Rancangan eksperimen1
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This document outlines various experimental designs and their potential sources of invalidity. It identifies internal invalidity as issues arising from the design itself, like history or maturation. External invalidity refers to issues from outside the design, such as interaction between testing and the experimental treatment. The designs range from single group pre-post tests to randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs with non-equivalent groups. For each design, it lists common internal and external threats to the validity of the results.
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Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
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हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit Innovation
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- 2. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External
- 3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External I Single Group Design 1. One-shot case study - X O 2. One group pretest-posttest O X O History, maturation, selection mortality History, maturation, instrumentation, interaction of selection and other factors Interaction of selection and X Interaction of testing and X, interaction of selection and X
- 4. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External II Control Group Designs with Random Assignment 3. Pretest-posttest control group design R O X O R O X O None Interaction of testing and X
- 5. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External II Control Group Designs with Random Assignment 4. Posttest only control group design R O X O R - O Mortality None
- 6. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External II Control Group Designs with Random Assignment 5. Solomon four group design R O X O R O O R - X O R - O None None
- 7. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External III Quasi Experimental Designs 6. Static group comparison - X O - O Selection, mortality, interactian of selection and maturation Interaction of selection and X
- 8. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External III Quasi Experimental Designs 7. Non-equivalent control group design O X O O O Interactian of selection and maturation, etc. Interaction of testing and X
- 9. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External III Quasi Experimental Designs 8. Time series design design O O O O X O O O O History Interaction of testing and X
- 10. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS AND THEIR SOURCES OF INVALIDITY Design Sources of Invalidity Internal External III Quasi Experimental Designs 9. Counter balanced designs X1O X2O X3O X3O X1O X2O X2O X3O X1O Borg dan Gall, 1977, halaman 375-376 None Multiple treatment interference