This document discusses various methods for raising capital over the financial life cycle of a firm. It covers early stage financing options like venture capital as well as public equity offerings such as initial public offerings and underwriters. The document also examines the costs of issuing securities, how rights offerings can dilute share value, and methods for issuing long-term debt such as shelf registration.

1. Raising Capital
 The financial life cycle of a firm: Early stages
Financing ,and venture capital
 Selling securities to the public
 Underwriters
 IPOs and under-pricing
 New equity sales and the value of the firm
 The cost of Issuing Securities
 Rights
 Dilution
 Issuing Long-Term Debt
 Shelf Registration