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3. RESEARCH DESIGN
RESPONDENTS OF
THE STUDY
INSTRUMENTS OF
THE STUDY

4. ESTABLISHING VALIDITY
& RELIABILITY
STATISTICAL
TREATMENT

6. Threats to Validity

7. INTERNAL VALIDITY

8. 1. Selection Bias 2. Maturation

9. n Bias 2. Maturation 3. Histor

10. uration 3. History 4. Instr

11. ry 4. Instrumentation Change 5. Mortal

12. umentation Change 5. Mortality 6. Testin

13. . Mortality 6. Testing

14. EXTERNAL VALIDITY

15. EXPERIMENTER EFFECT HAWTHORNE EFFECT

16. CT HAWTHORNE EFFECT MEASUREMENT EFFECT

18. 1. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN

19. a. Pretest-posttest controlled group design
𝑹 𝑶𝟏 × 𝑶𝟐 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑹 𝑶𝟏 𝑶𝟐 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
where: R stands for random selection
O1 stands for pretest
02 stands for posttest
X stands for intervention
1. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
b. Posttest-only contr
𝑹 × 𝑶𝟐 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖
𝑹 𝑶𝟐 (𝑐𝑜𝑛
where: R stands for rand
02 stands for p
X stands for int

20. group design
𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
ction
on
1. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
b. Posttest-only controlled group design
𝑹 × 𝑶𝟐 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑹 𝑶𝟐 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
where: R stands for random selection
02 stands for posttest
X stands for intervention
𝑹 𝟎𝟏
𝑹 𝟎𝟏
𝑹
𝑹
where:

21. group design
𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
ction
on
1. TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
roup design
𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑑 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
ection
ion
c. Solomon four-group design
𝑹 𝟎𝟏 × 𝑶𝟐 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑹 𝟎𝟏 𝑶𝟐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑹 × 𝑶𝟐 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑹 𝑶𝟐 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
where: R stands for random selection
O1 stands for pretest
02 stands for posttest
X stands for intervention

22. 2. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN

23. a. Non-equivalent controlled group design
𝑶𝟏 × 𝑶𝟐 𝑒𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑶𝟏 𝑶𝟐 (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
where: O1 stands for pretest
02 stands for posttest
X stands for intervention
2. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
𝟎𝟏 𝟎𝟐 𝟎𝟑 ×
where: 01,02,03 stand
(multiple obser
04,05,06 stand
(multiple obser
b. Time-serie

24. olled group design
𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝
𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑙 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝)
retest
osttest
ervention
2. QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
𝟎𝟏 𝟎𝟐 𝟎𝟑 × 𝟎𝟒 𝟎𝟓 𝟎𝟔
where: 01,02,03 stands for pretest
(multiple observation)
04,05,06 stands for posttest
(multiple observation)
b. Time-series design

25. 3. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL
DESIGN

26. a. One-shot case study
× 𝑶
3. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
b. One-group pretes
𝟎𝟏 ×

27. se study
𝑶
3. PRE-EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
b. One-group pretest-postest design
𝟎𝟏 × 𝟎𝟐

29. 1. Whom the data is collected from

30. 2. Methods to collect the data

31. A. RETROSPECTIVE B. CROSS-SECTIONAL C. LONGITUDINAL

32. A. DESCRIPTIVE B. COMPARATIVE

33. VE B. COMPARATIVE C. CORRELATIONAL

34. C. CORRELATIONAL D. EVALUATIVE

35. 3. Time Orientation

38. About me

40. Objectives

41. MISSION VISION VALUES

43. Portfolio

44. RESEARCH PRACTICE IMPROVEMENT

46. CONCLUSION 1 CONCLUSION 2
Conclusions