Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
This chapter highlights theory and research that clarifies how communication establishes and maintains interpersonal relationships. Although all interpersonal communication episodes have implications for the relationships between participants, we focus on research traditions that specifically address communication’s role in the initiation, development, and maintenance of intimacy within personal relationships.
This document summarizes a research article that examines the prevalence and outcomes of sibling violence. Some key findings:
1) The study uses survey data from over 8,000 secondary school students to estimate rates of sibling abuse and examine its relationship to substance use, delinquency, and aggression.
2) Results suggest sibling violence occurs more frequently than other forms of child abuse. Sibling violence is significantly associated with substance use, delinquency, and aggression even after controlling for other family violence.
3) The study tests feminist theory and social learning theory to help explain why sibling violence occurs. Younger siblings and females are hypothesized to be more likely victims due to power imbalances, and children may learn abusive behaviors
Symbolic interactionism suggests that human interaction and society are defined through the use of symbols and their interpreted meanings. People act based on the meanings and expectations derived from others' actions and symbols used during communication. This theory views humans as active thinkers who interpret their own actions and environment based on self-reflection, rather than reacting passively to external forces. The document then discusses the debate around the legality of the Iraq war, arguing that military action was justified based on Iraq's violations of UN Security Council resolutions to dismantle weapons of mass destruction programs and cease human rights abuses.
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
This chapter highlights theory and research that clarifies how communication establishes and maintains interpersonal relationships. Although all interpersonal communication episodes have implications for the relationships between participants, we focus on research traditions that specifically address communication’s role in the initiation, development, and maintenance of intimacy within personal relationships.
This document summarizes a research article that examines the prevalence and outcomes of sibling violence. Some key findings:
1) The study uses survey data from over 8,000 secondary school students to estimate rates of sibling abuse and examine its relationship to substance use, delinquency, and aggression.
2) Results suggest sibling violence occurs more frequently than other forms of child abuse. Sibling violence is significantly associated with substance use, delinquency, and aggression even after controlling for other family violence.
3) The study tests feminist theory and social learning theory to help explain why sibling violence occurs. Younger siblings and females are hypothesized to be more likely victims due to power imbalances, and children may learn abusive behaviors
Symbolic interactionism suggests that human interaction and society are defined through the use of symbols and their interpreted meanings. People act based on the meanings and expectations derived from others' actions and symbols used during communication. This theory views humans as active thinkers who interpret their own actions and environment based on self-reflection, rather than reacting passively to external forces. The document then discusses the debate around the legality of the Iraq war, arguing that military action was justified based on Iraq's violations of UN Security Council resolutions to dismantle weapons of mass destruction programs and cease human rights abuses.
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
Our major goal is to help you achieve your academic goals. We are commited to helping you get top grades in your academic papers.We desire to help you come up with great essays that meet your lecturer's expectations.Contact us now at http://www.premiumessays.net/
The Effect of Family Communication Patterns on AdoptedAdoles.docxcherry686017
This document summarizes a study that examined how family communication patterns interact with adoption status to influence adolescent adjustment. The researchers hypothesized that adopted adolescents would be at greater risk for adjustment problems compared to nonadopted adolescents in families with certain communication patterns. They tested this using a sample of 384 adoptive and 208 nonadoptive families. The results supported the hypothesis, finding that adopted adolescents were at significantly greater risk for adjustment problems in families that emphasized conformity without conversation and in families that emphasized neither. Adolescents in families emphasizing conversation were at lower risk, regardless of adoption status.
An Exploratory Investigation Of Jealousy In The FamilyLuisa Polanco
This document summarizes a research study that explored jealousy within family relationships. The study found that over half of respondents reported experiencing a jealousy incident involving a family member, most commonly a sister. Respondents reported feeling hurt, upset, or angry in response. While discussion was a common coping strategy, increased independence was also reported. Jealousy incidents were associated with marginally lower relationship satisfaction. The study provides preliminary insights into the experience and expression of jealousy within families.
Gender socialization and identity theoryArif Putranto
This document discusses gender socialization through the lenses of identity theory and identity control theory. It provides an overview of literature on how families socialize children into gender roles and identities. Specifically, it examines how gender is learned from a young age through cues from families, and how this socialization leads to the development of gendered subcultures and homophily (preference for same-sex interactions). The document argues that identity theory can help explain how gender identities form through this socialization process and are reinforced over the lifespan to maintain the social order.
For this assignment, students will be expected to find and discuss.docxAKHIL969626
For this assignment, students will be expected to find and discuss online news articles published within the last 3 months on any 7 of the following topics:
1. Interracial relationships
2. Homosexuality, bisexuality, or transexuality
3. Family violence
4. Adoption (any aspect)
5. Extra-marital sexuality
6. Births outside of marriage
7. Marriage trends/statistics
8. Blended families
9. Disciplining children
These articles may be from any online news source. Please keep in mind that they must be news articles, not commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, book reviews, opinion pieces, etc.
Provide the URL for each article you choose and clearly identify each topic you are addressing. Be certain that you note the source of each article including the APA-formatted citation for each article.
For each item, write a brief essay (approximately 400-500 words) in which you do the following:
1. Write a brief summary of the article. This should only be a short paragraph in length. The point is not to repeat everything the article says but to pick out important points and those that relate to information covered in class material.
2. Compare the information in your article with information on that subject covered in your textbook (include page numbers when appropriate). For example, does the information in the article contradict or agree with information presented in your text? How? Why? This is your chance to demonstrate that you know the information on this topic presented in your course material.
3. Discuss which theoretical perspective on the family, as discussed in Chapter 2, is represented/applied in the article. Analyze the topic using the related theory. (This is your opportunity to demonstrate that you understand and can apply the theoretical perspectives in your text.) CHAPTER 2 IS ATTACHED
4. Conclude with your own thoughts on the news article. You might include such thoughts as why this particular topic interested you, if you were surprised by the news, or how you think this issue should be handled by society and why. The point of this part of your essay is to demonstrate that you have reflected on this issue at some length.
As people struggle to understand family-related processes, they develop theories. A theory is a set of statements that explains why a particular phenomenon occurs. Theories drive research; help us analyze our findings; and, ideally, offer solutions for family problems.
One family sociologist compares theories to the fable of the six blind men who felt different parts of an elephant and arrived at different explanations of what elephants were like. The man who felt the side of the elephant compared it to a massive, immovable wall. The man who felt the trunk thought the elephant was like a rope that could move large objects. Similarly, different theories explain different aspects of the elephant—in this case, families (Burr, 1995).
Of the dozen or so most influential ...
The document summarizes the development of family therapy from the mid-1980s to the present. It discusses the shift from constructivism to social constructionism as the main theoretical framework. Social constructionism emphasizes that problems are shaped by language and wider social and cultural contexts rather than just family dynamics. It also focuses on how meanings are jointly constructed through conversations and interactions. The role of the therapist became less about expertise and more about facilitating collaborative conversations. Research studies explored topics like therapeutic processes, outcomes, and comparisons between family therapy and other treatment approaches. The document concludes by connecting the different phases and approaches in family therapy and considering possible future developments.
Exploring the relationsip between diversity and workplace friendshipAlexander Decker
1) The document examines the relationship between diversity (measured by perceived value diversity and diversity climate) and workplace friendship.
2) It presents a literature review on diversity, diversity climate, perceived value diversity, and workplace friendship. Conceptual frameworks on social identity and relational approaches to diversity are discussed.
3) A survey was conducted of 196 employees in Nigeria to examine the hypotheses that diversity climate and perceived value diversity predict and are related to workplace friendship. Statistical analyses found significant relationships between the variables as predicted.
This document provides an introduction to a course on family studies. It defines family in several ways, including as networks of people bound by ties like marriage, blood, or commitment. It discusses examining family from an ecosystem perspective, seeing the family as a complex system that interacts with its environment. Key concepts in human ecological theory are introduced, such as viewing the family as a semi-open, goal-directed, dynamic system that can respond to and modify its environment through adaptation. Different types of modern families are outlined, and changing demographics around marriage, divorce, and household composition in the US are summarized.
Speaking with a Stranger Intercultural Classrooms Tensions And M.docxwilliame8
This document summarizes a study that explored the dialectical tensions and managing strategies between native English-speaking teachers and Thai students in intercultural classrooms in Thailand. The study found that teachers and students encountered three main dialectical tensions: stability/change regarding predictability vs. novelty in the classroom, openness/closedness regarding privacy and directness in teacher-student relationships, and separation/connection regarding distance vs. closeness between teachers and students. The study also identified six strategies used to negotiate these tensions: selection, cyclical alteration, segmentation, integrative reframing, integrative moderation, and indifference.
The document discusses three major theoretical perspectives on families in sociology: functionalist, conflict/feminist, and symbolic interactionist. Functionalist perspectives view families as fulfilling important functions for society such as socialization, economic support, and status allocation. Conflict and feminist perspectives see families as sources of social inequality and sites of conflict between genders and classes. Symbolic interactionist perspectives examine family dynamics and the meanings and interpretations that family members assign to their roles and interactions.
Conflict ClimatesThe idea of a conflict climate refers to the.docxdonnajames55
Conflict Climates
The idea of a conflict climate refers to “the psychological atmosphere impacting a conflict” (Abigail & Cahn, 2011, p. 103). For example, some conflict climates have a harmful atmosphere, others a nurturing atmosphere. Being aware of a conflict climate may require insider knowledge of a social situation because the climate is often subtly revealed in cultural norms, previous experience, and nonverbal expressions (e.g., tone of voice, facial expression). You probably have a good feel for the conflict climate in your own family, given years of experience as a family member. However, think about how you feel spending time with a friend’s or partner’s family for the first time, not knowing what is appropriate to say in what may seem in many ways like a new culture to you.
Family communication climates. Recognizing that children are born into very different communication climates, family communication scholars have set out to explore how conflict climates vary among families as well as the effects of those climates
on children. Based on early work by McLeod and Chaffee (1972), Fitzpatrick and colleagues identified two communication orientations (i.e., conversation orientation and conformity orientation) that influence family conflict climates (Fitzpatrick & Ritchie, 1994; Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2004; Ritchie, 1991). Families can range from being low to high on each orientation. The conversation orientation refers to “the degree to which members interact frequently, openly share thoughts on any topic, and include others in decisions that involve them (high conversation) as opposed to families that interact less frequently, withhold private thoughts and information, and limit the input to decision making and exchange of ideas (low conversation)” (Flora & Segrin, 2015, p. 93). The conformity orientation describes whether families “encourage similar attitudes, beliefs, and values as well as interdependence and obedience to traditional family structure (high conformity) as opposed to families that value individuality in thought and expressions and independence among family members (low conformity)” (Flora & Segrin, 2015, p. 93).
As described in Table 8.2, Koerner and Fitzpatrick (1997) identify four family conflict climates to describe how parents and children deal with conflict based on being high or low in the conversation and conformity orientation.
.
This document provides summaries of various theories related to family psychology, including attachment theory, family life course theory, family systems theory, role theory, exchange theory, network theory, theory of marital types, feminist theory, social learning theory, attribution/accounts theory, narrative theory, dialectical theory, social construction theory, and symbolic interactionism. It also lists typical courses that may be included in a family psychology program, such as family and marital counseling, family systems, child and adolescent psychology, social psychology, and legal and ethical issues in psychology.
Speaking with a Stranger Intercultural Classrooms Tensions And MChereCheek752
Speaking with a Stranger: Intercultural Classrooms' Tensions And Managing Strategies
.Journal of College Teaching and Learning; Littleton (Sep 2011): 9-17.
An increasing number of Thai students are enrolling in international programs recently with the expectation of real-life intercultural learning experiences. Most teachers in intercultural classrooms in Thailand are native English-speaking teachers who come from different cultures and have different perspectives. These teachers' roles, teaching styles and relationships with their Thai students all impact instructional success and achievement in an intercultural classroom. Conflicts and tensions are expected in an intercultural classroom where diverse cultures meet. In order to enhance the quality of international education and explore classroom interactions, relationships, and conflicts; this study used qualitative in-depth inten'iews with 20 native Englishspeaking teachers and 20 Thai students at four international colleges in Thailand. The results indicate that when native English-speaking teachers and Thai students interacted, they encountered 3 dialectical tensions: stability/change, openness/closedness, and separation/connection. Additionally, they employed 6 different strategies; selection, cyclical alteration, segmentation, integrative reframing, integrative moderation, and indifference; to negotiate those tensions.
Keywords: Intercultural Classroom; Dialectical Tension; Native-English Speaking Teacher; Thai Student
INTRODUCTION
An effective educational system allows people to have a higher quality of life because higher educational attainment enables students to have more opportunities at their desired careers. Accordingly, most countries try to improve their educational system in order to help their people realize their desired career goals. The expected educational system must attempt to provide all levels of students with high-quality and valuable opportunities for education in order to enable them to acquire occupational competencies (Hamilton & Hurrelmann, 1994). Realizing the importance of job opportunities caused by the quality of good education, international programs in Thailand are emerging. International schools are believed to provide high quality education because they feature rigorous academic programs while at the same time exposing students to more global perspectives. Students who study at international schools are, therefore, expected to be good at cultural adaptation and proficient in the primary language taught at schools. In Thailand, the international education system has received a tremendous boost due to the Thai economic boom in the early 1990s (Monthienvichienchai, Bhibulbhanuwat, Kasemsuk, & Speece, 2002). Since then, international schools have been increasingly prevalent along with the continuing need for teachers who are native speakers of English. As a result, sojourners becoming teachers in international schools in Thailand are mostly from the native ...
The document discusses frameworks for understanding family communication. It describes how communication patterns are developed within families and influence relationships, decision-making, and the sharing of information. Families construct shared meanings and communication codes through their interactions. Communication is viewed as a symbolic and transactional process of creating and sharing meanings. Family communication influences cohesion, adaptability, and the development of a collective identity.
Speaking with a Stranger Intercultural Classrooms Tensions And M.docxrafbolet0
Speaking with a Stranger: Intercultural Classrooms' Tensions And Managing Strategies
Kerdchoochuen, Jiraporn, PhD.Journal of College Teaching and Learning; Littleton Vol. 8, Iss. 9, (Sep 2011): 9-17.
An increasing number of Thai students are enrolling in international programs recently with the expectation of real-life intercultural learning experiences. Most teachers in intercultural classrooms in Thailand are native English-speaking teachers who come from different cultures and have different perspectives. These teachers' roles, teaching styles and relationships with their Thai students all impact instructional success and achievement in an intercultural classroom. Conflicts and tensions are expected in an intercultural classroom where diverse cultures meet. In order to enhance the quality of international education and explore classroom interactions, relationships, and conflicts; this study used qualitative in-depth inten'iews with 20 native Englishspeaking teachers and 20 Thai students at four international colleges in Thailand. The results indicate that when native English-speaking teachers and Thai students interacted, they encountered 3 dialectical tensions: stability/change, openness/closedness, and separation/connection. Additionally, they employed 6 different strategies; selection, cyclical alteration, segmentation, integrative reframing, integrative moderation, and indifference; to negotiate those tensions.
Keywords: Intercultural Classroom; Dialectical Tension; Native-English Speaking Teacher; Thai Student
INTRODUCTION
An effective educational system allows people to have a higher quality of life because higher educational attainment enables students to have more opportunities at their desired careers. Accordingly, most countries try to improve their educational system in order to help their people realize their desired career goals. The expected educational system must attempt to provide all levels of students with high-quality and valuable opportunities for education in order to enable them to acquire occupational competencies (Hamilton & Hurrelmann, 1994). Realizing the importance of job opportunities caused by the quality of good education, international programs in Thailand are emerging. International schools are believed to provide high quality education because they feature rigorous academic programs while at the same time exposing students to more global perspectives. Students who study at international schools are, therefore, expected to be good at cultural adaptation and proficient in the primary language taught at schools. In Thailand, the international education system has received a tremendous boost due to the Thai economic boom in the early 1990s (Monthienvichienchai, Bhibulbhanuwat, Kasemsuk, & Speece, 2002). Since then, international schools have been increasingly prevalent along with the continuing need for teachers who are native speakers of English. As a result, sojourners becoming teachers in international s.
Differences Between Genders And Communication EssayMonica Turner
1) Gender differences in communication are prevalent in many contexts like the workplace, relationships, and negotiations.
2) Researchers have found that men and women have different objectives in conversations - women see them as opportunities for connection while men may use them to gain power or compete.
3) The essay will explore some of the key differences between how men and women communicate and the cultural and biological factors that influence these differences.
The document discusses family communication and the family communication process. It defines a family and explains that family communication refers to the exchange of verbal and non-verbal information between family members. The family communication process involves who communicates what message to whom, when, where, and how. It also discusses factors that influence communication like instrumental vs affective messaging, clear vs masked communication, and direct vs indirect communication. The document provides tips for building effective family communication and discusses the importance of communication patterns within families.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of systemic family therapy. It discusses how the field shifted from a modernist to post-modernist perspective. Originally, problems were seen as arising from dysfunctional family relationships and communication patterns, viewing the self as relational. Later approaches emphasized narrative and social constructionism, examining how meaning is constructed through language. Family therapy incorporated ideas from cybernetics, systems theory, and postmodern concepts like pluralism and contextual truth.
The document discusses a fictional multinational energy company called Kickert Global Energy Enterprises (KGEE) that was founded in 1976 and has since expanded internationally. It analyzes KGEE's potential plan to supply oil products to Mexico, including performing a SWOT analysis. Some key points discussed are KGEE's vision/mission, its strategy for global expansion through clearly defined objectives, and the trade issues between the US and Mexico that could impact KGEE's ability to enter the Mexican market.
The Effect of Family Communication Patterns on AdoptedAdoles.docxcherry686017
This document summarizes a study that examined how family communication patterns interact with adoption status to influence adolescent adjustment. The researchers hypothesized that adopted adolescents would be at greater risk for adjustment problems compared to nonadopted adolescents in families with certain communication patterns. They tested this using a sample of 384 adoptive and 208 nonadoptive families. The results supported the hypothesis, finding that adopted adolescents were at significantly greater risk for adjustment problems in families that emphasized conformity without conversation and in families that emphasized neither. Adolescents in families emphasizing conversation were at lower risk, regardless of adoption status.
An Exploratory Investigation Of Jealousy In The FamilyLuisa Polanco
This document summarizes a research study that explored jealousy within family relationships. The study found that over half of respondents reported experiencing a jealousy incident involving a family member, most commonly a sister. Respondents reported feeling hurt, upset, or angry in response. While discussion was a common coping strategy, increased independence was also reported. Jealousy incidents were associated with marginally lower relationship satisfaction. The study provides preliminary insights into the experience and expression of jealousy within families.
Gender socialization and identity theoryArif Putranto
This document discusses gender socialization through the lenses of identity theory and identity control theory. It provides an overview of literature on how families socialize children into gender roles and identities. Specifically, it examines how gender is learned from a young age through cues from families, and how this socialization leads to the development of gendered subcultures and homophily (preference for same-sex interactions). The document argues that identity theory can help explain how gender identities form through this socialization process and are reinforced over the lifespan to maintain the social order.
For this assignment, students will be expected to find and discuss.docxAKHIL969626
For this assignment, students will be expected to find and discuss online news articles published within the last 3 months on any 7 of the following topics:
1. Interracial relationships
2. Homosexuality, bisexuality, or transexuality
3. Family violence
4. Adoption (any aspect)
5. Extra-marital sexuality
6. Births outside of marriage
7. Marriage trends/statistics
8. Blended families
9. Disciplining children
These articles may be from any online news source. Please keep in mind that they must be news articles, not commentaries, editorials, letters to the editor, book reviews, opinion pieces, etc.
Provide the URL for each article you choose and clearly identify each topic you are addressing. Be certain that you note the source of each article including the APA-formatted citation for each article.
For each item, write a brief essay (approximately 400-500 words) in which you do the following:
1. Write a brief summary of the article. This should only be a short paragraph in length. The point is not to repeat everything the article says but to pick out important points and those that relate to information covered in class material.
2. Compare the information in your article with information on that subject covered in your textbook (include page numbers when appropriate). For example, does the information in the article contradict or agree with information presented in your text? How? Why? This is your chance to demonstrate that you know the information on this topic presented in your course material.
3. Discuss which theoretical perspective on the family, as discussed in Chapter 2, is represented/applied in the article. Analyze the topic using the related theory. (This is your opportunity to demonstrate that you understand and can apply the theoretical perspectives in your text.) CHAPTER 2 IS ATTACHED
4. Conclude with your own thoughts on the news article. You might include such thoughts as why this particular topic interested you, if you were surprised by the news, or how you think this issue should be handled by society and why. The point of this part of your essay is to demonstrate that you have reflected on this issue at some length.
As people struggle to understand family-related processes, they develop theories. A theory is a set of statements that explains why a particular phenomenon occurs. Theories drive research; help us analyze our findings; and, ideally, offer solutions for family problems.
One family sociologist compares theories to the fable of the six blind men who felt different parts of an elephant and arrived at different explanations of what elephants were like. The man who felt the side of the elephant compared it to a massive, immovable wall. The man who felt the trunk thought the elephant was like a rope that could move large objects. Similarly, different theories explain different aspects of the elephant—in this case, families (Burr, 1995).
Of the dozen or so most influential ...
The document summarizes the development of family therapy from the mid-1980s to the present. It discusses the shift from constructivism to social constructionism as the main theoretical framework. Social constructionism emphasizes that problems are shaped by language and wider social and cultural contexts rather than just family dynamics. It also focuses on how meanings are jointly constructed through conversations and interactions. The role of the therapist became less about expertise and more about facilitating collaborative conversations. Research studies explored topics like therapeutic processes, outcomes, and comparisons between family therapy and other treatment approaches. The document concludes by connecting the different phases and approaches in family therapy and considering possible future developments.
Exploring the relationsip between diversity and workplace friendshipAlexander Decker
1) The document examines the relationship between diversity (measured by perceived value diversity and diversity climate) and workplace friendship.
2) It presents a literature review on diversity, diversity climate, perceived value diversity, and workplace friendship. Conceptual frameworks on social identity and relational approaches to diversity are discussed.
3) A survey was conducted of 196 employees in Nigeria to examine the hypotheses that diversity climate and perceived value diversity predict and are related to workplace friendship. Statistical analyses found significant relationships between the variables as predicted.
This document provides an introduction to a course on family studies. It defines family in several ways, including as networks of people bound by ties like marriage, blood, or commitment. It discusses examining family from an ecosystem perspective, seeing the family as a complex system that interacts with its environment. Key concepts in human ecological theory are introduced, such as viewing the family as a semi-open, goal-directed, dynamic system that can respond to and modify its environment through adaptation. Different types of modern families are outlined, and changing demographics around marriage, divorce, and household composition in the US are summarized.
Speaking with a Stranger Intercultural Classrooms Tensions And M.docxwilliame8
This document summarizes a study that explored the dialectical tensions and managing strategies between native English-speaking teachers and Thai students in intercultural classrooms in Thailand. The study found that teachers and students encountered three main dialectical tensions: stability/change regarding predictability vs. novelty in the classroom, openness/closedness regarding privacy and directness in teacher-student relationships, and separation/connection regarding distance vs. closeness between teachers and students. The study also identified six strategies used to negotiate these tensions: selection, cyclical alteration, segmentation, integrative reframing, integrative moderation, and indifference.
The document discusses three major theoretical perspectives on families in sociology: functionalist, conflict/feminist, and symbolic interactionist. Functionalist perspectives view families as fulfilling important functions for society such as socialization, economic support, and status allocation. Conflict and feminist perspectives see families as sources of social inequality and sites of conflict between genders and classes. Symbolic interactionist perspectives examine family dynamics and the meanings and interpretations that family members assign to their roles and interactions.
Conflict ClimatesThe idea of a conflict climate refers to the.docxdonnajames55
Conflict Climates
The idea of a conflict climate refers to “the psychological atmosphere impacting a conflict” (Abigail & Cahn, 2011, p. 103). For example, some conflict climates have a harmful atmosphere, others a nurturing atmosphere. Being aware of a conflict climate may require insider knowledge of a social situation because the climate is often subtly revealed in cultural norms, previous experience, and nonverbal expressions (e.g., tone of voice, facial expression). You probably have a good feel for the conflict climate in your own family, given years of experience as a family member. However, think about how you feel spending time with a friend’s or partner’s family for the first time, not knowing what is appropriate to say in what may seem in many ways like a new culture to you.
Family communication climates. Recognizing that children are born into very different communication climates, family communication scholars have set out to explore how conflict climates vary among families as well as the effects of those climates
on children. Based on early work by McLeod and Chaffee (1972), Fitzpatrick and colleagues identified two communication orientations (i.e., conversation orientation and conformity orientation) that influence family conflict climates (Fitzpatrick & Ritchie, 1994; Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2004; Ritchie, 1991). Families can range from being low to high on each orientation. The conversation orientation refers to “the degree to which members interact frequently, openly share thoughts on any topic, and include others in decisions that involve them (high conversation) as opposed to families that interact less frequently, withhold private thoughts and information, and limit the input to decision making and exchange of ideas (low conversation)” (Flora & Segrin, 2015, p. 93). The conformity orientation describes whether families “encourage similar attitudes, beliefs, and values as well as interdependence and obedience to traditional family structure (high conformity) as opposed to families that value individuality in thought and expressions and independence among family members (low conformity)” (Flora & Segrin, 2015, p. 93).
As described in Table 8.2, Koerner and Fitzpatrick (1997) identify four family conflict climates to describe how parents and children deal with conflict based on being high or low in the conversation and conformity orientation.
.
This document provides summaries of various theories related to family psychology, including attachment theory, family life course theory, family systems theory, role theory, exchange theory, network theory, theory of marital types, feminist theory, social learning theory, attribution/accounts theory, narrative theory, dialectical theory, social construction theory, and symbolic interactionism. It also lists typical courses that may be included in a family psychology program, such as family and marital counseling, family systems, child and adolescent psychology, social psychology, and legal and ethical issues in psychology.
Speaking with a Stranger Intercultural Classrooms Tensions And MChereCheek752
Speaking with a Stranger: Intercultural Classrooms' Tensions And Managing Strategies
.Journal of College Teaching and Learning; Littleton (Sep 2011): 9-17.
An increasing number of Thai students are enrolling in international programs recently with the expectation of real-life intercultural learning experiences. Most teachers in intercultural classrooms in Thailand are native English-speaking teachers who come from different cultures and have different perspectives. These teachers' roles, teaching styles and relationships with their Thai students all impact instructional success and achievement in an intercultural classroom. Conflicts and tensions are expected in an intercultural classroom where diverse cultures meet. In order to enhance the quality of international education and explore classroom interactions, relationships, and conflicts; this study used qualitative in-depth inten'iews with 20 native Englishspeaking teachers and 20 Thai students at four international colleges in Thailand. The results indicate that when native English-speaking teachers and Thai students interacted, they encountered 3 dialectical tensions: stability/change, openness/closedness, and separation/connection. Additionally, they employed 6 different strategies; selection, cyclical alteration, segmentation, integrative reframing, integrative moderation, and indifference; to negotiate those tensions.
Keywords: Intercultural Classroom; Dialectical Tension; Native-English Speaking Teacher; Thai Student
INTRODUCTION
An effective educational system allows people to have a higher quality of life because higher educational attainment enables students to have more opportunities at their desired careers. Accordingly, most countries try to improve their educational system in order to help their people realize their desired career goals. The expected educational system must attempt to provide all levels of students with high-quality and valuable opportunities for education in order to enable them to acquire occupational competencies (Hamilton & Hurrelmann, 1994). Realizing the importance of job opportunities caused by the quality of good education, international programs in Thailand are emerging. International schools are believed to provide high quality education because they feature rigorous academic programs while at the same time exposing students to more global perspectives. Students who study at international schools are, therefore, expected to be good at cultural adaptation and proficient in the primary language taught at schools. In Thailand, the international education system has received a tremendous boost due to the Thai economic boom in the early 1990s (Monthienvichienchai, Bhibulbhanuwat, Kasemsuk, & Speece, 2002). Since then, international schools have been increasingly prevalent along with the continuing need for teachers who are native speakers of English. As a result, sojourners becoming teachers in international schools in Thailand are mostly from the native ...
The document discusses frameworks for understanding family communication. It describes how communication patterns are developed within families and influence relationships, decision-making, and the sharing of information. Families construct shared meanings and communication codes through their interactions. Communication is viewed as a symbolic and transactional process of creating and sharing meanings. Family communication influences cohesion, adaptability, and the development of a collective identity.
Speaking with a Stranger Intercultural Classrooms Tensions And M.docxrafbolet0
Speaking with a Stranger: Intercultural Classrooms' Tensions And Managing Strategies
Kerdchoochuen, Jiraporn, PhD.Journal of College Teaching and Learning; Littleton Vol. 8, Iss. 9, (Sep 2011): 9-17.
An increasing number of Thai students are enrolling in international programs recently with the expectation of real-life intercultural learning experiences. Most teachers in intercultural classrooms in Thailand are native English-speaking teachers who come from different cultures and have different perspectives. These teachers' roles, teaching styles and relationships with their Thai students all impact instructional success and achievement in an intercultural classroom. Conflicts and tensions are expected in an intercultural classroom where diverse cultures meet. In order to enhance the quality of international education and explore classroom interactions, relationships, and conflicts; this study used qualitative in-depth inten'iews with 20 native Englishspeaking teachers and 20 Thai students at four international colleges in Thailand. The results indicate that when native English-speaking teachers and Thai students interacted, they encountered 3 dialectical tensions: stability/change, openness/closedness, and separation/connection. Additionally, they employed 6 different strategies; selection, cyclical alteration, segmentation, integrative reframing, integrative moderation, and indifference; to negotiate those tensions.
Keywords: Intercultural Classroom; Dialectical Tension; Native-English Speaking Teacher; Thai Student
INTRODUCTION
An effective educational system allows people to have a higher quality of life because higher educational attainment enables students to have more opportunities at their desired careers. Accordingly, most countries try to improve their educational system in order to help their people realize their desired career goals. The expected educational system must attempt to provide all levels of students with high-quality and valuable opportunities for education in order to enable them to acquire occupational competencies (Hamilton & Hurrelmann, 1994). Realizing the importance of job opportunities caused by the quality of good education, international programs in Thailand are emerging. International schools are believed to provide high quality education because they feature rigorous academic programs while at the same time exposing students to more global perspectives. Students who study at international schools are, therefore, expected to be good at cultural adaptation and proficient in the primary language taught at schools. In Thailand, the international education system has received a tremendous boost due to the Thai economic boom in the early 1990s (Monthienvichienchai, Bhibulbhanuwat, Kasemsuk, & Speece, 2002). Since then, international schools have been increasingly prevalent along with the continuing need for teachers who are native speakers of English. As a result, sojourners becoming teachers in international s.
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Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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1. Rational Dialects Theory in
Families
Abstract
This paper will explore Lyn and Richard’s ‘Perspectives on Family
Communication’ (2005). It will emphasize on the role of communication
in the creation and solving of issues in a family. The paper will draw
from different literatures authored by different scholars on the basis of
the theory of relational dialectics in families. The assertion of dialectical
scholars is that while in a relationship, people should reflect on
concrete ways or practical strategies that are used by individuals in
endorsing or acting in response to contradictions. The adoption of the
interdisciplinary approach will enable this paper to explain changes in
families’ demographics which have caused a decline in marriage rates.
This has led to increased child poverty, same-sex marriages, and single
parenting. The paper concludes that the future studies can be based on
the family communication’s literature that exists currently as well as
relational dialectics in studying interaction contexts where
communication can occur among the contemporary families in an
attempt to handle existing contradictions in the family setting.
Introduction
Family studies’ field is intricate and it has overlapping disciplines and
acquisition areas. Over the past 30 years, several debates have been
held by scholars on various issues that relate to family communication.
Due to this study’s nature, some scholars have taken narrower
approaches to tackle specific communication aspects. The study by
Lynn and Richard (2005) was not narrowed down. Instead, it focused on
the entire family communication perspective. They began by focusing
2. on this communication via definitions whose aim was to explain the
theories and concepts in details. As a way of drawing attention to
communication’s responsibility in generating and getting deeper into
the issues of family communication, ‘Perspectives on Family
Communication’ reveals methodically the sudden increase in the
research literature on family communication. Communication’s
theoretical work is important in the conceptualization of the modern
family’s characteristics. Just as the name suggests, dialectical theory
within the family context describes the understanding of incongruous
elements of families’ relationships.
The ‘Perspectives on Family Communication’ is examined in this paper.
The argument of the authors is that there are no family ties or relations
that can lack conflicts. They emphasize on communication’s role in the
creation and solving of issues in the family. According to Lyn and
Richard (2005), family is a unit and families differ. The authors provide
the methodological approach that is used in tackling this subject.
Further, these authors define family communication and family
culture’s perspectives. According to them, a family is a self-defined
group made of intimates who establish and sustain themselves via their
interactions as well as interactions with the others. Fitzpatrick & Ritchie
(1993) conversely argue that the society has reconsidered the definition
of the word family due to several sociological changes. The
relationships are involuntarily or voluntarily. For example, while
marriage can be seen as voluntary, blood relations among people are
unintentional. The emphasis of Vangelisti (1993) is on the fact that
relations in a family are involuntary. Solving problems in them is almost
impossible because complex emotions and histories influence them. As
such, Lynn et, al. (2005) and Fitzpatrick et al. (1993) posit a similar
argument as they try to describe family relations’ nature.
Overview of Relational Dialectics and Dialectical Tensions
3. There are different related opposites and tensions that are always
eminent in relationships that are dealt with in relational dialectics.
Differences may be assumed negative or positive in families.
Nevertheless, words like dilemma, negotiation or tension are in most
cases seen as negative. These exist when people have a relationship
(Rebecca & Emily, 2012). If a person employs dialectical reasoning, it
emerges to them that such adversaries’ occurrence is intrinsic in a
relationship and it ought not to be seen as an issue or a negative trend.
Supposing a member of a family faces such an issue, should it be taken
to mean that such a person can be relied on? Is it right to share
information with such a person? Alternatively, will I be right by
suggesting at this point of a relationship? These are critical questions
when it comes to comprehending relational dialectics because they put
a person in the situation of another. The suggestion of most literatures
is that relationships are successful after addressing cases that relate to
these dialectical tensions (Larry, 2000). Majority of dialectical
scholarships have four major concepts. These are change, Praxis,
totality and contradiction.
William Schutz, a psychologist notes that there are three important
requirements of individuals in relationships. These are affection,
control and inclusion. A question that lingers in mind is, suppose these
requirements are not met, what happens? People tend to establish
tension and contradiction in a family. This is sometimes a hindrance in a
relationship and it affects long-term development.
In fact, individuals in families have varying characters. Consequently,
one can correctly say that as a family component, there are difficulties
bundles especially in communication. Communication plays a vital role
in the creation of a lasting and productive family relationship (Lynn &
Richard, 2005). The essence of communication is appreciated by some
individuals while others do not appreciate it. This depends on
characters as well as mood. As such, the needs that should be managed
in a way that accommodates different people exist if bad outcomes are
4. to be avoided or circumspection in regards to relations in the family in
the future. Nevertheless, it should be noted that there are different
definitions of different scholars though they are all focused on
communication and relation within the family unit. According to Lyn
and Richard (2005), all communications in a family context exists within
cultural perspectives. Call culture’s communication exists and it
happens in a family context. Lynn and Richard (2005) give the definition
of culture as the historically shared system that comprises of the
symbolic resources via which people make the world meaningful. As
such, culture is understood as being instrumental in the understanding
of a person of the way groups come together to form communities on
the basis of widespread symbols, verbal communication, foods, belief
systems and religious conviction.
Theorists and researchers after dedicating work to family usually agree
that social controls, behaviors and ethics affect family structures and
these have undergone several changes over the past two decades
(Fitzpatrick & Ritchie, 1993; Larry, 2000). Families are able to endure
such changes and this means that they can adjust and how members of
a family communicate facilitates their agility. This introduces the
essence of communication within a family setup in regards to the
existing challenges. Considering these challenges, comprehensive
family communication’s clarification makes considering both
interactivity and inter-subjectivity necessary (Fitzpatrick & Ritchie,
1993; Owen, 1998). This implies that communication ought to include a
cognitive factor elucidating the way responses are generated, formed
and upheld by family members in a family to the actions of one
another. As such, the approach that a family uses in sustaining its
structure using patterns of responses that are produced by family
members to the actions of each other during communication is
illustrated by interactivity.
However, the authors also argue that communication plays a vital role
in family life today because individual relationships prospects have
5. changed slowly and these changes are inevitable. Family members’
upbringing occurs mostly during non-verbal communication and verbal
exchanges in the family set up. Larry (2000) posited this idea as well in
his research about the essence of contradiction and communication in
a family set up. Both Rebecca et, al. (2012) and Leslie (2004)
established in their studies that communication within families
enhances the feeling of security among young people. It also makes
them feel that their parents value them even when there are
contradictions.
Several family stories have been involved by these authors featuring a
member of a family or several members of a family. The stories depict a
sequence and they show quality drama that accompanies conflict or
suspense. These require negotiation that involves the stories versions
of the other members of the family (Rawlins, 1992; Mumby, 2001).
These stories are used to establish links between the current and the
future events in regards to the nature of conflicts that are experienced
by families.
The assertion of the authors is that families’ demographics have
changed. As such, there has been a decline in marriage rates and this
has caused an increase in same-sex marriages, child poverty and single
parenting among others.
Lynn & Richard (2005) however assert that there are no many
difficulties that are faced by step-families in communication since
inception. Communication use has been ignored by most families in
their setups because of different activities and schedules of their
members. Failure to use communication within a family leads to
problems because individuals do not share emotions and ideas. These
are what make solving differences possible. Lynn and Richard (2005) try
to explain the important role of communication among family members
as well as the way it ought to be handled in the third chapter of the
book. Their argument is that a family should have rules for governing
how communication is used in order to be effective.
6. How families address dialectical tensions in a family set up
The assertion of dialectical scholars is that while having a relationship,
individuals should reflect on concrete ways or practical strategies via
which people act and endorse in response to contradictions. Further,
they show that there are responses that have more use in a
relationship. Among the strategies that have been categorized as
unproductive by the scholars is denying the existence of contradiction
(Rebecca & Emily, 2012; Baxter & West, 2003). Those are the kind of
unproductive strategies that play a role in pulling different families
backwards in terms of developmental directions. The argument of the
authors is that individuals’ religious convictions within a family play a
vital in helping families cope with contradictions. According to
Rebbecca and Emily (2012) and Lynn and Richard (2005), diversity in
communication in a family, family communication’s challenges, changes
in the world and family communication’s value in the society are
important in the management of contradictions within a family as well
as the societal settings.
Strengths and weakness of the material used
In discussing family conception concept, the authors use different
literatures. However, they should define the communication concept in
order to use it in form of an effect or reason for their research. To most
researchers, it is important to have distinguishable boarders or
boundaries dividing communication concept in general as well as the
family setting’s communication. The way communication exists
between families differs. As such, it ought to be handled in a careful
manner while focusing on the essence of communication when it
comes to solving different family problems. Previous literature and
research has been used to build the findings and argument which is
important in passing the intended message and introducing new
7. arguments which make conducting further research on this subject
necessary.
Direction for future area of study
Communication theory’s application is vital when it comes to
understanding family communication. Despite the existence of several
studies that have been done on this subject, there is work that needs to
be done in this field. The focus of the future step in the study of
Relational Dialectics Theory within Families should be on the
identification of the interaction challenges that different families face in
regards to the changes in the family demographics. Various family
setups experience differences in communication. They also have
different experiences in regards to this communication. They also
originate from different socio-cultural or contextual surroundings.
Family studies’ field is intricate with various disciplines that overlap as
well as the inquisition areas. Changes in the family context as well as
the environment will impact on the approaches that will be embraced
in handling family contradictions. Using focus groups and interviews in
the future research will enhance the creation of preliminary
comprehension of the practical solutions that are required by the new
families’ demographics. The studies can address the issues of the
communication modes that can be effective in solving as well as
creating issues that will be found in different family demographics.
Communication is a field that is capable of chipping into
comprehension of causes of the decline in the recognition of dialectical
tensions that cause differences in marriages among partners in a
relationship as founded on behaviors of individuals, differences in
states behavior and expected behavior. Efforts will be re-focused on
behaviors of the participants and interpersonal skills by dialectical
approach to the interpersonal interactions that involve participants
from various families. This will lead to a family unit that is more
accommodative to variations in family demography. Future studies may
8. be built on relational dialectics and family communication that already
exists in studying instructional contexts where contemporary families
may communicate while trying to handle contradiction that exists in a
family. They should also try to answer questions like how people take
actions or make choices as well as how the choices recreate, create or
change dialectics in regard to the explanation of interactions in the
contemporary family.
Conclusion
It is impossible to assume the role that is played by communication in
solving and creating problems in a family due to the changes in the
modern family’s nature. The role that communication plays in a family
today should be acknowledged for positive results to be achieved for all
family members. Considering that communication exists within the
cultural perspective in a family context and that communication of call
culture occurs in a family, culture should be included in communication.
Further research ought to be done in relation to this topic considering
that family demographic and environment is always changing. This will
help in understanding communication in the context of a family clearer.
References
Baxter, L. A., & West, L. (2003). Couple perceptions of their similarities
and differences: A
dialectical perspective. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships ,
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Fitzpatrick, M. A., & Ritchie, D. L. (1993). Communication Theory and
the Family. Source book
of Family Theories and Methods , 565-589 .
9. Larry, A. E. (2000). Perceptions of dialectical contradictions in marital
conflict. Journal of
Social and Personal Relationships , 17 (4-5), 638–659.
Leslie, A. B. (2004). A Tale of Two Voices: Relational Dialectics
Theory. The Journal of Family
Communication , 181–192.
Lynn, H. T., & Richard, L. W. (2005). Perspectives on Family
Communication. McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages.
Mumby, D. K. (2001). Theorizing resistance in organization studies: A
dialectical approach.
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Owen, W. F. (1998). Interpretive themes in relational
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Rawlins, W. K. (1992). Friendshipmatters: Communication,dialectics,and
the life course. New
Jersey: TransactionPublishers.
Rebecca, J. D., & Emily, M. J. (2012). Using Relational Dialectics to
Address Differences in
Community-Campus Partnerships. Journal of Higher Education
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dialects-theory-in-families/#sthash.Ui64OMMs.dpuf