This document discusses a seminar presentation on the importance of boron in plant nutrition. It covers boron's discovery, its essentiality for plant growth, functions in plants like cell wall formation and membrane integrity. Deficiency symptoms in different crops are described. The document discusses boron uptake mechanisms in plants, effects on flowering, yield and other growth parameters. Boron deficiency and toxicity symptoms and management practices are summarized.
Potential of Discaria Americana for metal immobilization on soils amended wit...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Zubillaga M, Cusato M. 2009. Potential of Discaria Americana for metal immobilization on soils amended with biosolid and ash-spiked biosolids. International Journal of Phytoremediation (Taylor & Francis, Inc., 325 Chestnut Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19106), 11:1–13, (Print ISSN: 1522-6514; Online ISSN: 1549-7879).
isolation and characterization of pgpr from paper mill effluent infested areaijtsrd
Paper and pulp industry are considered as 17th most polluting industry due to its highly coloured and toxic wastewater discharge in the environment. A number of heavy metals get mixed within the agricultural soil through the paper mill discharge. These heavy metals are potent phytotoxic and they have huge negative impact on plant health. To minimize these impacts and to improve crop health deliberate application of chemical fertilizers is very common in present days but these chemical fertilizers are destroying the soil and plant health tremendously. In this situation rhizosphere researches suggest the concept of the application of PGPR. The group of root colonizing bacteria which enhance plant growth and development are called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria PGPR . This group of bacteria improve plant’s growth by direct as well as indirect mechanisms. These mechanisms involve IAA production, siderophore production, soil structure formation, decomposition of organic matter, solubilization of minerals, degrading organic pollutants, biocontrol of seed borne pathogens etc. In present study we have focused on isolation and characterization of PGPRs from paper mill effluent infested soil. Ananya Roy Chowdhury "Isolation and Characterization of PGPR from Paper Mill Effluent Infested Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32930.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/32930/isolation-and-characterization-of-pgpr-from-paper-mill-effluent-infested-area/ananya-roy-chowdhury
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Green Manure of Leucaena leucoceph...BRNSS Publication Hub
White yam (Dioscorea rotundata) was planted in the abandoned quarry to determine the growth and yield effects of mycorrhizal fungi, green manure, and other soil amendments. Seed yams were planted on the heaps (1 m × 1 m) in three replicates and three blocks. Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, green manure of Gliricidia sepium (GS), poultry manure, and NPK fertilizer influence yam’s shoot, root, and tuber weights. It was further observed that the combined treatments of GS and Leucaena leucocephala had better enhancement of growth and yield characters of yam. Biofertilizers together with plant and animal remains are therefore recommended for the bioremediation of quarry and other areas affected by natural, human, or ecological activities.
Potential of Discaria Americana for metal immobilization on soils amended wit...Silvana Torri
Como citar este trabajo
Torri S, Zubillaga M, Cusato M. 2009. Potential of Discaria Americana for metal immobilization on soils amended with biosolid and ash-spiked biosolids. International Journal of Phytoremediation (Taylor & Francis, Inc., 325 Chestnut Street, Suite 800, Philadelphia, PA 19106), 11:1–13, (Print ISSN: 1522-6514; Online ISSN: 1549-7879).
isolation and characterization of pgpr from paper mill effluent infested areaijtsrd
Paper and pulp industry are considered as 17th most polluting industry due to its highly coloured and toxic wastewater discharge in the environment. A number of heavy metals get mixed within the agricultural soil through the paper mill discharge. These heavy metals are potent phytotoxic and they have huge negative impact on plant health. To minimize these impacts and to improve crop health deliberate application of chemical fertilizers is very common in present days but these chemical fertilizers are destroying the soil and plant health tremendously. In this situation rhizosphere researches suggest the concept of the application of PGPR. The group of root colonizing bacteria which enhance plant growth and development are called Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria PGPR . This group of bacteria improve plant’s growth by direct as well as indirect mechanisms. These mechanisms involve IAA production, siderophore production, soil structure formation, decomposition of organic matter, solubilization of minerals, degrading organic pollutants, biocontrol of seed borne pathogens etc. In present study we have focused on isolation and characterization of PGPRs from paper mill effluent infested soil. Ananya Roy Chowdhury "Isolation and Characterization of PGPR from Paper Mill Effluent Infested Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd32930.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/botany/32930/isolation-and-characterization-of-pgpr-from-paper-mill-effluent-infested-area/ananya-roy-chowdhury
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Green Manure of Leucaena leucoceph...BRNSS Publication Hub
White yam (Dioscorea rotundata) was planted in the abandoned quarry to determine the growth and yield effects of mycorrhizal fungi, green manure, and other soil amendments. Seed yams were planted on the heaps (1 m × 1 m) in three replicates and three blocks. Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that Glomus mosseae, Glomus etunicatum, green manure of Gliricidia sepium (GS), poultry manure, and NPK fertilizer influence yam’s shoot, root, and tuber weights. It was further observed that the combined treatments of GS and Leucaena leucocephala had better enhancement of growth and yield characters of yam. Biofertilizers together with plant and animal remains are therefore recommended for the bioremediation of quarry and other areas affected by natural, human, or ecological activities.
A study on physiological, anatomical characterization of selected carrot plan...Innspub Net
Carrots were first used for medical purposes and gradually used as food. It is also a good source of magnesium and manganese. Cadmium is a nonessential element that adversely affects plant growth and development. It is considered as one of the significant pollutants due to its high toxicity and more solubility in water. Experiment was conducted in Old Botanical Garden of University of Agriculture Faisalabad to check the response of carrot genotypes grown under Cadmium Chloride stress (0µM, 10µM, 15µM and 20µM). Variety of carrot (gajar) used was Red Gold. Seeds were sown in 12 pots, which were filled with sand, in 2nd week of November. Germination observed after one week of sowing. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Seeds of carrot (red gold) were purchased from Ayyub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad and sown directly in the plastic pot. 8 seeds per pot were distributed. Hogland solution was also applied to replicates and then I applied Cadmium Chloride stress to the plants to start my experiment. Cadmium stress decreased the uptake and distribution of essential elements in plant. Studies had revealed that heavy metals cause adverse effects on plant growth, which further lead to decrease plant yield and inhibition of enzymatic activities.In the present study, plant growth characteristics, root length and shoot length decreased under Cd stress. In fact, salt stress decreased all attributes in carrot when the concentrations of Cadmium chloride increased higher and higher.
Effects of β-cyclodextrin on in vitro rooting and bulbing of lilium (Lilium l...Premier Publishers
The auxins liability often limits expected effects on in vitro culture of plant tissues. In this regard, β-cyclodextrine was used as protective substance to auxins in order to improve rooting and in vitro bulbing of lily (Lilium longiflorum L.). This oligosaccharide was added at a concentration of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l to the rooting medium containing mineral and vitamin additives of Murashige and Skoog (MS), 1.5 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 30 g/l of sucrose and 6 g/l of agar. After 30 days of culture, in order to enhance in vitro bulbe formation, a liquid medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopuine (BAP) was added to form a double phase (solid / liquid) media. The results obtained showed that β-cyclodextrin improves the rooting of lily in vitro shoots. Indeed, the average number of roots increases from 5.64 to 7.20 roots per vitro-plant in the medium supplemented with β-cyclodextrin and root length increased from 1.72 to 2.2 cm compared to control.
There are 7 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients [boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl)] NIckel (Ni
Unveiling The Crucial Role Of Cobalt In PlantHimanshu Pandey
Cobalt is a transition metal located in the fourth row of the periodic table and is a neighbour of iron and nickel. It has been considered as an essential element for prokaryotes, human beings, and other mammals, but its essentiality for plants remains untouched. Co is essential for the growth of many lower plants, such as marine algal species as well as for higher plants in the family Fabaceae or _Leguminosae.
The essentiality to leguminous plants is attributed to its role in nitrogen (N) fixation by symbiotic microbes, primarily rhizobia. Co is an integral component of cobalamin or vitamin B12, which is required by several enzymes involved in N2 fixation. In addition to symbiosis, a group of N2 fixing bacteria known as diazotrophs is able to situate in plant tissue as endophytes or closely associated with roots of plants including economically important crops. Their action in N2 fixation provides crops with the macronutrient of N. Co are a component of several enzymes and proteins, participating in plant metabolism. Plants may exhibit Co deficiency if there is a severe limitation in Co supply. Conversely, Co is toxic to plants at higher concentrations. High levels of Co result in pale-colored leaves, discolored veins, and the loss of leaves and can also cause iron deficiency in plants.
— Field experiment was conducted to study the impact of sulfur (S) and boron (B) on yield and yield component of broccoli. Sulfur was applied @ 0 (control), 20 and 40 kg ha-1 as elemental sulfur while B was applied at the rate 0, 1 and 1.5 kg ha-1 as borax along with a basal dose of N,P and K @ 120, 90 and 60 kg ha-1. All the fertilizers were applied at the time of sowing. The experimental design used was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data on plant height, number of leaves, flower diameter, head yield and biological mass were recorded along with S and B concentration in soil after crop harvesting. The result revealed that yield and yield parameter increased with increasing levels of S and B with higher head yield, flower diameter and plant height were observed when 40 kg ha-1 S and 1.5 kg ha-1 B were applied. It was further noted that head yield and head diameter were non-significant when averaged across the B treatment between 20 and 40 kg ha-1 applied S but significant from control. Similarly, when the yield parameters were average across the S treatment, there was a significant and linear increase with higher B level. Soil analysis showed that both B an S concentration in soil increased by increasing level of applied S and B. So the optimum level of S and B for broccoli was 40 and 1.5 kg ha-1 respectively for higher yield of broccoli.
what is micronutrients, role of mns,deficiency symptom due to unavailability of mns,use of mns, effect on seed development and seedling estabishment, effect on seed storage, effect on seed viability and vigor,
Biochar impact on physiological and biochemical attributes of spinachGJESM Publication
Disastrous effect of nickel on spinach was discussed by number of authors but the effect of amendments like biochar with nickel on Spinacea oleraceaL. is not still discussed by any author of the world because biochar was used as soil amendments which play a vital role in reducing mobilization and uptake of nickel by spinach plants. As nickel contaminated plants are very harmful for the consumption by living organisms. Nickel can be gathered in agronomic soils by anthropogenic actions such as Ni-Cd batteries. In this study, the growth, physiological, photosynthetic and biochemical responses of Spinacia oleracea grown in Ni-spiked soil (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg Ni/Kg soil) at three levels of cotton-sticks-derived biochar “CSB” (0, 3 and 5 %) were evaluated. The results exposed significant decrease in growth, photosynthetic, physiological, and biochemical traits of S. oleracea when grown in Ni-polluted soil. However, this decrease was less pronounced in CSB amended soil. A steady rise in the MDA (0.66 µg/g to 2.08 µg g-1), ascorbic acid (1.24 mg/g to 1.57 mg/g)and sugar concentrations (1.73 mg/g to 2.16 mg/g)was observed with increased concentration of Ni. The increasing percentages of CSB from 3 % to 5 % decreased Ni concentrations in root and shoot of experimental plant. Higher production of chlorophyll, amino acids and protein with CSB amendment looked like alleviation in Ni toxicity. Therefore, it is concluded that, Ni toxicity and availability to the plants can be reduced by CSB amendments.
A Review on Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Ameliorating Salinity Stressijtsrd
Salinity is a biotic stress which is constraint for the plant growth and development, putting agriculture productivity and food security under stress globally. Potential use of plant growth promoting bacteria PGPB ameliorating the salinity stress through number of mechanisms evoking multipronged physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. By developing the novel inoculum for saline soil based on the recent studies concepts can be a sustainable approach in ameliorating productivity of affected agricultural land and food by simultaneously remediating salinity affected agricultural land. The metabolic and genetic properties of the PGPB have direct role in eliminating the harmful effect of salinity. Various mechanism of PGPB includes modification in cell wall cell membrane, development of various enzymes, production of protein performing various metabolic function, production of osmolytes, siderophore production, improving the level of phytohormones auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, gibberellin , Exopolysaccharide EPS production. In spite of overwhelming advantages exact mechanism of PGPB ameliorating saline stress is not known so it is field to further investigate. Metaliya Divya | Bhadaniya Nidhi | Patel Aakruti | Rathod Zalak. R | Saraf Meenu S "A Review on Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Ameliorating Salinity Stress" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38531.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/38531/a-review-on-plant-growth-promoting-bacteria-ameliorating-salinity-stress/metaliya-divya
Effect of increasing doses of waste on the bioaccumulation of trace metal ele...Open Access Research Paper
Corn could accumulate toxic elements. To assess the potential for corn accumulation, plots were made and organised according to a completely randomised block. Increasing doses of waste 0, 20, 40 and 60t/ha constituted the various treatments. Heavy metal trace levels of soil samples before and after harvest and biomass were determined. The results of the analyses show that the waste produced was contaminated and contributed to increase the copper and zinc content of the pre-seeded soils from 18.22 to 26.25mg/kg and from 15.16 to 63.92mg/kg of soil, respectively. In general, soil heavy metal levels are not above the contamination limit. However, at maize, the levels are higher than the contamination limit for human and animal consumption. Values range from 5.56mg/kg for cadmium, 27.75 to 30.06mg/kg for copper, 13.83 to 42.59mg/kg for lead, 18.78 to 28.41mg/kg for zinc. So, corn is an accumulating plant.
The effect of rhizosphere growth promoter bacteria on enzymes activities of H...Innspub Net
Soils and accumulated materials are resources of heavy metals, which are available for absorbance by plants. One
of the potential methods for eliminating heavy metals from polluted places includes usage of resistance creature
to metals which are able to accumulate and absorb high amount of material. Present study was carried out in a
greenhouse format in completely accidental plots with 4 times repetition and 2 plants of Hordeum vulgare and Brassica napus. This experiment was done in 2011 in Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. Variance analysis results showed significant effect of pb levels, growth promoters bacteria and interaction effects of them on capabilities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes (P<0.01). Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-10-may-2014/
The effect of rhizosphere growth promoter bacteria on enzymes activities of H...Innspub Net
Soils and accumulated materials are resources of heavy metals, which are available for absorbance by plants. One
of the potential methods for eliminating heavy metals from polluted places includes usage of resistance creature
to metals which are able to accumulate and absorb high amount of material. Present study was carried out in a
greenhouse format in completely accidental plots with 4 times repetition and 2 plants of Hordeum vulgare and Brassica napus. This experiment was done in 2011 in Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. Variance analysis results showed significant effect of pb levels, growth promoters bacteria and interaction effects of them on capabilities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes (P<0.01).
Micronutrients: role and management in fruit crops (2nd doctoral seminar:Panc...Panchaal Bhattacharjee
Micronutrient deficiency is a key isssue to be addressed for sustainable fruit crop production. Here individual micronutrients are discussed in details regarding their role and mangement in fruit crops.
A study on physiological, anatomical characterization of selected carrot plan...Innspub Net
Carrots were first used for medical purposes and gradually used as food. It is also a good source of magnesium and manganese. Cadmium is a nonessential element that adversely affects plant growth and development. It is considered as one of the significant pollutants due to its high toxicity and more solubility in water. Experiment was conducted in Old Botanical Garden of University of Agriculture Faisalabad to check the response of carrot genotypes grown under Cadmium Chloride stress (0µM, 10µM, 15µM and 20µM). Variety of carrot (gajar) used was Red Gold. Seeds were sown in 12 pots, which were filled with sand, in 2nd week of November. Germination observed after one week of sowing. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Seeds of carrot (red gold) were purchased from Ayyub Agriculture Research Institute (AARI) Faisalabad and sown directly in the plastic pot. 8 seeds per pot were distributed. Hogland solution was also applied to replicates and then I applied Cadmium Chloride stress to the plants to start my experiment. Cadmium stress decreased the uptake and distribution of essential elements in plant. Studies had revealed that heavy metals cause adverse effects on plant growth, which further lead to decrease plant yield and inhibition of enzymatic activities.In the present study, plant growth characteristics, root length and shoot length decreased under Cd stress. In fact, salt stress decreased all attributes in carrot when the concentrations of Cadmium chloride increased higher and higher.
Effects of β-cyclodextrin on in vitro rooting and bulbing of lilium (Lilium l...Premier Publishers
The auxins liability often limits expected effects on in vitro culture of plant tissues. In this regard, β-cyclodextrine was used as protective substance to auxins in order to improve rooting and in vitro bulbing of lily (Lilium longiflorum L.). This oligosaccharide was added at a concentration of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l to the rooting medium containing mineral and vitamin additives of Murashige and Skoog (MS), 1.5 mg/l of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 30 g/l of sucrose and 6 g/l of agar. After 30 days of culture, in order to enhance in vitro bulbe formation, a liquid medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopuine (BAP) was added to form a double phase (solid / liquid) media. The results obtained showed that β-cyclodextrin improves the rooting of lily in vitro shoots. Indeed, the average number of roots increases from 5.64 to 7.20 roots per vitro-plant in the medium supplemented with β-cyclodextrin and root length increased from 1.72 to 2.2 cm compared to control.
There are 7 essential plant nutrient elements defined as micronutrients [boron (B), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), chlorine (Cl)] NIckel (Ni
Unveiling The Crucial Role Of Cobalt In PlantHimanshu Pandey
Cobalt is a transition metal located in the fourth row of the periodic table and is a neighbour of iron and nickel. It has been considered as an essential element for prokaryotes, human beings, and other mammals, but its essentiality for plants remains untouched. Co is essential for the growth of many lower plants, such as marine algal species as well as for higher plants in the family Fabaceae or _Leguminosae.
The essentiality to leguminous plants is attributed to its role in nitrogen (N) fixation by symbiotic microbes, primarily rhizobia. Co is an integral component of cobalamin or vitamin B12, which is required by several enzymes involved in N2 fixation. In addition to symbiosis, a group of N2 fixing bacteria known as diazotrophs is able to situate in plant tissue as endophytes or closely associated with roots of plants including economically important crops. Their action in N2 fixation provides crops with the macronutrient of N. Co are a component of several enzymes and proteins, participating in plant metabolism. Plants may exhibit Co deficiency if there is a severe limitation in Co supply. Conversely, Co is toxic to plants at higher concentrations. High levels of Co result in pale-colored leaves, discolored veins, and the loss of leaves and can also cause iron deficiency in plants.
— Field experiment was conducted to study the impact of sulfur (S) and boron (B) on yield and yield component of broccoli. Sulfur was applied @ 0 (control), 20 and 40 kg ha-1 as elemental sulfur while B was applied at the rate 0, 1 and 1.5 kg ha-1 as borax along with a basal dose of N,P and K @ 120, 90 and 60 kg ha-1. All the fertilizers were applied at the time of sowing. The experimental design used was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The data on plant height, number of leaves, flower diameter, head yield and biological mass were recorded along with S and B concentration in soil after crop harvesting. The result revealed that yield and yield parameter increased with increasing levels of S and B with higher head yield, flower diameter and plant height were observed when 40 kg ha-1 S and 1.5 kg ha-1 B were applied. It was further noted that head yield and head diameter were non-significant when averaged across the B treatment between 20 and 40 kg ha-1 applied S but significant from control. Similarly, when the yield parameters were average across the S treatment, there was a significant and linear increase with higher B level. Soil analysis showed that both B an S concentration in soil increased by increasing level of applied S and B. So the optimum level of S and B for broccoli was 40 and 1.5 kg ha-1 respectively for higher yield of broccoli.
what is micronutrients, role of mns,deficiency symptom due to unavailability of mns,use of mns, effect on seed development and seedling estabishment, effect on seed storage, effect on seed viability and vigor,
Biochar impact on physiological and biochemical attributes of spinachGJESM Publication
Disastrous effect of nickel on spinach was discussed by number of authors but the effect of amendments like biochar with nickel on Spinacea oleraceaL. is not still discussed by any author of the world because biochar was used as soil amendments which play a vital role in reducing mobilization and uptake of nickel by spinach plants. As nickel contaminated plants are very harmful for the consumption by living organisms. Nickel can be gathered in agronomic soils by anthropogenic actions such as Ni-Cd batteries. In this study, the growth, physiological, photosynthetic and biochemical responses of Spinacia oleracea grown in Ni-spiked soil (0, 25, 50 and 100 mg Ni/Kg soil) at three levels of cotton-sticks-derived biochar “CSB” (0, 3 and 5 %) were evaluated. The results exposed significant decrease in growth, photosynthetic, physiological, and biochemical traits of S. oleracea when grown in Ni-polluted soil. However, this decrease was less pronounced in CSB amended soil. A steady rise in the MDA (0.66 µg/g to 2.08 µg g-1), ascorbic acid (1.24 mg/g to 1.57 mg/g)and sugar concentrations (1.73 mg/g to 2.16 mg/g)was observed with increased concentration of Ni. The increasing percentages of CSB from 3 % to 5 % decreased Ni concentrations in root and shoot of experimental plant. Higher production of chlorophyll, amino acids and protein with CSB amendment looked like alleviation in Ni toxicity. Therefore, it is concluded that, Ni toxicity and availability to the plants can be reduced by CSB amendments.
A Review on Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Ameliorating Salinity Stressijtsrd
Salinity is a biotic stress which is constraint for the plant growth and development, putting agriculture productivity and food security under stress globally. Potential use of plant growth promoting bacteria PGPB ameliorating the salinity stress through number of mechanisms evoking multipronged physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. By developing the novel inoculum for saline soil based on the recent studies concepts can be a sustainable approach in ameliorating productivity of affected agricultural land and food by simultaneously remediating salinity affected agricultural land. The metabolic and genetic properties of the PGPB have direct role in eliminating the harmful effect of salinity. Various mechanism of PGPB includes modification in cell wall cell membrane, development of various enzymes, production of protein performing various metabolic function, production of osmolytes, siderophore production, improving the level of phytohormones auxin, ethylene, cytokinin, abscisic acid, gibberellin , Exopolysaccharide EPS production. In spite of overwhelming advantages exact mechanism of PGPB ameliorating saline stress is not known so it is field to further investigate. Metaliya Divya | Bhadaniya Nidhi | Patel Aakruti | Rathod Zalak. R | Saraf Meenu S "A Review on Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria Ameliorating Salinity Stress" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38531.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/38531/a-review-on-plant-growth-promoting-bacteria-ameliorating-salinity-stress/metaliya-divya
Effect of increasing doses of waste on the bioaccumulation of trace metal ele...Open Access Research Paper
Corn could accumulate toxic elements. To assess the potential for corn accumulation, plots were made and organised according to a completely randomised block. Increasing doses of waste 0, 20, 40 and 60t/ha constituted the various treatments. Heavy metal trace levels of soil samples before and after harvest and biomass were determined. The results of the analyses show that the waste produced was contaminated and contributed to increase the copper and zinc content of the pre-seeded soils from 18.22 to 26.25mg/kg and from 15.16 to 63.92mg/kg of soil, respectively. In general, soil heavy metal levels are not above the contamination limit. However, at maize, the levels are higher than the contamination limit for human and animal consumption. Values range from 5.56mg/kg for cadmium, 27.75 to 30.06mg/kg for copper, 13.83 to 42.59mg/kg for lead, 18.78 to 28.41mg/kg for zinc. So, corn is an accumulating plant.
The effect of rhizosphere growth promoter bacteria on enzymes activities of H...Innspub Net
Soils and accumulated materials are resources of heavy metals, which are available for absorbance by plants. One
of the potential methods for eliminating heavy metals from polluted places includes usage of resistance creature
to metals which are able to accumulate and absorb high amount of material. Present study was carried out in a
greenhouse format in completely accidental plots with 4 times repetition and 2 plants of Hordeum vulgare and Brassica napus. This experiment was done in 2011 in Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. Variance analysis results showed significant effect of pb levels, growth promoters bacteria and interaction effects of them on capabilities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes (P<0.01). Get the full articles at: http://www.innspub.net/volume-4-number-10-may-2014/
The effect of rhizosphere growth promoter bacteria on enzymes activities of H...Innspub Net
Soils and accumulated materials are resources of heavy metals, which are available for absorbance by plants. One
of the potential methods for eliminating heavy metals from polluted places includes usage of resistance creature
to metals which are able to accumulate and absorb high amount of material. Present study was carried out in a
greenhouse format in completely accidental plots with 4 times repetition and 2 plants of Hordeum vulgare and Brassica napus. This experiment was done in 2011 in Islamic Azad University, Karaj branch. Variance analysis results showed significant effect of pb levels, growth promoters bacteria and interaction effects of them on capabilities of Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzymes (P<0.01).
Micronutrients: role and management in fruit crops (2nd doctoral seminar:Panc...Panchaal Bhattacharjee
Micronutrient deficiency is a key isssue to be addressed for sustainable fruit crop production. Here individual micronutrients are discussed in details regarding their role and mangement in fruit crops.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
2. 27 August 2022 Department of SS&AC 2
Importance of boron
in plant nutrition
3. INTRODUCTION
FUNCTIONS OFBORON IN PLANTS
BORON DEFICIENCY
BORON TOXICITY
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
ROLE BORON IN HUMAN NUTRITION
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FLOW OF THE SEMINAR
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In 1808 - Boron was discovered
by Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac &
Louis-Jacques Thenard
Independently by Sir
Humphry Davy, an English
chemist in 1808
One of the 8th essential micronutrient required for normal
growth of most plants in very small quantity & essentiality of
boron in plant nutrition was demonstrated in USA by Katherine
Warrington in 1923.
6. • Boron is electron-deficient, possessing a vacant p-orbital
• Boron family - group 13 & 2nd period
• In this group, five elements namely Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium
and Thallium are included, of which only boron is a metalloid.
• Boron existing as a dark brown to black amorphous powder or
extremely hard black silver-gray, brittle, lustrous metallic crystalline.
• . Boron does not occur in nature as a pure element and so it is always
associated with oxygen in nature. Boron ion is small (r= 0.11Å) and
can occur in both triangular and tetrahedral coordination to oxygen.
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7. Total boron content in Indian soils
Total B content in diversified types of Indian soils varied from
2.8-630 mg kg-1.
Soils in arid and semiarid tropical regions had the highest
contents of boron and the content varied with parent materials.
Total B content in calcareous soils of India reportedly as high
as 83 mg kg-1, while that of the same content in coarse textured
leached soils showed lower B contents
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Prasad et al., 2014
8. Available B content in soils of India ranged from 0.04 to 7.40 mg
kg-1 with a mean value of 1.7 mg kg-1
Out of about 40,000 soil samples. About 4.0, 19.2, 21.5, 12.1, 11.4
and 31.7% area shows acute, deficient, latent deficient, adequate,
high and very high in available B content in Indian soils
respectively.
In general, the magnitude of B deficiency in soils of North-East and
Eastern India is relatively higher.
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FAO, 2018
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Boron content in southern Karnataka
Narayana et al., 2013
10. Total boron concentrations in major rock types
Rock type Boron (mg kg-1 )
Igneous Basic: Gabbro, Basalt 5-20
Intermediate: Diorite 9-25
Acid: Granite, Rhyolite 10-30
Metamorphic Gneiss 10-30
Sedimentary Shale 120-130
Sandstone 30
Limestone & dolomite 20-30
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11. Mineral sources of boron
Ulexite (NaCaB5O9.8H2O) Borax (Na2B4O5(OH)4.8H2O) Colemanite (Na2B4O5(OH)4.8H2O)
Kernite (Na2B4O6(OH)2.3H2O). Tourmaline Kotoite
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13. Factors affecting Boron availability
Soil pH
Soil texture
Soil moisture
Temperature
Boron absorbing surfaces in soils
Oxides
Clay minerals:- Kaolinite < Montmorillonite <
Illite
Calcium carbonate
Organic matter
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Boron adsorption on a surface
and a subsurface sample of an
arid zone soil as a function of pH.
Boron uptake by alfalfa
(Medicago sativa) as a function
of water soluble B for two soil
textures
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Boron adsorption on an arid
zone soil as a function of
temperature.
Boron adsorption on clay
minerals as a function of pH
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Boron adsorption on a reference
calcite as a function of pH
Boron adsorption on a humic
acid extracted from soil
Berg et al., 2002
17. There are three pathways
1. Passive diffusion through plasma membrane
2. Facilitated transport via channel proteins
Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins [NIPs]
(Root epidermis, cortical & endodermal cells)
3. High affinity active transport
Borate transporters [BOR]
(Pericycle cell)
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Mechanism of B uptake
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Mechanism of Boron uptake & transport in plants
H3BO3 , H2BO3
-
Shireen et al., 2018
20. • Typical component of cell wall include cellulose, non-
cellulose, pectin polysaccharides, proteins, phenolic
compounds and water.
• Rhamnogalacturonan II (RGII) is a pectin polysaccharide
where B cross-links two RGII monomers by a borate bridge
and thus provides stability to the cell-wall matrix.
• Limited B supply reduces RGII dimer formation, resulting in
abnormal cell wall formation.
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Ishii et al., 2001
23. • Boron plays an important role in both structural and functional
integrity of plasma membranes.
• In B-deficient plants, plasma membranes are highly leaky and
lose their functional integrity
• Alterations in ion fluxes i.e. H+ , K+ , Rb+ , PO4
-3 , and Ca+2 is
associated with B deficiency
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24. 27 August 2022 Department of SS&AC 24
K transport
Opening & closing of stomata
Photosynthesis &chlorophyll
formation
25. • Boron supply enhances the activity of membrane bound
ATPase
Hyperpolarization
Boron
ATPase
K+ ions uptake
(Opening of stomata)
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Ahmad et al., 2009
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Anther formation
Pollen germination & pollen
tube growth
Flower & Fruit production
27. Effect of different concentrations of B on number of flower Cluster Plant-1 of
Rio Grand and Rio Figue cultivars of Tomato
B (kg/ha) Rio Grand Rio Figue Mean
Control 17.13 16.37 16.75 c
0.5 23.69 22.24 22.97 b
1.0 25.83 23.16 24.50 b
2.0 30.70 24.77 27.73 a
3.0 24.17 26.43 25.30 ab
5.0 25.35 23.16 24.25 b
Mean 24.48 22.69 -
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28. B (kg/ha) Rio Grand Rio Figue Mean
Control 41.64 d 37.91 c 39.77 c
0.5 54.11 b 51.18 bc 52.64 ab
1.0 49.63 c 52.14 bc 50.88 b
2.0 59.34 a 52.32 bc 55.83 a
3.0 51.52 c 49.57 c 50.54 b
5.0 50.54 c 50.01 c 50.27 b
Mean 51.13 48.85 -
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Effect of different concentrations of B on fruit set percentage of
Rio Grand and Rio Figue cultivars of Tomato
Naz et al., 2012
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Wang et al., 2003
Dose-dependent effects of boron on Picea meyeri
pollen germination.
30. Effect of different concentration of B on growth parameters in
Brinjal
Treaments
B (ppm)
No. of flower
buds / plant
No. of flower /
cluster
Total number
of flower
clusters/plant
Total number
of
flowers/plant
50 34.33 b 3.3 b 11.67 b 25.00 bc
100 38.67 a b 3.3 b 13.0 ab 33.67 b
150 47.00 a 5.3 a 16.33 a 43.67 c
Control 27.67 b 2.2 b 11.00 b 19.67 c
F-test 0.0218 0.0152 0.0437 0.0018
LSD 11.059 1.66 3.72 9.367
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Kumuthini et al., 2014
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Weeks after inoculation
Nodule weight in pea root growth with sufficient and
deficient boron supply
Dalton et al., 2009
33. • Uptake rate of phosphate was decreased by B
deficiency, and the reduction in phosphate uptake was
rapidly restored by resupply of B to deficient plant
for 1 h
Faba bean Maize
+B -B +B -B
No boron 112 52 116 66
10-5 M B 152 108 190 171
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Phosphate uptake (n mol g-1 h-1)
Pollard et al., 2005
37. Plant age
(days)
Deficiency
symptoms
Leaf extract Detached leaves
+B
(50µM)
-B
(0.05µM)
+B
(50µM)
-B
(0.05µM)
4 Absent 100 106 100 102
6 Mild 100 442 100 900
8 Severe 100 475 100 1466
10 Very
severe
100 542 100 2200
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Activity of polyphenol oxidase in sunflower leaves
(1mM DOPA as a substrate)
Shelp et al., 2001
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Spectrophotometric analysis dipicting IAA contents of
Triticum durum viz Gediz seedlings grown in different media
containing varying boron levels
Guven et al., 2003
39. BoronDeficiency
With <0.5 ppm usually being deficient
Deficiency symptoms first appear in young growing
parts of the plant
Boron deficiency symptoms appears in both leaf and
fruit.
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40. visual symptoms
The main leaf symptoms are distortion of new leaves
and Young fruit can die or abort and Leaves may be
thickened, curled, and brittle. Stems may also become
cracked.
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B deficiency in potato
41. • The terminal growth shows resetting, die back,
discolouration, necrosis of tips and leaf margins,
elongate, but such symptoms varied with nature and
type of individual crop.
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Brown heart of cauliflower Chaffy grains in wheat
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Chicken and hen
disease in grapes
Hallow stem in broccoli
Carrot, Coffee, Cotton, Grapes, Groundnut, Mustard, Oil
palm, Sugar beet, sunflower, Turnip.
43. • Abnormal cell wall formation
• Altered membrane potential & reduced proton
pumping
• Alters plasma membrane permeability for ions &
solutes
• Increased O2supply in root nodules
• Root growth will be decreased
Effect on cellular functions
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44. Boron Toxicity
>1.5 ppm usually being toxic.
Boron toxicity can arise under excessive
application of boron through fertilizers.
Under low rainfall conditions.
In arid & semi-arid regions with high boron
groundwater.
Peach, Beans, grapes & Fig
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45. Toxicity symptoms
• Leaf margins may develop a red or yellow colour,
which may lead to necrosis, or death of plant tissue.
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Malus spp Grapevine
46. Plant may experience stunted growth, bushy with few
small thinly branched leaves supporting small
chlorotic and curled up leaflets
Boron toxicity symptoms occur in the marginal
region of mature leaves, and these portions become
chlorotic or necrotic
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Brassica rapa var. chinensis Boron toxicity in rice
47. Toxicity effect on cellular functions
Reduced cell division
Lower leaf chlorophyll content & photosynthetic rate
Decreased lignin & suberin levels
Reduced growth of shoots & roots
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Yermiyahu et al., 2007
50. Nutrients Interaction
B × N +Ve in plant
B × K +Ve at B high concentration in soil
-Ve at B low concentration in soil
B × Ca -Ve in alkaline soil and an over-liming
+Ve when microbial activity increases
B × S +Ve
B × P +Ve
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Kumar et al., 2018
51. Occurrence of controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions-related
disorders in boron and calcium treated ‘conference’ pears during a 5-
month CA-storage period at 5 % CO2 + 2 % O2 at -0.5°C.
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52. 27 August 2022 Department of SS&AC 52
Effect of boron and boron + calcium application on ethylene
production of ‘conference’ pears stored for 5 months under CA
conditions (5 % CO2 + 2 % O2 at -0.5°C)
Xuan et al., 2003
53. Effects of the B/Ca2+ ratio on nodulation (B) of pea roots 3 weeks post
inoculation with Rhizobium
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Bolanos et al., 2003
55. 27 August 2022 Department of SS&AC 55
Hosseini et al., 2007
56. • Boron deficiency is identified by
I. Hot water method for soil available B estimation
(0.5-1.5ppm).
II. Plant tissue test (4-74 ppm)
Application methods
i. Soil application
ii. Foliar application
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Management of boron deficiency
57. Fertilizer sources of B
Boron fertilizer Nutrient content (%) Chemical formula
Borox 11 Na2B4O7. 10H2O
Boric acid 17 H3BO3
Colemanite (Portabor) 10-16 Ca2B6O11. 5H2O
Solubor 20-21 Na2B4O7.5H2O +
Na2B10O16. 10H2O
Boron frits 2 – 6 Complex borosilicates
Sodium tetraborate
(Fertilizer Borate-48,
Agribol, Fertibor)
15.2 Na2B4O7. 5H2O
Granubor 14.3 Na2B4O7. 5H2O
Boronated SSP 0.18 -
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58. 27 August 2022 Department of SS&AC 58
B Fertilizer applied
to soil Soil solution
Bounded Boron
Organically bound B
Leaching
Plant
uptake
59. Effect of foliar B application to cotton during anthesis on yield
parameters in two locations (Larissa and Serres)
Treatments No. of bolls
per plant
No of bolls per
m2
Lint yield
(kg/ha)
Seed yield
(kg/ha)
Larissa
0 5.62 a 84.37 a 1135.98 a 1926.5 a
400 6.25 b 93.75 a 1980.7 b 2900.3 b
800 6.56 b 98.44 b 1870.5 b 2535.4 b
1200 7.18 c 107.81 c 2050.8 b 2700.5 b
Serres
0 4.12 a 61.87 a 1282.2 a 1747.8 a
400 5.45 b 81.75 b 2067.9 b 2049.5 b
800 6.35 b 95.25 b 1949.3 b 2040.7 b
1200 5.75 b 86.2 b 2052.3 b 2171.1 b
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Dordas et al., 2007
60. Importance of boron in humans
In human nutrition BORON is classified in the category of
ossible essential element.
Boron intakes above 1 mg day-1 could help people ‘‘live longer
and better.’’
The mean intake of B from dietary supplement for
Children: 0.269 mg day-1
Adolescent : 0.160 mg day-1
Males : 0.174 mg day-1
Females : 0.178 mg day-1
Pregnant and lactating women: 0.148 mg day-1
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61. 27 August 2022 Department of SS&AC 61
Role of boron in humans