A bad ranking occurs when a site has a low position in search engine results and does not appear on the first page. Reasons for a bad ranking include having too many outgoing links, duplicate content on the same site, infrequent updates, spammy links and content, selling PageRank, excessive use of Flash, errors in source code, competitors, multiple sites and domains, and too many links. Keywords should not be written in all caps, use excessive punctuation, be repeated too many times, have spaces between words, or have numbers added. Sites can be blacklisted for using invisible text, keyword stuffing comments, excessive meta keywords, high keyword density, or copying content without permission.