural control Deep summer ploughing Clean cultivation field fertile Yes the farmer has adopted to make the Field fertile. Physical control Exposure of seeds to sunlight and soaking with water before sowing Yes the farmer has adopted this for better germination rate. Chemical Seed treatment and spraying of fungicides . Seed treatment with Thiram and Captan Biological Release of larval parasitoids to control vectors causing disease No, the farmer dint follow this method as they could not find any source of their availability and the it is also difficult to manage them IDM Suggested to follow cultural method first followed by physical,mechanical, biological and chemical method at last They are not following as they were unaware about this. 5.6 Information on IDM to be collected in the form of questionnaire from the host farmer Name of Students : Tapan Kumar Behera Name of the Farmer : Prasanna Panda Name of Crop/variety : Rice (Pooja) Date of Sowing : 27th June 1. What is IDM ? Ans- yes 2. Do you know the components of IDM ? Ans- No 3. Which fungicides/bactericide is purchased by farmer ? Ans- Carbendazim 4. Who suggested them to use in the crop ? Ans- Himself only 5. Source of purchase of fungicides/bactericide ? Ans- Private shop 6. How you decide the quantity of fungicides/bactericide to be purchased ? Ans- From AAO. 7. How you prepare the solution ?
  • 74.
    58 Ans- Mixing withwater. 8. Dou you use measuring cylinder, weighing balance for correct measurement of pesticide ? Ans-No 9. How you spray the fungicides/bactericides ? 10. Ans- With the help of sprayer. 11. Whether the pesticide is applied alone or in combination ? Ans- No, alone 12. Whether you know the dose of fungicides/bactericide, do you calculate the dose of fungicides/bactericide? Ans- No 13. Time and dose of application of fungicides/bactericide ? Ans- In the morning. 14. Whether pesticides are applied as preventive or curative measures ? Ans- N0 15. Do you know the precautionary measures to avoid poisoning ? Ans- Yes 16. Do you follow other methods of disease control ? Ans- Before 5-10 years ago. 17. Are the RAEO, extension workers/KVK's are guiding you in disease management ? Ans- Yes 18. Are the RAEO/Scientists pay visit your village/fields ? Ans- Yes 19. Do they advise IDM tactics for disease management ? Ans- Yes 20. Do you follow the advice given on TV/Radio in krishi Darshan regarding IDM ? Ans- Sometimes. 21. Do you feel any difficulties while performing disease management in the field ? Ans- Yes
  • 75.
    59 Table 5.7 Seasonaldisease incidence (on two agronomical and horticultural crops) Date of sowing Name of Disease Damaging stage of Disease Plant Parts affected Status of the disease (Percent damage) Control measures undertaken Biocontrol agent, if anything they have applied/you suggested Low <10% Mediu m 10- 30% High >30% 27th June Blast of rice Vegetativ e Leaves Medium Tricylazol @ 6gm/ha No Brown spot of rice Vegetativ e Leaves Low Hexaconazo l@2ml/lit No Fruit rot of brinjal Fruiting Fruit High Carbendazi m No Powdery mildew in bittergour d Fruiting Leaf High Carbendazi m No Signature of Students Signature of Teacher
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78.
    62 5.8 Diesease Gallery Yellowmosaic virus in mung Fusarium wilt in Bittergourd Early leaf spot tomato Yellow mv bittergourd Powdery mildew in bittergourd Microphomina blight blackgram Sepatorial leaf spot Sheath blight in rice
  • 79.
    63 leaf blast ofrice Ginger bacterial wilt False smut of rice Early leaf spot tomato Colocassia leaf blight of colosaccia Citrus cancer Cercospora leaf spot of Chilli Cercospora leaf spot Blackgram
  • 80.
    64 Brown spot inRice Black rot cabbage Angular leaf spot bean Ginger bacterial wilt Bacterial wilt in Tomato Bacterial leaf streak of Rice Antharnose of Green gram Bacterial wilt in brinjal
  • 81.
    65 5.9 Demonstration SL No Date Nameof Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Blast disease of rice Poster Presentation 05 2 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Sheath Blight of rice Poster Presentation 15 3 18-11-2021 Recommendation use on use of some effective fungicides & bactericides through display method. Field Demonstration 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 5 12-02-2021 Safety major while Spraying Fungicides. Field Demonstration 10 5.9.1 Demonstration on Blast disease of rice Fig-110- poster of Blast disease of rice Fig-111- Demonstrating blast disease of rice Fig-112- Blast Poster with farmer
  • 82.
    66 5.9.2 Demonstration onSheath Blight of rice Fig-113- Sheath blight Poster with farmer 5.9.3 Recommendation use on use of some effective fungicides & bactericides through display method. Fig-112- Blast Poster with farmer Fig- 113 Lists of Fungicides Fig-114- Farmers with Fungicides .
  • 83.
    67 5.9.4 Demonstration onTrichoderma viride Fig- Demonstrating about the Fungicides Fig-114- Demonstrating about Metalyxil+ mancozeb Fig- 115- Poster of Trichoderma viride Fig- 116-Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed traetment Fig- 116-Demonstrating about Trichoderma seed traetment Fig-117- Seed treatment of rice with Trichoderma
  • 84.
    68 5.9.5 Safety majorwhile Spraying Fungicides. Fig-118- Demonstrating about safety major while spraying Fig-119-Distributon of leaflet about safety major prepared by me. Fig-Demonstrating about safety major while spraying Fig-Demonstrating about safety major while spraying
  • 85.
    69 6 . AgriculturalExtension 6.1 Making a map of allotted village
  • 86.
    70 6.2 Study ofRural Institutions 6.2.1 GRAM PANCHAYAT 1. Name of the Gram Sabha : Tunga Gram sabha 2. Head Officer of Gram Panchayat : Smt Sandhyarani Behera 3. Names of the villages falling under it: 4 Villages (a) Tunga (b) Nuakula (c) Baulajodi (d) Endol 4. Population : 7515 5. Number of Voter : 5423 6. Number of members of the Gram Panchayat: (a) Elected 9 (b) Nominated 4 (c) Total 13 7. Name of the Gram Pradhan : Mr. Narayan Sahoo 8. Name of the Panchayat Secretary : Mr. Natabar Malick 9. Number of meetings held in previous year : 4 10. Income and expenditure of Gram Panchayat: (from 01-04-2021 to 01-11- 20 Income Expenditure Head of sources Amount Head of Expenditure Amount 1. Govt. grant 2. Taxes, rate, and fees (a) Tax (i) Revenue/Lagaan (ii) Animals and vehicles (iii) Buildings (b) Water supply rates (c) Fees (i) Trade and commerce (ii) Sale price in market (iii) Classification of the animal sold (iv) Others 3. Education, medical and public health 4. Receipts (a) Fairs, exhibitions and markets (b) Rend of buildings and land (c) Sale amount, premium of buildings and land 45,25742/- Development Works By sarpanch Name of Block: Aul Distance from village: 3 Km Name of District : Kendrapada Distance from Village: 41Km Name of MLA : Mr. Pratap Keshari Dev. Name of AAO : Ms. Scucheta Patra
  • 87.
    71 6.2.2 VILLAGE SCHOOL 1.Name of the School : C.P.B.E.T High School, Tunga . 2. Name of Village & Gram Panchayat where school is situated : Tunga 3. Name of Head Master : 4. Name of Sikhya Mitra: 5. Number of teachers: Male: 7 Female: 0 Total: 7 6. Facilities available at School: (Select…………..poor/good) a. Facilities regarding hygiene : Good b. Facilities regarding medical care : Poor c. Facilities of game & sports : Good d. Facilities for adult education : Poor e. Others ; Good 7. Area under School (m2); i. Constructed : 4000 M2 ii. Lawn : 2000 M2 iii. Playground : Not available iv. Others : 2000 M2 VI. Extra-curricular activities performed by school Activities P. T. Drill Games Sports Cultural activities Creativ e works Communi ty works Other s Yes/No (response) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No 6.2.2 COPERATIVE SOCIETY Sl. No. Names of Societies No. of members Name of Head Activity 1 Cuttack Central Cooperative Bank Limited. 3000 Mr. Tapas Prased Singh Encouraging Agriculture and Allied activities, Self-help and mutual aid among the members of the Bank as well as Primary Agricultural Coop. Societies those are affiliated to the Bank. 2 Demal PACS 2350 Mr. Satyaranjan Mallick Paddy Procurement. Gives loan to farmer . Suggestions for the betterment: - To engage more no of farmer so that farmer community will encourage for agriculture and allied activities.
  • 88.
    72 6.3. Visit toGovt. Offices 6.3.1 KRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA 1. Name of the KVK : Krusi Vigyan Kendra , Kendrapada 2. Distance from the head quarter : 3 kms 3. Year of establishment : 1994 4. Name of the project Co-ordinator/ KVK Head/ Sr. Scientist : Dr. Surya Narayan Mishra 5. Staffing pattern of the KVK : SSH SCIENTISTS P.A F.M ADMIN. TOTAL Sanc. Post 01 06 02 01 04 14 Filled Post 01 04 02 01 04 12 6. Subject-wise list of Subject Matter Specialists/ Scientists presently placed Sl. No. Subject Scientist(s) 01 Plant Protection Dr. Surya Narayan Mishra 02 Home Science Dr. Namita Mohapatra 03 Agronomy Mr. Tapas Kumar Sahoo 04 Horticulture Mr. Prabhanjan Mishra 05 Soil Science Mr. Pravat Kumar Sahoo 06 Fishery Mr. Manas Ranjan Behera 7. Activities (on campus) a. Conducting training programme in different discipline. b. Demonstration on different components like mushroom, vermicompost, IFS, Activities (off campus) a. Front line demonstration b. On farm testing. c. Field day d. Field training. 6.3.2 ASSISTANT AGRICULTURE OFFICER’S OFFICE 1. Placed at: Block: Aul Tehsil: Aul Dist.: Kendarapada 2. Distance from the head quarter: 40 kms 3. Year of establishment: 1987 4. Name of the AAO: Ms. Sucheta Patra 5. Collection of data Total cultivated area : 10228 ha
  • 89.
    73 Total irrigated area: 6200 ha No of farmers in the block : 16000 No of farmers in the village : 300 Marginal :….. Small :…… Medium:……….. Large:……… Total:…… 6.4 Documentation of ITK Sl. No Particulars of name of practice Purpose Method of applicati on Time of application & Dosage Rationa le behind ITK Extent of adoption (poor/good ) Constra ints in adoptio n Opinion of farmers 1 Preparation of a paste from leaves of Prasaruni tree (local name) Digestiv e Problem Drinking with applicatio n of some water To digest undigested foods Good Time consumi ng It provides best result than medicin es 2 Raw Papaya Rodenti cide 1 raw papaya/ burrow Sticky and damages the mouth of the Good Some rodent won’t at all consum e papaya Effectiv e and still uses this practice. 3 Preparation of a pest from leaves of Neem& Arakha ( Local name) Pesticid e Spraying 10ml/ l of water It contains insectici dal property . Poor Time consumi ng Time consumi ng and laboriou s 6.5 Scenario of agri information by farmers 6.5.1. ICT MEASURES Sl. No. Major Social media and Mobile Reachability (People use) No. Percentage against total population of village or tele density (%) 1 Facebook 2500 33.26% 2 Youtube 2700 35.92% 3 Google 3000 39.92% 4 Linkedin 60 0.79% 5 Twitter 300 3.99% 6 Whatsapp 4000 53.22 7 Blogs 0 0 8 ResearchGate 100 1.33% 9 Mobile 6000 79.84%
  • 90.
    74 6.5.2 UTILISATION PATTERNOF AGRIL. INFORMATION SOURCES (BY VILLAGERS) Sl. No Sources of Information Unknown about source of Informatio n Respondents known about source of information Not utilized source of Info. Utilized Source of Info. Extant of contact per year f % f % Occasio nally (1- 5 times) Frequen tly (6-0 times) More frequent ly (>11 times) Pooled f % 1 SAUs/ICAR institutes - - - - - - - - - 2 KVK 180 60 95 31.6 5 10 10 25 8.3 3 State Agril Dept.s 20 6.6 80 26.6 50 70 80 200 66.6 4 Agril related TV channel 50 16.6 100 33.3 45 65 50 160 53.3 5 Radio programme related to agril. 40 13.3 50 16.6 90 50 70 210 70 6 Newspaper/Agril. Magazines 50 16.6 100 33.3 50 45 55 150 50 7 Input dealers services 20 6.6 45 15 100 60 75 235 78.3 8 Mobile and Internet 20 6.6 30 10 120 75 55 250 83.3 9 Kisan Call Center 45 15 55 18.3 20 60 120 200 66.6 10 Farmers school/ Farmers Organization 200 66 20 6.6 40 25 15 80 26.6 11 Friends/relatives/neig hbors etc. 90 30 40 13.3 90 50 30 170 56.6 12 Co-operative societies - - 50 16 55 95 100 250 83.3 Avg. (%)
  • 91.
    75 6.6 Documentation regardingcommunity participation 6.6.1 DOCUMENTATION OF SHGS Sl. No. Name of SHG No. of members Name of Head Annual Budget Annual Profit (per person) 1 BABA BILESWARA 20 MINATI BARIK 100000/- 15000/- 2 BABAMANI 10 MANJULATA DAS 80000/- 10000/- 3 BALUNKESWAR SHG 13 HARBATI SWAIN 120000 18000/- 4 GOPABANDHU SHG 10 PRAVATI BEHERA 100000/- 16000/- 5 GUPTESWAR SHG 12 RUKUMANI DAS 75000/- 12000/- 6.6.2 GENDER PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURE Major crops (Min. 3 crops) No. of male No. of female Total Male/ Female ratio Rice 400 150 550 8:3 Tomato 250 100 350 5:2 Greengram 350 100 450 6:2 6.7 Documentation of a Success/ Failure Story (Attachment with photo) An example of overcoming adversity of an Organic cauliflower cultiver named Baina Barik He came to be aware of the interest of Organic creates and chose to deliver natural cauliflower in the extended time of 2017. He talked with the AAO and found that there was a plan through which the Govt. Gave appropriation of 30% for the oraganic production till the are confirmed as an unadulterated natural producer. He then, at that point, begin with his 1 ha of land for natural cauliflower. At first he bears some degree of misfortunes and starets losing trust, however the AAO empowers him and caused him to comprehend about the system of getting ensured and gave him example of a fruitful natural cultivator in the close by block i.e Aul . He kept developing and in the time of 2019 he got authentication of natural cultiver. Presently his produce of natural cauliflower is having popularity and it is sent out to practically all the closest distict of the state.Now he began developing natural tomato. He is especially grateful to the AAO for his prosperity.
  • 92.
    76 6.8 STUDENTS PARTICIPATIONIN RURAL SOCIAL WORK Name, place, date of the social work: C.P.B.E.T High School.Tunga Time of task : Afternoon Purpose of work : To spread awareness among students on world soil day. Level of contribution : Plantation Nature of Contribution : Sishu & Baula Tree. Opinion of villagers regarding contribution: Happy & motivated No. of villagers (and no. of rural youths) motivated through the work :15 Questionnaire (after translation in local language) 1. Do you have any pond (water body)? Yes/ No : Yes 2. If yes then : 3. Area of pond and no : 600m2 4. Utilization of pond : Fishery a. Fishery : b. Irrigation : c. If fishery, type of fish species : Grasscoper, Rupchandi 5. Production (species wise) : Grasscoper, Rupchandi 6. Net income :80000/- 7. Maintenance of water body :12000/- 8. If irrigation, then area of land irrigated : no 9. Depth of water(in ft.) throughout the year in ponds :10- 15 ft J- F- M- A- MA- J- JU- A- S- O- N- D 10. Health hazards of women associated with chullah :Yes 11. Role of women in agricultural operation (land preparation to harvesting/ processing): Harvesting 12. Wage rate for male and female per day : Both male & female 400/- 13. Job availability of men and women throughout the year and wages: 14. Type of diseases generally peoples are suffering from: Viral 15. Causes /sources of diseases : 16. Health /Medical facilities available in the village : No 17. Do you use Kisan Call Centre no. (1800-180-1551) for any assistance ever? Yes/No: If yes: Yes 18. What type of assistance you have received : Disease management 19. Education standard (in %) : 75% 20. Dropout rates- Boys/ Girls (class-wise dropouts): B-20 G-32
  • 93.
    77 21. Reasons ofdropouts : Family responsibility 22. Mid-day meal programme is in operation in schools : yes ( Not now due to Covid-19) If yes: Rice, Egg, Soyabean, Dal 23. What are the reasons of dropout : did not have interest : 24. Pucca house: 260 Kuccha house:20 Mixed house: 20 No shelter (house):0 25. Literacy rate : 75% 26. Sources of income : Agriculture & private business 27. Land holding (in Acre) : 3-4acre 28. Types of land (in Acre) : a. High :02 acre b. Medium : 01acre c. Low : 01Acre 29. Land utilization pattern- Topography wise : 4acre 30. Economic status of the people (in %) : a. Rich :10% b. Medium :80% c. Poor :10% 31. Do you add value of any agricultural produce? Yes /No: No If yes: 32. Mention the procedure and economics : 33. Is there any SHG (Self-Help Group)? Yes/No : Yes 34. Name(s) of the group(s) : Balaram SHG 35. Whether it is run by- only women / only men / both : women 36. Number of members of the group(s) : 13 37. Do you have the membership? Yes/No : No 38. If yes, mention the detail activities of the group : 39. How SHG helps to empower women (mention in details): In economical sector it gives more support to & developed women empowerment 40. How much do you get from SHG (in Rs.) : 41. What do you do with your additional earnings from SHG (mention item wise): 42. If you do not have membership (explain reasons) : Not intrested 43. Where is the location of market (name and distance in km.): 3 km 44. Do you always get the remunerative price? Yes /No : No 45. If no, name the crop you didn’t get the remunerative price: Cabbage & Cauliflower 46. Please mention your marketing strategy (in details) : 47. Do you know about any traditional storage system? Yes /No: No If yes, mention the structure and mechanism (in details): 48. Did you observed any changes in agricultural practices? Yes / No: Yes If yes what are the changes you observed (in details): Pest control after installings traps 49. Do you feel climate change has any impact on agriculture? Yes /No: Yes If yes, mention the perception of changes you observed (in details): Crop losses. 50. What are the mitigation options you adapted? : Not adopted.
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    79 Participatory Rural Appraisal(PRA) Tools 6.11 List of PRA Tools carried out S L No Date Name of the PRA Tools 01 11-10-2021 Village map 02 11-10-2021 Resource map 03 11-10-2021 Social map 04 11-10-2021 Daily Activity 05 02-11-2021 Cause Effect Diagram 06 02-11-2021 Wealth ranking 07 02-11-2021 Matrix ranking 08 13-11-2021 Livelihood Analysis 09 13-11-2021 Swot 10 13-11-2021 Transact walk 11 13-11-2021 Timeline 12 13-11-2021 Seasonality analysis 13 13-11-2021 Crop Calener 14 13-11-2021 Mobility map
  • 96.
  • 97.
    81 6.9 Agricultural ExtensionActivities Fig-125- making of resource Map Fig-120-With the headmaster of CPBET High School Tunga Fig-121 In the grampanchyat offoice for collection of data Fig-122 -With the nayab sarapanch of the GP Fig-123- In FIAC, BAO, Office Fig-124- Data Collecteing from AAO Mam. Fig-126- Village map making Fig-130- Transact walk@ CPBET high Scool
  • 98.
    82 Fig-128- Transact walk@ Mission shakti Fig-129-Transact walk @ Tunga rural park Fig-130- Transact walk@ CPBET high csgool Fig-131- Social Map making Fig-132-Failure story data collection Fig-133- Visit to kvk Fig-134- Visiting of vermicompost unit with scientist
  • 99.
    83 Fig-136- In Bio-fertilizerunit with KVK scientists. Fig-137-In Grape orchards of KVK Kendrapada. Fig-138- Dragon fruit in KVK Fig-139- Takeing data from BLO @ total voter list Fig-140- Mega Plantation drive On the occasion of World Soil day
  • 100.
  • 101.
    85 6.10 Demonstration ActivityCarried out SL No Date Name of Demonstration Method of Demonstration No. of Farmer Attended 1 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Model of Integrated farming system Exhibition 20 2 18-11-2021 Demonstration on Azolla cultivation Poster Presentation 20 3 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Soil sampling Poster Presentation 10 4 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Seed treatment with Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 5 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of micronutrients & Biofertilizer Field Demonstration 10 6 23-11-2021 Suggestion on use of sprayer mechanism Field Demonstration 10 7 23-11-2021 Suggestion use of effective herbicides Field Demonstration 10 8 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Air layering in guava Field demonstration 05 9 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Kitchen Garden Poster Presentation 15 10 18-11-2021 Demonstration on training Pruning Poster Presentation 10 11 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Dragon fruit Cultivation Poster Presentation 10 12 12-02-2021 Demonstration on Showing of different Horticultural instruments through display method Field Demonstration 10 13 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Honeybee cultivation Exhibition 10 14 23-11-2021 Rope pulling to dislodge the larva Exhibition 10 15 23-11-2021 Effective Insecticides through display Exhibition 10 16 23-11-2021 Effective control of insect pests Exhibition 10 17 23-11-2021 Demonstration on blue sticky trap Exhibition 10 18 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Solar light Trap Exhibition 10 19 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Gundhibugs Poster Presentation 10 20 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Gallmidge Poster Presentation 10
  • 102.
    86 21 23-11-2021 Demonstration onsafety precaution while spraying insecticide Leafchart 10 22 13-11-2021 Demonstration on Blast disease of rice Poster Presentation 05 23 02-11-2021 Demonstration on Sheath Blight of rice Poster Presentation 15 24 18-11-2021 Recommendation use on use of some effective fungicides & bactericides through display method. Field Demonstration 10 25 23-11-2021 Demonstration on Trichoderma viride Field Demonstration 10 26 12-02-2021 Safety major while Spraying Fungicides. Field Demonstration 10 6.12 Demonstration Gallery Fig-151-IFS Model demonstration of IFS Fig-152- Distribution of Leafolder on IFS Fig-153-Azolla Cultivation Demonstration through poster presentation
  • 103.
    87 Fig-154- Demonstration onlight Trap by through demonstration Fig—155-Leaflet distribution on safety major Fig-156—Demonstration of soil sampling through Z model Fig-157-Model of IFS
  • 104.
    88 7. Agricultural Economics 7.1.Transport, Education and Health Services. I. Bus Stand : Aul Distance from Village : 3Km II. Railway Station : No Distance from Village : 0 Km III. Post Office : Aul IV. Condition of Road : Good V. School : C.P.B.E.T High schhol, Tunga VI. College : Aul College , Aul Distance from Village :5 Km VII. Primary Health Centre : Aul PHC, Aul VIII. Private Dispensary : Sadguru laboratory IX. Aaganbadis/Baalbadis: Anganbadi Kendra , Tunga 7.2. Population (Village Demography) Table 7.2.1 Classification of families Sl. No. Occupation No. of Families Percentage 1 Agriculturists 180 45 % 2 Landless farmers/Agri.Labourers 100 25% 3 Village Artisans 7 1.75% 4 Industry/Factory Workers 30 7.5% 5 Self Employed (Business) 12 3 % 6 Teachers 16 4 % 7 Private Sector Employee 20 5 % 8 Other Govt. Sector 35 8.75% Total 400 100% Table 7.2.2 Population Sex Category Literate Illiterate Total No. Total Population (Percentage) Male (i) Adults (above 35 yrs) 126 350 476 31.73% (ii) Youth ( 18-35 yrs) 180 30 210 14% (iii) Children 65 15 80 5.33 Female (i) Adults (above 35 yrs) 50 295 345 23% (ii) Youth ( 18-35 yrs) 75 195 270 18% (iii) Children 92 27 119 7.93% Total (Male + Female ) 588 912 1500 100%
  • 105.
    89 Table 7.2.3 Levelof literacy Sl. No. Types of Literary Number Total percentage Male Female 1 Illiterate 24 8 5.44% 2 Studied up to V 30 12 7.14% 3 Studied up to VIII Class 56 30 14.62% 4 Studied Up to Xth Class 86 40 21.42% 5 Studied up to XIth Class 10 20 5.10% 6 XII Passed 20 34 9.18% 7 Graduates 120 65 31.46% 8 Post Graduates 25 8 5.61% Total 371 217 100% Table 7.2.4 Drinking Water Facilities: Sl. No. Source Number of sources No. of families depending upon sources 1 Well 02 8 2 Tube wells 12 320 3 Pond 04 30 4 Hand pump 06 18 5 Other ( own borewell) 24 24 Total 48 400 Table 7.2.5 Marketing Facilities Sl. No. Type Available within village Nearest Place to the village Distance in Km 1 Weekly Haat No Aul, Nial 3 Kms 2 Regulated Market No Aul 3 Kms 3 Daily need/Kirana Yes - - 4 Veg & Fruit stall No Aul, Nial 3 Kms
  • 106.
    90 5 Fair price(Ration) shop Yes - - 6 Any other (Food Stall) Yes - _ Table 7.2.6 Livestock Population (As per the Gram Panchyat Records) Class Type of livestock Number A Draft animal 15 Bullocks 10 He buffaloes 18 Total 43 B Milch animals 250 Local/Deshi breed cows 65 Crossbred cows 30 Buffaloes 120 Total 465 C Calves (below 3 years) 25 Local breed cows 30 Crossbred cows 15 Buffaloes 10 Total 80 D Goats/Sheep 100 Poultry 300 E Others (Duck) 100 Table 7.2.7 Veterinary Aid available for Livestock Sl. No. Particular Available in village/town Village At nearby Distance (in Km) 1 Veterinary Dispensary No Aul 3 Kms 2 Artificial Insemination Centre No Aul 3 Kms 3 Dairy Cooperative Society No Kendrapada 35Kms 4 Any Other
  • 107.
    91 Table 7.2.8 Landutilization pattern Sl. No. Particulars Area (in ha) 1 Total geographical area 281 ha 2 Forest area 10.83 ha 3 Grazing and pasture land 3 ha 4 Land put to non-agril use 10 ha 5 Total cultivable area 196 ha 6 Area under rainfed agri. 100 ha 7 Area under irrigation 60 ha 8 Net sown area 160 ha 9 Area sown more than once 102 ha Table 7.2.9 Structural distribution of land holdings Sl. No. Farm size (ha) No. of Holdings Total (in Percentage) Area (ha) Total (in Percentage) 1 Up to 1.00 25 40.32 % 33 ha 26.82 % 2 1.01-2.00 18 29.03 % 26 ha 21.13 % 3 2.01-4.00 12 19.35 % 36 ha 29.26 % 4 4.01-6.00 06 09.67 % 20 ha 16.26 % 5 6.01-above 01 01.61 % 08 ha 6.50 % Table 7.2.10 Source of irrigation Sl. No. Source Number Area Covered (ha.) Kharif Rabi Perennial 1 Canal 01 25ha 35 ha - 2 Tube wells - - - - 3 Tanks - - - - 4 Private Lifts - - - - 5 Other ( Lift Irrigation) 05 35 ha 25ha - Total 06 60 ha 60 ha - Table 7.2.11 Cropping Pattern (Previous year) Season Crop Rainfed area (ha.) Irrigated Area (ha) Average Yield (q/ha) Rainfed Irrigated Kharif Rice 90 ha 55 ha 1125 q 1000q Vegetable 10 ha 5 ha 240 q 200 q Rabi Tomato - 5 ha - 250q Greengram - 5ha - 40q
  • 108.
    92 Summer Bittergourd 5ha 9ha 600q 800q Tomato 10 ha 15 ha 400q 900q Table 7.2.12 Adoption of Modern Agricultural Technology (Important crops) Name of Technolo gy Crop Total area (ha) Area covered in ha. Traditional Modern Area Percentage Area Percentage Tractor Rice Legumes Cabbage Tomato 100 ha 40 ha 40 % 60ha 60% Combine harvester Rice 60 ha 20 ha 33.3% 40 ha 66.6 % Table 7.2.13 Availability of agricultural labourers Sl. No. Type of Labour Adequate/Inadequate Wages paid (Rs/day) 1 Male Adequate 350 2 Female Adequate 300 3 Bullock pairs - - Table 7.2.14 Agro-Based Industries in the village or nearby area Sl. No. Agro-based industry No. of families engaged Number In the Village Nearby area 1 Rice mill 0 No Pattamundai 2 Daal/Oil mill 0 No Pattamundai 3 Floor mill 0 No Kendrapada 4 Jaggery making 0 No - 5 Others 0 No- 0 Table 7.2.15 Subsidiary Enterprises Sl. No. Enterprise No. of families engaged 1 Dairy 2 2 Poultry 10 3 Goat/sheet rearing - 4 Piggery - 5 Huller 2
  • 109.
    93 Table 7.2.16 Othervillage institutions Sl. No. Institute Yes/No 1 Gram Panchayat Yes 2 Mandi No 3 Cooperative Society No 4 Kisan Club No 5 Youth Club Yes 6 Mahila Club No 7 BhajanMandali No 8 Sports Club Yes 9 Others ( Mshan Shakti) Yes Table 7.2.17 Transportation means available in the village Sl. No. Type Number 1 Cycles 55 2 Cartload - 3 Motor Cycles 80 4 Car/Jeeps 16 5 Others - Total number of houses: a. Electrified : 400 b. Pucca : 350 c. Kachha : 50 d. WBC (Latrine) Facilities : 200 Recreational facilities available in the village: Items Number 1. Television (B/W) 3 2. Television (Colour) 90 3. Radio 0 4. Cinema 0 5. Nachha Party 0 6. Bhajan Mandali 0 Table 7.2.18 Farm Machinery and Equipments available in the village Sl. No. Machinery/Equipment Number 1 Tractor 12 2 Power Tiller 04 3 Combine 02 4 Mould board plough 01 5 Seed drill 00 6 Thresher 03 7 Sprayer 18 8 Duster 00
  • 110.
    94 9 Ridger andleveler 01 10 Sprinkler irrigation sets 00 11 Drip irrigation sets 00 12 Others 00 Table 7.2.19 Facilities for repair of machinery like Tractor/Electric motor etc. Sl. No Type of machinery Repairs in Village Facilities available at nearby village Distance from the village 1 Tractor No Aul 3 kms 2 Electric motor No Aul 3 kms 3 Oil engine No Aul 3 kms 4 Implements No Aul 3 kms Table 7.2.20 Availability of agro-inputs Sl. No. Agro-inputs Available Distance In village At nearest village 1 Implements No Aul 3 kms 2 Seed No Aul 3 kms 3 Fertilizers No Aul 3 kms 4 Insecticides/Fungicides No Aul 3 kms 5 Herbicides No Aul 3 kms Credit Institutions in the village (i) Banks : No (ii) Cooperative Societies : No (iii)Others : No Signature of Village Sarpanch Student’s signature Remarks and signature of the Guide
  • 111.
    95 7.3 DATA REGARDINGHOST FARMER 7.3.1 Agro-Economic Survey/ Farm Holding details Agro-economic or farm holding survey refers to the collection of data, information related to farm activities through structured questionnaire with the help of a schedule or through below mentioned proforma containing set of questions related to farm activities. The collection of data is to be done through personal interviews of the farm owners using the survey schedule or farm records. The proforma contains details of holding or acreage, crop livestock and other enterprises, farm implements, machinery, irrigation sources, labour use, capital use including loans, cost of cultivation details, yield and income sources, etc. This survey is conducted to familiarize the student with the socio-economic condition of the farmers and farm production activities. Each student will prepare a brief report on various aspects of survey. The details are as follows. Name of Village: Tunga Block : Aul District: Kendrapada Name of the head of the family: Mr. Niranjan Behera Sex : Male Age (Years): 49 Education: Graduate in Economics Address: Village: Tunga Post : Aul Ward :11 Mobile No : +916370588720 7.3.2 Information of the family members including attached labours Table 1 Information of the family members including attached labourers Sl. No. Name Sex Relation Age Education Occupation 1 Niranjan Behera Male Head 49 Graduate Farmer 2 Janaki Behera Female Wife 35 Graduate Homemaker 3 Purnamasyee Behera Female Daughter 23 Graduate Student 4 Monalisha Behera Female Daughter 17 Studying Student 5 Tirthananda Behera Male Son 12 Studying Student 7.3.3 Assets and Liabilities Table Table 1 Land Sl. N o. Khasra No. Irrigated land (ha) Rainfed land (ha) Soil Type Present value (Rs.) Land revenue/ Tax 1 62 1 ha 0.40 Clay soil 120/- 2 106 0.5 ha 0.9 ha Clay soil 120/- Table 2 Source of irrigation Sl. No. Source Number Area irrigated (ha) Kharif Rabi Always 1 Well - - - -
  • 112.
    96 2 Canal 011 ha 1ha - 3 Tank - - - - 4 Other - - - - Table 3 Building Sl. No. Category Type of Construction Size Present value (Rs.) 1 Residential house Pucca 50 x 45 ft - 2 Farm house - - - 3 Cattle shed kachha 45 x 45 ft - 4 Other - - - Table 4 Livestock status of the farmer Sl. No. Category Breed No. of animals Present value (Rs.) 1 Draft animal - - - 2 Cows Desi 3 3000/- 3 Buffaloes - - - 4 Goat Desi 8 24000/- 5 Poultry - - - Table 5 Organizational participation Sl. No. Organization Member Office Bearer Regular Occasional Never 1 Gram Panchayat No - - ✓ - 2 Zila Panchayat No - - - - 3 Cooperative Society YES - ✓ - - 4 Farmers Club No - - - ✓ 5 Youth Club No - - ✓ - 6 Mahila Mandal No - - - ✓ 7 Other No - - - - Table 6 Implements and Machinery Category Items Number Present Value (Rs) A. Implements Wooden plough - - Iron plough - - MB plough - - Seed drill - - Harrow - - Hoes - - B. Equipments Bullock cart - - Sprayer 01 2300/-
  • 113.
    97 Duster - - C.Machinery Tractor - - Electric Motor 03 20000/- Oil engine - - Power Tiller - - Thresher - - Reaper - - Other - - Table 7 Household articles Sl. No. Article Number Present value (Rs.) 1 Bicycle 03 15000/- 2 Motorcycle/Scooter 01 100000/- 3 Car - - 4 Television(B/W/C) - - 5 Radio/DVD player - - 6 Refrigerator 01 16000/- 7 Cooler/Fan - - 8 Steel Almirah - - 9 Washing Machine - - 10 Sofa set - - 11 Gobar gas plant - - Table 8 Annual gross income (Previous year) Sl. No. Source Amount (Rs.) 1 Crops 150000/- 2 Livestock 20000/- 3 Wages - Table 9 Annual family consumption expenditure (Previous year) Sl. No. Head Amount (Rs.) 1 Food 85000/- 2 Housing 12000/- 3 Education 5000/- 4 Clothing 20000/- 5 Health 10000/- 6 Travel 5000/- 7 Recreation 3000/- 8 Gift 3000/- 9 Footwares 1500/- 10 Marriage/ other function 5000/-
  • 114.
    98 Table 10 Informationabout borrowings including old loans (Previous year) Sl. No. Source Amount Borrowe d Purpose/ Date Rate of Interest Repaymen t during the year Outstanding (Rs.) 1 Commercial Bank - - - - - 2 Land Dev. Bank - - - - - 3 Cooperative Bank/ Society 29000/- For Cultivation 01% - 29000/- 4 Private Lender - - - - - 5 Friends/Relatives - - - - - Table 11 Marketing Channels used for selling the produce (last one year) Sl. No. Marketing channels Produce Sold Quantity Sold 1 Village Traders - - 2 Commission agents Rice 40q 3 Cooperative Society - - 4 Whole seller - - 5 Self - - Student’s signature Remarks and signature of the Guide
  • 115.
    99 Cost of Cultivationfor Rice Farmers Inputs Quantity with Units Cost (Rs) Cost A1 Seed cost 20 Kg Pooja 1250/- Nursery Preparation Levelling & Seed showing (2 labours@ 300 per labour) 600/- Field Preparation Tractor labour Puddling & levelling ( 4 hrs @ 700/- 2800/- Transplanting Rs.300/-@ per labour (20 labour) 6000/- Irrigation 2 irrigation @ Rs.250/ irrigation 6250/- Organic Fertilizer FYM I Tonne @800/ tonne with 5 men labour charges @ 250/- 2050/- Inorganic fertilizer Urea- 120kg , 5.86 @ per kg 703/- Dap- 25 kg, @24 per kg 600/- MOP- 25 kg , 22@ per kg 550/- Labour @4 Rs.300/ labour 1200/- Plant Protection 2 hand weeding@ Rs.600/time 1200/- Insecticide & fungicides Rs. 1500 with@ 2 labour 250/perbabour 2000/- Harvesting Combine harvester 1hr per hr 4000/- Labour -2 300/- per labour 4600/- Miscellaneous charges 1000/- Sub Total ( Working capital) 30,803/- Interest on working Capital @7 % 2156/- Land Revenue 100/- Depreciation on Fixed Capital @ 10% 3305/- Total Cost A1 36,346//- Rent Paid for Leased in Land - Total Cost A2 36346+0 36,346/- Interest on Owned capital assert 1500/- Total Cost B1 36,346+1500/- 37,846/- Rental value of owned land 37,846 / 3 12,615/- Total Cost B2 37,846/- +12,615/- 50461/- family labour 6 Men 3000/- Total cost C1 37846/- + 3000/- 50,461/- Total Cost C2 50461/- +3000/- 53461/- Total Cost C3 53461/- x 1.10 58,807/- Yield ( Q/ha) 50q Output price ( Rs/ q) 2100/ Gross return ( Rs) 150000/- Net Return ( Rs) 91,193 /- Return per rupee 2.55/-
  • 116.
    100 Price spread ofRice Particulars Price per Quintal Transportation 20/- Tax 97/- Commission charges 90/- Mandi fees 70/- Loading charges 7/- Unloading charges 5/- Weighing charges 25/- Grading Charges 5/- Cost of bags 90/- Stitching charges 10/- Cleaning charges 5/- Processing charges 150/- Total Cost 574/- Marketing Channel Farmer Consumers Regulated Market Commite Wholeseller Processer Retailer Local Exporters Cooperatives I N T E R M E D I A T E
  • 117.
    101 A REPORT ON KRUSHIUNNAT SAHAYOGI (KUS) PROGRAMME (2020-2021) IN BLOCK AGRICULTURE OFFICE (AUL, KENDRAPADA) By TAPAN KUMAR BEHERA (Regd. No.: 180804130214) Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Bachelor of Science (Agriculture) Guide: Ms. Kajal Samantara Assistant Professor, Genetics & Plant Breeding Centurion UNIVERSITY Shaping Lives... Empowering Communities... M.S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture Centurion University of Technology and Management Alluri Nagar, R. Sitapur, Uppalada, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, Odisha-761221 www.cutm.ac.in October 2021
  • 118.
    102 1.INTRODUCTION The Student READY(Rural Entrepreneurship Awareness Development Yojana) aims to provide undergraduate students with rural entrepreneurship awareness, practical experience in real-life situations in agriculture and allied enterprises, and personal interaction with various stakeholders by keeping them physically present in rural situations. The programme aims to instil confidence, develop skills, and increase awareness of the farmers' and community's local field conditions. On July 25, 2015, the Honourable Prime Minister of India announced the Student READY programme. The idea is to reorient graduates of agriculture and related fields in order to ensure and ensure employability, as well as to produce entrepreneurs for emerging knowledge-intensive agriculture. The following are the program's three main core principles:- ➢ Education: The students will learn by doing with the farmers in the village and educate them about the advanced technologies in agriculture and allied fields. ➢ Experience: The students will face the real life situation of a farmer, and gain experience about the resource availability and their judicious use for enhancing the production and productivity of entrepreneurs. ➢ Exposure: The student will get better platform to find out the problems in agriculture by exposing themselves to difficult situations, find out best solution to improve the livelihood option by preparing action plans and linking with different service sectors and govt. sponsored scheme.
  • 119.
    103 2. KRUSHI UNNATSAHOJOGI (KUS-2020) The Directorate of Agriculture & Food Production, Govt. of Odisha has launched a new initiative to involve final-year Agriculture/Horticulture undergraduate students in their RAWE programme for the implementation of its flagship schemes and programmes at the grass-roots level by creating awareness campaigns, pest surveillance, conducting training and demonstrations, and registering farmers in various schemes as well as collecting feedback information etc. Objectives For the Department: ➢ To improving the awareness and adoption of key schemes. ➢ To assess the performance of department initiatives. ➢ To identify the gaps in implementation of ongoing programmes. For the students: ➢ To gain practical knowledge of agricultural practices. ➢ To get opportunity to pursue field study in their areas of interest. ➢ To get exposed to different government schemes and programmes. The major area of activities for the Agriculture Development Associates at Block level includes- ➢ Scheme Adoption ➢ Field Assessment ➢ Impact Assessment ➢ Farmer Surveys ➢ Training Sessions At the Block level, a group of 2-3 students will work under the direction of one Block Agriculture Officer. For a period of two months, the students will be assigned to serve as Agril. Development Associates. Each student would receive a monthly stipend of Rs.4,772/- based on his or her attendance of more than 90% and performance level. There is also a cash prize of Rs.1500/- available for the top 4% of students. An app developed by the ADAPT (Analytics and Decision Support for Agril. Policy Transformation) was used to launch an online system for tracking student attendance and submitting reports and returns on a daily
  • 120.
    104 basis, as wellas online filling out and uploading farmers' information in various formats. Students can download this app to their smartphones and utilise it in the field. Argil's Scheme Officers, Chief District Agriculture Officers, Deans, and Associate Deans Universities and ADAPT team coordinators, led by the Joint Director of Agriculture (PP), will monitor student activities and provide real-time support on a regular basis through WhatsApp groups. Inauguration of the Programme: On July 28th ,2020, the Directorate of Agriculture and Food Production, Govt. of Odisha, Bhubaneswar hosted the official inaguration of the Krushi Unnat Sahayogi Program through a virtual platform (Microsoft Team). Dr. Arun Kumar Sahoo, Cabinet Minister of Odisha (Department of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Higher Education) , addressed 383 final year agriculture and horticulture students from various agricultural universities in the state and encouraged them to contribute to the overall development of agriculture and allied sectors as student associates during a two-month internship programme as part of their RAWE activity. On this day, other government officials, vice chancellors, Deans/Directors, and others spoke to the students. (fig- Honorable Minister Dr. Arun Kumar Sahoo addressing)
  • 121.
    105 ( Fig- Dr.Anita Patra ,Registrar, CUTM, Odisha addressing) On July 30, 2021, from 10.30 a.m. to 4 p.m., personnel from the Directorate of Agriculture and F.P. conducted an online Orientation training programme to students about various modules/schemes and their expectations. They were told about the stipends, the online attendance system, how to operate the App (Software), the monitoring and assessment process, the weekly announcement of top performers, the attendance statement, and the weekly Activity Schedule, among other things. The details of the programme is as follows. S.L NO TIME SCHEMES/ MODULES NAME OF THE SPEAKER 1 10.30 AM to 10.50 AM Briefing of Ongoing scheme under Crop Demonstration Sri Bhaskar Barik , Addl. Director of Agriculture(Extension) 2 10.50 AM to 11.10 AM KUS App &Agril Extension App KUS Coordinator 3 11.10 AM to 11.30 AM Pest Surveillance ,Input dealer Inspection Smt. Nandini Dalai , ADA(PP) 4 11.30 AM to 11.50 AM E-Pest App Sri NiladriMohanty, Scientist – D ,NIC 5 11.50 PM to 12.10 PM DBT-Need Based Input APP Sri Ashok Ku. Behera , Sr. Technical Director NIC 6 !2.10 PM to 12.30 PM Agro Service Centre ,MKUY Sri Alok Kumar Das E.E
  • 122.
    106 7 2.00 PMto 2.20 PM Farm Pond Sri Santosh Ku. Khatua Joint Director Soil Conservation and Watershed Mission 8 2.20 PM to 2.40 PM BTT Meeting Sri Rama Chandra Pattnaik, Director, IMAGE 9 2.40 PM to 3.00 PM Horticulture Ongoing Schemes Sri Naba Kishore Tad Joint Director of Horticulture 10 3.00 PM to 4.00 PM ADAPT Dashboard Dr.Rajesh Das DDA(Coordination)
  • 123.
    107 Salient features ofthe Schemes / Modules Scheme/Module -1 (Pest Surveillance/E-pest Surveillance) Pest surveillance is an important tool towards timely and proper execution and harnessing of Integrated Pest Management. Moreover, by the use of pest surveillance technology, insects and diseases are identified and presence of predators and parasites are counted. As a result of which, pest and diseases are effectively managed through application of eco-friendly integrated pest management system. For quick dissemination of the farmer advisory system to the farmers, e-Pest Surveillance Programme is being implemented from the year 2010. Now, it is being felt that this advisory system is time consuming. Therefore, to make it more effective and farmers’ friendly, Mobile App initiative has been taken up. Scheme/Module -2 (Availability of Fertilizers) From indent (requirement) collection to final sale to farmers , Fertilizers in the state moves through the various phase. This entire movement, from Manufactures to Wholesalers/Dealers is tracked by the mFMS - Fertilizer movement to Dealers Portal and sale by Retailers is captured through PoS Machine. This scheme aims at availability of right type of fertilizer in right quantity at right time. Scheme/Module -3 (Availability of Seeds) Certified seeds are subsidized by direct benefit transfer(DBT) and distributed online to farmers through PACs and dealers .For every farmer, a Farmer ID is generated and registered i online system. The registered farmers then get DBT subsidized seeds from PACs/ Dealers . They have to pay as per the sale rate fixed by State Seed Pricing Committee. Under this it is diagnose whether farmers get required type and required quantity of seeds at DBT subsidized price or not. Flow chart given below. 1 • Indent collected by vaw/ao at gp level 2 • Indent compiled at block level 3 • AAO submits the indent to dao/dda 4 • AAO/ADAat DDAAoffice compiles indent at the district level &sends the consolidated report to DA&FP 5 • Indent is placed to ossc for supply basing on the seed produced as per seed rolling plan
  • 124.
    108 Scheme/Module -4 (Availabilityof Pesticides) Pesticides are the most integral part of Odisha’s Agriculture as it is one of the worst pest-affected states. Therefore, there is a need to survey the farmers on the availability of pesticides with them and on the varieties that they desire. After receipt of Block wise indent of different inputs from the CDAO , the District Manager, OAIC should supply the inputs at block level and manage the distribution work of inputs in cooperation with the concerned Block level Officer. The AAO should maintain the stock of inputs relating to all demonstration programme and supply to the beneficiary farmers / farm women with proper acknowledgement. Scheme/Module -5 (Dakshyata) Dakshyata is an Employee Incentive Program designed under Hon’ble ChiefMinister’s 5Tvision(Technology,Time,Teamwork,Transformation,Transperancy).The program aims to build a robust performance management system for identification and recognition of top performing employees. Dakshyata was rolled out on 18th June 2020; the program has been designed with a consultative approach over last 9 months. Dakshyata is currently being implemented across Agriculture and Horticulture Directorates. While VAW/AO and HEW/HO operate at the Gram Panchayat Level, AAO and AHOs operate at the Block level. Scheme/Module -6 (BALRAM) (Bhoomihina Agriculturist Loan And Resources Augmentation Model) Under ‘Balaram’ scheme, the government has set a target to provide farm loans to 7 lakh landless farmers in the next two years.While the Institute on Management of Agricultural Extension (IMAGE) will coordinate to implement the scheme at the state level, the Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) will coordinate at the district level.It has set aside Rs 1,040 crore for the purpose. In rural and small towns, around 7,000 branches of several banks and Primary Agricultural Cooperative Societies will coordinate the implementation.The interest rate and subsidy on the loan amount will be decided as per the guidelines of the State farm loan rules.The scheme comes in collaboration with the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Scheme/Module -7 (Decision Support System & Agri-Extension App.) The Decision Support System is an integrated dashboard which is used by the Department Officials for various administrative and operational purposes. Training Modules on Decision Support System –
  • 125.
    109 1. Schemes Theobjective of the scheme delivery module is to focus on improving the accessibility of schemes such that its benefits reach the right beneficiary at the right time leading to achievement of departmental outcomes. 2. Farmer DB Odisha is a state in which majority of its population is dependent on agriculture for livelihood. It is essential that the state has a transparent view of all farmers of the state including cultivators, labourers and sharecroppers. This is important for various reasons, from streamlining schemes and service delivery to long-term farmers’ welfare, among others. 3. Form Submission Various forms related to schemes and input data are also filled at the block level. These are mainly filled through Data Submission Tab on the Decision Support System. 4. GP Sitting -The initiative required extension workers to sit in the GP office of the assigned GPs once every week on the first working day for two hours so that the farmers of the GPs can visit the GP office and get their queries resolved in discussion with the extension workers. A mobile app called the Agri-Extension app was launched to enable the extension workers to mark their attendance from the GP office when they sit in the office. Agri-Extension App GP officers from all the three directorates can log on to the app and go to farmer section to view their list of pending, approved and rejected profiles. They first verify eligibility of the farmer, if found ineligible, they need to give reason and if eligible other details of farmers are to be updated by them and submitted. The Agri Extension app has the following features: i) Supports both English & Odia language. ii) Location-based attendance submission (with latitude/longitude and images) from the GP office iii) Offline data sync iv) Integration with the Department of Agriculture and Farmers' Empowerment's Twitter and YouTube handle for information dissemination v) Attendance History and performance comparison with fellow extension officers Scheme/Module -8 (Farm Pond) For effective and time bound implementation of different activities undertaken by department of Agriculture and Farmers Empowerment under 5T framework, a task team was constituted on “every willing farmer can have a farm pond (with a target of 5lakh farm ponds in 5 years) and executed by WSHGs"” in the state. Simultaneously, a number of meetings with different stake holders i,e Department of PR & DW, “Mission Shakti . Directorate of Fisheries/Agriculture / Horticulture / Soil Conservation were conducted to formulate the operational guidelines for the purpose.
  • 126.
    110 Scheme/Module -9 (Irrigation) Odishadepends largely upon monsoon for its water resources. Southwest monsoon triggers rainfall in the state. About 78% of total annual rainfall occurs during the period from June to September and the balance 22% in the remaining period from October to May. In addition to seasonal availability, the rain fall in the state also shows spatial variation i.e. From about 1200 mm in southern coastal plain to about 1700 mm in northern plateau. The long-term average annual rainfall in the state is of the order of 1452 mm, which corresponds to annual precipitation of about 230.76 billion cubic metres (BCM) of water. Of the total precipitation, a part is lost by evaporation & transpiration, a part goes towards increasing ground water storage and the remaining appears as surface run-off. The ground water reserve and surface run-off constitute the water resources of the state . Scheme/Module -10 (BTT Meeting) BTT Meeting is a forum at the block-level and aims at the convergence of all the directorates concerned with Agriculture in order to report and resolve issues from the field. These meetings happen twice every month – on first and third Saturdays. The overall agenda is set at the State Level and a form is created for recording the responses from each block. The form consists of questions regarding input availability, pest attacks etc.
  • 127.
    111 Salient features ofother Central & State Govt. sponsored Schemes/Programmes 1.Mukhymantri Krushi Udyig Yojana(Mkuy) In 1996 a new agriculture policy launched -35 CAEs introduced,CL Subsidy@20%- Max Rs.20Lakh.In 2008 the agriculture policy revisited-No.of CAEs-41,CL subsidy@25%- Max Rs.25 lakh.In 2013 state agriculture revisited-No.of CAEs-63,CL subsidy @40- 50%,Max Rs.50lakh.In 2018 MKUY launched under agriculture policy ,No. of CAEs-62,CL subsidy@40-50%,Max CIS-Rs.50 lakh .In 2020 a new agriculture policy launched – SAMRUDHI,No.of CAEs-Except the negative list CI subsidy@40-50%,max CIS-Rs.50 lakh. KEY FEATURES: Launched on 01.06.2018.Online application through user friendly website apicol.nic.in & Mobile app-MKUY.Time bound implementation & administration of incentives.Transparency in implementation :accessibility to all stakeholders.Accountability ensured through direct involvement of line dept.officials. Aims at earning net profit of 2 lakhs per annum.Subsidy @ 40% for general male & 50% for women SC,ST,Agri- graduates.Subsidy capping for some individual enterprise & upper cap of rs.50 Lakh. 2.Krushak Assistance For Livelihood & Income Augmentation (KALIA) The government of Odisha has launched the Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation (KALIA) scheme, which would benefit about 92% of the farmers in the State. The government has earmarked Rs 10,180 Crore for KALIA in 3 years. The scheme will provide financial, livelihood, cultivation support along with insurance support to small, marginal and the landless farmers. Eligibility for KALIA Scheme :All small and marginal farmers along with landless agricultural households, vulnerable agricultural household, landless agricultural labourers and sharecroppers/actual cultivators are eligible under different components of KALIA. Benefits available to cultivators for cultivation under KALIA scheme.Financial aid of Rs.25,000 per farm family over five seasons will be provided to small and marginal farmers so that they can purchase seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and use assistance towards labour. This scheme has come into effect from the ongoing (2018- 19) Rabi season.Financial assistance of Rs 12500/ will be provided to each landless agricultural household for agricultural allied activities such as goat rearing, small layer poultry units, duckery units, fishery kits for fishermen, mushroom cultivation, bee-keeping and so on. Vulnerable cultivators/landless agricultural laborers will get financial assistance of
  • 128.
    112 Rs 10,000 perfamily per year to enable them to take care of their sustenance. The cultivator/landless agricultural laborers who are in old age, having disability/ disease and are vulnerable for any other reason will benefit from the scheme. Five lakh families will be covered every year. Any farmer wanting to get information on KALIA scheme can register for 'KaliaBarta' by giving a missed call to the Telephone No: 08061174222. The farmer will automatically get registered with the Government database. All information about KALIA scheme will also be sent to his phone number through SMS and voice calls from time to time. 3.PRADHAN MANTRI FASAL BIMA YOJANA(PMFBY) The PMFBY was launched by the Centre on April 1, 2016 to help farmers cope with crop losses due to unseasonal and extreme weather. It replaced the National Agricultural Insurance Scheme and the Modified National Agricultural Insurance Scheme. The Weather-Based Crop Insurance Scheme (WBCIS) remains in place, though its premium rates have been streamlined with the latest scheme. PMFBY was more farmer-friendly provisions than its predecessors. It reduced the burden of premium on farmers significantly and expanded coverage. It also promoted use of advanced technologies to estimate losses accurately and accelerate payments to farmers. Objectives: ➢ 1.To provide insurance coverage and financial support to the farmers in the event of failure of any of the notified crop as a result of natural calamities, pests & diseases. ➢ 2.To stabilise the income of farmers to ensure their continuance in farming. ➢ 3.To encourage farmers to adopt innovative and modern agricultural practices. ➢ 4.To ensure flow of credit to the agriculture sector. Farmers to be covered:All farmers growing notified crops in a notified area during the season who have insurable interest in the crop are eligible. Compulsory coverage: The enrolment under the scheme, subject to possession of insurable interest on the cultivation of the notified crop in the notified area, shall be compulsory for following categories of farmers: Farmers in the notified area who possess a Crop Loan account/KCC account (called as Loanee Farmers) to whom credit limit is sanctioned/renewed for the notified crop during the crop season & such other farmers whom the Government may decide to include from time to time.
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    113 Voluntary coverage: Voluntarycoverage may be obtained by all farmers not covered above, including Crop KCC/Crop Loan Account holders whose credit limit is not renewed. 4.PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAI YOJANA-MICRO-IRRIGATION (PMKSY) Government of India introduced Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana in the Year 2015. PMKSY was formulated to expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, to reduce water wastage and to improve water use efficiency in agriculture. PMKSY is creating protective irrigation by harnessing rain water at micro level through Jal Sanchay and Jal Sinchan. PMKSY has been implemented with an outlay of Rs. 50,000 crore in five years (2015 to 2020). In this article we will look at PMKSY in detail. Objectives: ➢ Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of district level and, if required, sub district level water use plans). ➢ Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation (Har Khetko pani). ➢ Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.Improve on - farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and extent. ➢ Enhance the adoption of precision - irrigation and other water saving technologies (More crop per drop). ➢ Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices. ➢ Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas using the watershed approach towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and other NRM activities. ➢ Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries. ➢ Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for peri - urban agriculture.
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    114 5.SAURA JALANIDHI The needof the project is to augment the existing irrigation facility of the State and cover as much area as possible under privately owned lift irrigation points for assured irrigation and tide over drought situation in these affected districts. The dug well- cum- recharge well will improve the ground water level of the area. Objectives: ➢ The prosperity of the State depends upon effective and optimal utilization of these resources. The main obstacle in the increase of productivity is the lack of irrigation facilities and near total dependence on rain-fed Agriculture. Out of net cultivable area of 63.00 lakhs ha. only 23.93 lakhs ha. and 11.37 lakhs ha in Kharif and Rabi respectively are covered under flow irrigation from major, medium, and minor irrigation projects. ➢ Odisha has vast ground water potential which is available for exploration. So far, about 21% of ground water resources have been tapped for irrigation purpose. Thus, there is scope for further exploration of ground water resources up to 70% of the total recharge per year, which will go a long way in expanding area under irrigated agriculture.By Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, it has been found that 15.42 lakhs ha.mt of net ground water resources are available for utilization in the State which is inclusive of the 21% ground water resources already explored. ➢ Lot of area can be covered under these untapped resources of irrigation by installing Shallow Tube wells, Deep Bore wells.Dug wells are suitable options wherever installation of Bore well or any other type of irrigation structure is not feasible. These dug wells if designed specifically can be beneficial to recharge the ground water while providing irrigation to 0.75 ha. of land. ➢ The objective of the project is to help the farmers creating their own irrigation projects for assured irrigation and also to sell water to nearby farmers while increasing cropping intensity to 300%. Such a project is highly beneficial not only to the farmers but also to the state in expanding area under irrigated agriculture leading to increase in production and productivity. ➢ These projects would reduce farming risk due to drought at any time of the year, by providing assured irrigation. 2 It would also increase food security and farm income particularly for small / marginal (General) and SC, ST farmers.
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    115 6. SOIL HEALTHCARD Soil health card scheme was initiated by the Prime Minister of India for the welfare of the farmers. The scheme helps farmer to know about the crops that can be planted depending on the soil based on scientific methods. By doing this, the farmers can get maximum yield on harvesting the crops. Under the scheme, based on analysis, the farmers are provided with the soil health card that determines the crops that can be grown in the particular soil and measures to develop the productivity of the crops. Features of the scheme: 1. The scheme intends to cover 14 crore farmers. 2. The scheme is implemented in all parts of the country. 3. The card guides the farmers about the soil and the apt crop that can be cultivated. Benefits: 1. The farmers will be notified about the soil type and they can plant crops accordingly. 2. The authorities provide a report to the farmers once in 3 years after observing the soil regularly. 3. The farmers are also given advice by the experts to improve the productivity of the crops and the necessary methods that have to be practiced in order to implement the changes. 4. The farmers will be informed about the needed nutrients in the soil.
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    116 Role of Agril.Development Associates in the above Schemes/Prog./Modules Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Pest Surveillance/E-pest Surveillance) 1.To get a GP allocated by the Block Officer. 2. Conduct surveillance on Tuesday and Thursday every week in the GP assigned by AAO block and upload pest incidence data on the App 3. In case of unidentified pest, upload the photo on the App and submit for identification by respective AAOs/PPOs 4. Intimate the AAO and DDA immediately in case of any pest outbreak/emergency situation observed during surveillance 5. Provide recommendation on dosage of pesticides in accordance to the expert committee recommendation 2019-20 in case the incidence of pest/diseases is above ETL level. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Availability of Fertilizers) Through Dealers – 1. Visit the fertiliser dealers in the allocated block every Tuesday. 2. Check if the online inventory has been updated by the dealer. 3. Check if the POS Machine has been upgraded. If not, upgrade the POS Machine. 4. Select the form ‘Fertiliser Survey – Dealers’ on the KUS App and fill the form. Through Farmers – 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the availability of fertilisers from the dealers. 3. Select the form ‘Availability of Fertiliser – Farmers on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Availability of Seeds) 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the availability of seeds from the dealers. 3. Select the form ‘Availability of Seeds– Farmers’ on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Availability of Pesticides) 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the availability of pesticides from the dealers. 3. Select the form ‘Availability of Pesticides – Farmers on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Dakshyata) 1. Visit the block office of the allocated block on first Friday of November and December.
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    117 2. Interact withthe AAO/AHO/ASCO/VAW/HEW/SCEW 3. Select the form ‘Survey on Dakshyata’ on the KUS App and fill the form. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (BALRAM) 1. Visit the allocated GP every Thursday. 2. Interact with the Krushak Saathis and train them on the implementation of Balaram in the first week. 3. Fill the form ‘Balram Training – Krushak Saathis’ after imparting training. 4. Follow up on the formation of JLG in your allocated GP in the following weeks. 5. Report any issues or queries that are being faced by the Krushak Saathis on the ‘Queries on Balaram – Krushak Saathis’ form on the KUS App Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Decision Support System & Agri-Extension App.) 1. Visit the Block Office every Wednesday and Friday. 2. Interact with the Block officers on Wednesday and Extension Officers on Friday on the usage of DSS Platform and Agri-Extension App. 3. After surveying them, fill the form ‘DSS Survey – Block Officers’ and ‘Survey on Agri Extension App’ on the KUS App in the first week. 4. In the subsequent weeks, train them on the following modules according to the weekly schedule. 5. After imparting training, fill the forms ‘DSS Training – Block Officers’, ‘App Training – Block Officers’ and ‘App Training – GP Officers’. 6. Resolve the queries of officers on a continuous basis and fill the form named ‘Queries on DSS and Agri-Extension App’ on the KUS App for the unresolved queries. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Farm Pond) 1. Visit 10 farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the Farm Pond Scheme. 3. Select the form ‘Survey Farm Pond – Farmer’ and fill the form. 4. Go to the Block Office every Wednesday and interact with the Block Officer. 5. Fill the form ‘Survey Farm Pond – Block Officer’ on the KUS App in the first week. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (Irrigation) 1. Go to the Block Office every Wednesday and interact with the Block Officer. 2. Fill the form ‘Survey- Irrigated Area in Block’ on the KUS App in the first week. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (MKUY)
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    118 1. Visit 10farmers in the allocated block every Thursday. 2. Interact with them on the MKUY Scheme. 3. Fill the form ‘Survey on MKUY’ on the KUS App. Role of Agril. Development Associates in (BTT Meeting) 1. Attend the BTT Meeting on every first and third Saturday. 2. Observe how the meeting is held and the issues that are discussed. 3. After attending the meeting, fill the form ‘BTT Meeting Associate Feedback’ on the KUS App.
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    119 Activities done underdifferent schemes/modules in the assigned Block/GP/Village(s) etc. 1.Survey of Block Level Officer : Total No. of Office Covered 4 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Officer Surveyed 5 In this secession, I completed activities such as an Agri- extension survey, determining how much irrigated land is present in my block, crop demonstration (Agril) in the BGREI Field, Decision Support System In Agriculture, Crop Demonstration (Horti), ATMA, and Incentive schemes, and paddy line transplanting (LTP). Fig:- Joining in the BAO office Fig:- Survey to VAW Fig:- Surved to AHO Fig:- Surveyed to AAE
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    120 2.Seed availability assessment TotalNo. of G.P Covered 18 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Farmer Surveyed 100 Visited to PACS various vendors and retailers and asked in regards to the accessibility of required assortment at the perfect opportunity. Likewise associated with ranchers about the assortment they are utilizing and spread mindfulness about substitute assortments of seeds Fig:- Surveyed in Mahu Gp Fig:- Surveyed in Koilidhia Gp Fig:- Surveyed in Patrapur GP Fig:- Surveyed in Singiri G.P
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    121 3. Pesticides andfertilizer Dealer Survey Total No. of G.P Covered Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Farmer Surveyed 100 Visited to P.A.C.S various vendors and retailers and asked in regards to the accessibility of required assortment at the perfect opportunity. Likewise associated with ranchers about the assortment they are utilizing and spread mindfulness about substitute assortments of seeds Fig:- Surveyed in different Fertilizer dealer Fig:- Surveyed in different Fertilizer dealer Fig:- Surveyed in PACS Demal Fig:- Surveyed in PACS Dimirpal
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    122 5. E-Pest Surveillanceand farmers survey Total No. of G.P Covered 01 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of Farmer Surveyed 01 Studied the field and recognized the illnesses and insect.Filled the structure in E-bother application with the photos of the field and impacted plants.The structure was submitted with the appropriate fungicides and bug sprays suggestion. Fig:- E-Pest Survillance Fig:- E-Pest Survillance Fig:- E-Pest Survillance Fig:- E-Pest Survillance
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    123 5.Decision Support Systemand Agri-Extension App. Total No. of G.P Covered 01 Activity undertaken in this programme Total No of officer Surveyed 15 Aociated with the block officials and GP officials in regards to utilization of agriextension application and DSS any question and their sugession for development of application.ss Fig- Survey of DSS Fig- Survey of DSS Fig- Survey of DSS Fig- Survey of DSS
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    125 CONCLUSION I gained muchknowledge about farming and farmers by interacting with them.  Less participation of females in the agricultural field. I got much knowledge about Fisheries , Dairy, Protected cultivation of Vegetables, etc. Subsidiary occupations are less investment and more profit things and also we should stop following the same cropping pattern of Wheat-Paddy and should start cultivating some other useful crops .