This document provides information about Rainstore3, a subsurface stormwater storage system produced by Invisible Structures, Inc. It describes the key features and benefits of Rainstore3, such as its high storage capacity, flexibility in design, ability to be installed at shallow depths, and convenience of exfiltration. The document also discusses how Rainstore3 can enable development of sites that may otherwise be unable to be built upon due to stormwater management challenges. It then provides guidance on using Rainstore3 for various stormwater applications and outlines a five-step process for designing with Rainstore3.
This document provides information on porous paving systems called Grasspave2 and Gravelpave2. It discusses the history and benefits of porous paving, how the Grasspave2 and Gravelpave2 systems work, and their various applications. The systems are made of plastic rings connected by a flexible grid that allow stormwater to infiltrate while supporting vehicle loading. They have benefits for stormwater management, environment, and aesthetics. Common applications include fire lanes, driveways, parking lots, and paths. Installation involves preparing a base and filling the rings with sand or gravel followed by seeding, sodding, or gravel placement.
The document discusses several drainage and reinforcement products for golf courses including Draincore2 for greens and tees, Grasspave2 for cart paths, Draincore2 for bunkers, Gravelpave2 for gravel cart paths, Slopetame2 for erosion control of water hazards, and Beachrings2 for temporary surface access. The products provide benefits such as improved drainage, reduced maintenance needs, protection of turf and soil, and stable surfaces.
This manual provides guidance on designing and installing rain gardens in Vermont. It explains that rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with native plants that capture stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces and allow it to soak into the ground. The manual outlines the step-by-step process for choosing a location, sizing, designing, installing, and maintaining a rain garden. It includes a plant list and sample planting plans tailored for Vermont's climate zones. The purpose is to help homeowners and others protect water quality in rivers and lakes by reducing and treating stormwater runoff through rain gardens.
Rain gardens are landscaping features that manage stormwater on site by absorbing water and filtering pollutants through their loose, deep soils. Their size can vary and they can fit odd shapes and spaces. They are an excellent method of keeping stormwater on site and out of the sewer system. Maintaining a beautiful rain garden requires regular watering, weeding, and mulching, especially in the first year, to keep the garden looking good and functioning well.
Wisconsin Rain Gardens: A How to Manual for HomeownersSotirakou964
This how-to manual provides homeowners with instructions for designing and building rain gardens on residential properties. It explains that rain gardens are landscaped areas planted with native vegetation that capture rainwater runoff from roofs and allow it to slowly soak into the ground rather than flowing into storm drains. This helps reduce flooding and pollution in local waterways. The manual outlines best practices for siting a rain garden, including positioning it at least 10 feet from homes and avoiding very steep slopes. It also addresses common questions like whether rain gardens breed mosquitoes or require much maintenance.
This document outlines how various products from Invisible Structures can help achieve credits in the LEED green building rating system. It discusses how Grasspave2, Gravelpave2, Rainstore3, Slopetame2, Draincore2 and other permeable paving and stormwater management products can contribute to Stormwater Design, Heat Island Effect reduction, Water Efficiency, and other LEED credits. The products are said to provide environmental benefits like reducing impervious surfaces and pollutant loads while allowing for infiltration and groundwater recharge. They can also help projects comply with environmental laws regarding stormwater management.
This document summarizes guidelines for designing and implementing rain gardens as an alternative stormwater management practice. Rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with native vegetation that filter and infiltrate stormwater runoff from small areas like rooftops and driveways. The summary provides details on the components and functions of rain gardens, their recommended applications for residential properties, benefits, feasibility considerations, and guidance on sizing rain gardens based on water quality volume calculations.
Green Infrastructure Design Principles and ConsiderationsDan Christian
The document discusses green infrastructure design principles and considerations. It provides an overview of different types of green infrastructure practices like bioretention cells, permeable pavements, and rainwater harvesting. It also covers important design considerations like selecting appropriate plant species based on site conditions, choosing plants with high transpiration rates, and engineering soil mixes to maximize infiltration capacity. The goal is to design practices that infiltrate, evapotranspire, and reuse stormwater onsite.
This document provides information on porous paving systems called Grasspave2 and Gravelpave2. It discusses the history and benefits of porous paving, how the Grasspave2 and Gravelpave2 systems work, and their various applications. The systems are made of plastic rings connected by a flexible grid that allow stormwater to infiltrate while supporting vehicle loading. They have benefits for stormwater management, environment, and aesthetics. Common applications include fire lanes, driveways, parking lots, and paths. Installation involves preparing a base and filling the rings with sand or gravel followed by seeding, sodding, or gravel placement.
The document discusses several drainage and reinforcement products for golf courses including Draincore2 for greens and tees, Grasspave2 for cart paths, Draincore2 for bunkers, Gravelpave2 for gravel cart paths, Slopetame2 for erosion control of water hazards, and Beachrings2 for temporary surface access. The products provide benefits such as improved drainage, reduced maintenance needs, protection of turf and soil, and stable surfaces.
This manual provides guidance on designing and installing rain gardens in Vermont. It explains that rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with native plants that capture stormwater runoff from impervious surfaces and allow it to soak into the ground. The manual outlines the step-by-step process for choosing a location, sizing, designing, installing, and maintaining a rain garden. It includes a plant list and sample planting plans tailored for Vermont's climate zones. The purpose is to help homeowners and others protect water quality in rivers and lakes by reducing and treating stormwater runoff through rain gardens.
Rain gardens are landscaping features that manage stormwater on site by absorbing water and filtering pollutants through their loose, deep soils. Their size can vary and they can fit odd shapes and spaces. They are an excellent method of keeping stormwater on site and out of the sewer system. Maintaining a beautiful rain garden requires regular watering, weeding, and mulching, especially in the first year, to keep the garden looking good and functioning well.
Wisconsin Rain Gardens: A How to Manual for HomeownersSotirakou964
This how-to manual provides homeowners with instructions for designing and building rain gardens on residential properties. It explains that rain gardens are landscaped areas planted with native vegetation that capture rainwater runoff from roofs and allow it to slowly soak into the ground rather than flowing into storm drains. This helps reduce flooding and pollution in local waterways. The manual outlines best practices for siting a rain garden, including positioning it at least 10 feet from homes and avoiding very steep slopes. It also addresses common questions like whether rain gardens breed mosquitoes or require much maintenance.
This document outlines how various products from Invisible Structures can help achieve credits in the LEED green building rating system. It discusses how Grasspave2, Gravelpave2, Rainstore3, Slopetame2, Draincore2 and other permeable paving and stormwater management products can contribute to Stormwater Design, Heat Island Effect reduction, Water Efficiency, and other LEED credits. The products are said to provide environmental benefits like reducing impervious surfaces and pollutant loads while allowing for infiltration and groundwater recharge. They can also help projects comply with environmental laws regarding stormwater management.
This document summarizes guidelines for designing and implementing rain gardens as an alternative stormwater management practice. Rain gardens are shallow depressions planted with native vegetation that filter and infiltrate stormwater runoff from small areas like rooftops and driveways. The summary provides details on the components and functions of rain gardens, their recommended applications for residential properties, benefits, feasibility considerations, and guidance on sizing rain gardens based on water quality volume calculations.
Green Infrastructure Design Principles and ConsiderationsDan Christian
The document discusses green infrastructure design principles and considerations. It provides an overview of different types of green infrastructure practices like bioretention cells, permeable pavements, and rainwater harvesting. It also covers important design considerations like selecting appropriate plant species based on site conditions, choosing plants with high transpiration rates, and engineering soil mixes to maximize infiltration capacity. The goal is to design practices that infiltrate, evapotranspire, and reuse stormwater onsite.
Roof Gardens Brochure - City of Portland, OregonFlanna489y
A roof garden is a vegetated roof system that can support pedestrian traffic. It consists of a waterproof membrane, drainage layer, and thick layer of soil to support vegetation and hardscaping for access. Roof gardens reduce runoff and urban heat island effects while adding aesthetic and recreational value. Initial costs are higher than conventional roofs but roof gardens last longer with reduced maintenance needs over time. Proper engineering is required to support the weight of a roof garden.
Subsurface drainage uses buried perforated pipes to intercept and direct water below the ground surface to an outlet. Modern tile installation uses GPS for guidance and depth control. Subsurface drainage can increase crop yields, control water tables, reduce soil salt accumulation, and maximize root growth by allowing a wider variety of crops. Controlled drainage uses baffles inserted in tile outlets to set water levels for crops and store water, then removes baffles before planting and harvest to allow fields to drain fully.
The document introduces a new rainwater harvesting filtration system from MIFAB that collects and filters rainwater from large commercial rooftops. The system filters out particles over 400μm to provide clean non-potable water for uses like toilet flushing and irrigation. It is designed to be low maintenance and modular for flexible installation. The filtration process aerates the water and removes debris through an easy to clean screen.
Rainwater Harvesting Shop supplies Water Butts, Water Storage Tanks & Rainwater Harvesting tanks to UK & Ireland. Rainwater harvesting with waters butts and water storage tanks saves water and money.
The document describes various applications of Typar geotextile fabrics:
1) Typar can be used for unpaved roads, paved roads, parking lots, industrial yards, drainage, erosion control, landfills, recreation, waste handling, and landscaping. It provides separation, reinforcement, filtration and drainage benefits.
2) Some key advantages of Typar include reduced construction and maintenance costs, longer lifespan, prevention of soil mixing, and ease of installation.
3) Typar is made of durable polypropylene fibers and is available in various weights and widths to suit different applications. It meets AASHTO requirements for geotextiles.
Efficient Irrigation for Water Conservation Guideline - Queensland, AustraliaRetiz16x
This document provides guidelines for efficient irrigation in Queensland to conserve water. It outlines requirements for efficient irrigation systems and sprinklers, including maximum flow rates and timer controls. It also gives guidance on efficient gardening practices like understanding plant water needs, soil types, and choosing drought-tolerant plants. The guidelines help homeowners calculate appropriate watering times to meet water restrictions and consumption targets while still maintaining gardens and lawns.
Approximately 25% of domestic water is used in gardens. Water can be conserved through efficient irrigation methods, soil treatment to allow water penetration, using mulch to reduce evaporation, and good garden design with fewer lawns. Proper watering techniques like watering infrequently but deeply, targeting the root zone, and using soaker hoses or drippers can save water.
This document provides design principles for infiltration rain gardens, which are landscaped areas that allow stormwater runoff to infiltrate into soils below. Key aspects of rain garden design include using deep soil media to allow infiltration, including an overflow system to prevent flooding, and locating gardens to avoid issues with foundations, utilities and steep slopes. Proper pretreatment, plant selection, mulching and drawdown times are also important design considerations to maximize infiltration and treatment of stormwater runoff.
"Capturing Sediment on the Go, Enabling Clean Water to Flow"
Advancements in Sediment Control via Pump-It Tube Dewatering Bags; EZ-Catch, EZ-Flo, & EZ-ClipGuard Inlet Protection; as well as Hi-Flo & Maxx-Flo Silt Fence
Canada; Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering Fact ...D5Z
This document outlines options for capturing precipitation to provide water for livestock. It describes two basic designs for water harvesters: treated ground surfaces and collection on roof-like surfaces. Various catchment materials are compared, with factors like slope, soil type, durability and runoff potential considered. The document provides guidance on site selection, estimating water yield from catchment areas, and reducing evaporation from storage tanks.
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for LandownersDan Arthur
The document discusses the development of the Marcellus Shale for natural gas production in Pennsylvania and the associated environmental issues for landowners. It notes that advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made shale gas production economically viable. While development provides benefits, it also carries environmental impacts that can be mitigated through best practices. The document advises land trusts to educate themselves on the issues so they can make informed decisions about leasing land and negotiate protections to influence responsible development.
This document summarizes two nutrient separating storm drain systems from Suntree Technologies:
1. The Nutrient Separating Baffle Box (NSBB) treats entire stormwater flows, improves compliance with regulations, and reduces costs compared to other systems. It separates pollutants from water and prevents resuspension.
2. The Grate Inlet Skimmer Box (GISB) provides similar treatment and benefits for individual inlets. It screens out pollutants and uses a deflection shield and skimmer tray for easy maintenance.
Both systems improve stormwater quality and help meet regulatory requirements at a lower cost than other options.
Empire Landfill was designed and constructed to exceed regulatory guidelines. It features double-lined cells and a stormwater management system. Previously, rock baskets were used in interceptor channels but required significant labor. An evaluation determined Geoweb, a concrete-filled cellular confinement system, could effectively line the channels while reducing costs and labor. Installation of the Geoweb system was completed quickly by a small crew and has successfully handled stormwater flows.
L miller texas live oak growth with tensiometer-controlled cyclic irrigationnacaa
Live oak trees were irrigated with either a fixed daily three cycle schedule or based on soil moisture tensions measured by tensiometers. Trees irrigated based on tensiometer readings received 62% less water but grew similarly in height and caliper to trees on the fixed schedule. Integrating tensiometers into irrigation control effectively conserved water for container tree producers without negatively impacting live oak growth.
The document provides information on designing parking strip gardens with native plants. It discusses challenges with parking strips such as poor soil, compaction, and varying light conditions. It emphasizes using a limited plant palette with a mix of evergreen "backbone" plants, accent plants, and colorful seasonal plants. The document also highlights regulations that vary by city regarding height, hardscapes, and visibility at intersections. It provides examples of suitable plants like creeping barberry and discusses their characteristics and growing requirements.
The document discusses various erosion control materials including blankets, gabions, silt fences, and concrete revetment systems. It describes different types of erosion such as sheet flow, rill erosion, gully erosion, channel scour, and erosion from wave action. The document notes problems associated with erosion such as loss of topsoil, instability of structures, sediment migration, and damage to aquatic habitats. It provides details on specific erosion control blankets and their uses.
Peatland Development Challenges – A Case Study from Kampar Peninsula, Riau, I...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
This document summarizes a study of landscape changes on a peat dome in coastal Riau, Sumatra from 1995-2010. Key findings include:
1) Illegal logging from 2000-2009 resulted in extensive drainage through ditches that lowered water tables and caused significant peat subsidence and loss of forest biomass.
2) From 2003-2010, terrain models show mean subsidence of 0.17 meters over the study area, indicating a loss of around 20 tons of CO2 per hectare per year from oxidized peat soils.
3) Forest biomass monitoring plots from 2004-2011 show a continuing decline in biomass years after logging, with the largest trees most affected by
This document discusses using rainwater harvesting for supplemental landscape irrigation. It provides information on average rainfall and evapotranspiration rates in Cincinnati to determine how much rainwater is available versus plant water needs. Methods of collecting rainwater from roofs, pavement, and landscape areas are outlined. Storage tank sizes, costs and irrigation system types are compared to effectively use captured rainwater for irrigation of landscape beds and turf areas.
This document discusses efficient use of rain water by altering road drainage systems. It describes how stagnant rain water on roads can degrade surfaces and cause potholes. The document proposes collecting stagnant water and modernizing drainage systems. It explains how altering road slopes and materials used can help drain water more effectively and recharge groundwater tables. The document also discusses drainage system types, how potholes form, methods for repairing potholes, and the importance of proper road slopes for drainage.
Efficient Use of Rain Water by Altering Channel Systemtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an efficient way to collect and use storm water runoff from roads by altering the channel system beneath the road surface. The system involves digging channels underneath the road, lining them with cement, and covering them with perforated stones to allow water to flow through while still supporting vehicle loads. This would prevent water stagnation on roads, reduce pothole formation, and help meet water demands, while only requiring higher initial construction costs. Collecting storm water in this way could have benefits like lessening water scarcity, improving traffic flow, and controlling diseases spread by standing water.
Roof Gardens Brochure - City of Portland, OregonFlanna489y
A roof garden is a vegetated roof system that can support pedestrian traffic. It consists of a waterproof membrane, drainage layer, and thick layer of soil to support vegetation and hardscaping for access. Roof gardens reduce runoff and urban heat island effects while adding aesthetic and recreational value. Initial costs are higher than conventional roofs but roof gardens last longer with reduced maintenance needs over time. Proper engineering is required to support the weight of a roof garden.
Subsurface drainage uses buried perforated pipes to intercept and direct water below the ground surface to an outlet. Modern tile installation uses GPS for guidance and depth control. Subsurface drainage can increase crop yields, control water tables, reduce soil salt accumulation, and maximize root growth by allowing a wider variety of crops. Controlled drainage uses baffles inserted in tile outlets to set water levels for crops and store water, then removes baffles before planting and harvest to allow fields to drain fully.
The document introduces a new rainwater harvesting filtration system from MIFAB that collects and filters rainwater from large commercial rooftops. The system filters out particles over 400μm to provide clean non-potable water for uses like toilet flushing and irrigation. It is designed to be low maintenance and modular for flexible installation. The filtration process aerates the water and removes debris through an easy to clean screen.
Rainwater Harvesting Shop supplies Water Butts, Water Storage Tanks & Rainwater Harvesting tanks to UK & Ireland. Rainwater harvesting with waters butts and water storage tanks saves water and money.
The document describes various applications of Typar geotextile fabrics:
1) Typar can be used for unpaved roads, paved roads, parking lots, industrial yards, drainage, erosion control, landfills, recreation, waste handling, and landscaping. It provides separation, reinforcement, filtration and drainage benefits.
2) Some key advantages of Typar include reduced construction and maintenance costs, longer lifespan, prevention of soil mixing, and ease of installation.
3) Typar is made of durable polypropylene fibers and is available in various weights and widths to suit different applications. It meets AASHTO requirements for geotextiles.
Efficient Irrigation for Water Conservation Guideline - Queensland, AustraliaRetiz16x
This document provides guidelines for efficient irrigation in Queensland to conserve water. It outlines requirements for efficient irrigation systems and sprinklers, including maximum flow rates and timer controls. It also gives guidance on efficient gardening practices like understanding plant water needs, soil types, and choosing drought-tolerant plants. The guidelines help homeowners calculate appropriate watering times to meet water restrictions and consumption targets while still maintaining gardens and lawns.
Approximately 25% of domestic water is used in gardens. Water can be conserved through efficient irrigation methods, soil treatment to allow water penetration, using mulch to reduce evaporation, and good garden design with fewer lawns. Proper watering techniques like watering infrequently but deeply, targeting the root zone, and using soaker hoses or drippers can save water.
This document provides design principles for infiltration rain gardens, which are landscaped areas that allow stormwater runoff to infiltrate into soils below. Key aspects of rain garden design include using deep soil media to allow infiltration, including an overflow system to prevent flooding, and locating gardens to avoid issues with foundations, utilities and steep slopes. Proper pretreatment, plant selection, mulching and drawdown times are also important design considerations to maximize infiltration and treatment of stormwater runoff.
"Capturing Sediment on the Go, Enabling Clean Water to Flow"
Advancements in Sediment Control via Pump-It Tube Dewatering Bags; EZ-Catch, EZ-Flo, & EZ-ClipGuard Inlet Protection; as well as Hi-Flo & Maxx-Flo Silt Fence
Canada; Water Harvesters, Collecting Precipitation Livestock Watering Fact ...D5Z
This document outlines options for capturing precipitation to provide water for livestock. It describes two basic designs for water harvesters: treated ground surfaces and collection on roof-like surfaces. Various catchment materials are compared, with factors like slope, soil type, durability and runoff potential considered. The document provides guidance on site selection, estimating water yield from catchment areas, and reducing evaporation from storage tanks.
The Marcellus Shale: Environmental Issues for LandownersDan Arthur
The document discusses the development of the Marcellus Shale for natural gas production in Pennsylvania and the associated environmental issues for landowners. It notes that advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made shale gas production economically viable. While development provides benefits, it also carries environmental impacts that can be mitigated through best practices. The document advises land trusts to educate themselves on the issues so they can make informed decisions about leasing land and negotiate protections to influence responsible development.
This document summarizes two nutrient separating storm drain systems from Suntree Technologies:
1. The Nutrient Separating Baffle Box (NSBB) treats entire stormwater flows, improves compliance with regulations, and reduces costs compared to other systems. It separates pollutants from water and prevents resuspension.
2. The Grate Inlet Skimmer Box (GISB) provides similar treatment and benefits for individual inlets. It screens out pollutants and uses a deflection shield and skimmer tray for easy maintenance.
Both systems improve stormwater quality and help meet regulatory requirements at a lower cost than other options.
Empire Landfill was designed and constructed to exceed regulatory guidelines. It features double-lined cells and a stormwater management system. Previously, rock baskets were used in interceptor channels but required significant labor. An evaluation determined Geoweb, a concrete-filled cellular confinement system, could effectively line the channels while reducing costs and labor. Installation of the Geoweb system was completed quickly by a small crew and has successfully handled stormwater flows.
L miller texas live oak growth with tensiometer-controlled cyclic irrigationnacaa
Live oak trees were irrigated with either a fixed daily three cycle schedule or based on soil moisture tensions measured by tensiometers. Trees irrigated based on tensiometer readings received 62% less water but grew similarly in height and caliper to trees on the fixed schedule. Integrating tensiometers into irrigation control effectively conserved water for container tree producers without negatively impacting live oak growth.
The document provides information on designing parking strip gardens with native plants. It discusses challenges with parking strips such as poor soil, compaction, and varying light conditions. It emphasizes using a limited plant palette with a mix of evergreen "backbone" plants, accent plants, and colorful seasonal plants. The document also highlights regulations that vary by city regarding height, hardscapes, and visibility at intersections. It provides examples of suitable plants like creeping barberry and discusses their characteristics and growing requirements.
The document discusses various erosion control materials including blankets, gabions, silt fences, and concrete revetment systems. It describes different types of erosion such as sheet flow, rill erosion, gully erosion, channel scour, and erosion from wave action. The document notes problems associated with erosion such as loss of topsoil, instability of structures, sediment migration, and damage to aquatic habitats. It provides details on specific erosion control blankets and their uses.
Peatland Development Challenges – A Case Study from Kampar Peninsula, Riau, I...GlobalEnvironmentCentre
This document summarizes a study of landscape changes on a peat dome in coastal Riau, Sumatra from 1995-2010. Key findings include:
1) Illegal logging from 2000-2009 resulted in extensive drainage through ditches that lowered water tables and caused significant peat subsidence and loss of forest biomass.
2) From 2003-2010, terrain models show mean subsidence of 0.17 meters over the study area, indicating a loss of around 20 tons of CO2 per hectare per year from oxidized peat soils.
3) Forest biomass monitoring plots from 2004-2011 show a continuing decline in biomass years after logging, with the largest trees most affected by
This document discusses using rainwater harvesting for supplemental landscape irrigation. It provides information on average rainfall and evapotranspiration rates in Cincinnati to determine how much rainwater is available versus plant water needs. Methods of collecting rainwater from roofs, pavement, and landscape areas are outlined. Storage tank sizes, costs and irrigation system types are compared to effectively use captured rainwater for irrigation of landscape beds and turf areas.
This document discusses efficient use of rain water by altering road drainage systems. It describes how stagnant rain water on roads can degrade surfaces and cause potholes. The document proposes collecting stagnant water and modernizing drainage systems. It explains how altering road slopes and materials used can help drain water more effectively and recharge groundwater tables. The document also discusses drainage system types, how potholes form, methods for repairing potholes, and the importance of proper road slopes for drainage.
Efficient Use of Rain Water by Altering Channel Systemtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an efficient way to collect and use storm water runoff from roads by altering the channel system beneath the road surface. The system involves digging channels underneath the road, lining them with cement, and covering them with perforated stones to allow water to flow through while still supporting vehicle loads. This would prevent water stagnation on roads, reduce pothole formation, and help meet water demands, while only requiring higher initial construction costs. Collecting storm water in this way could have benefits like lessening water scarcity, improving traffic flow, and controlling diseases spread by standing water.
This document discusses the design of porous pavements for commercial facilities. It begins with an introduction to porous asphalt pavements and their benefits for stormwater management over traditional impervious surfaces. It then provides background on how porous asphalt works by allowing water to drain through the pavement into an underlying stone bed. The document discusses design considerations and issues to consider, such as soil conditions, infiltration rates, and maintenance requirements. It also provides examples of successful porous pavement installations over 20 years old and discusses the costs and construction process.
Rainwater harvesting is an important traditional practice in India that has declined with urbanization. It is needed now more than ever to address water shortages and declining groundwater levels. Roof rainwater harvesting systems collect rainwater and store it for use or allow it to percolate to recharge groundwater. Proper filtration is important to ensure water quality. Traditional methods like step wells and tanks helped conserve water and communities were responsible for maintenance. Reviving such systems with public participation can help address the water crisis through a decentralized approach.
Rainwater harvesting is the process of collecting, conveying, and storing rainwater for beneficial uses like irrigation, production, washing, and drinking water. It involves capturing rainwater primarily from rooftops and surface runoff and storing it for direct use or recharging into groundwater. RWH helps conserve and supplement existing water resources and can potentially provide an improved quality water source at a low cost. However, performance depends on climate and collected rainwater quality may be impacted by external factors like pollution, requiring ongoing maintenance.
This document provides information on infiltration rain gardens, including:
- Infiltration rain gardens are landscaped areas designed to temporarily pond and infiltrate stormwater runoff from roofs or pavement.
- They are sized to treat 10-20% of the upstream impervious area, commonly treating 250 square meters of impervious area with a 50 square meter garden.
- Design guidelines address pretreatment, dimensions, ponding depth and drawdown time, soil depth, outlets and overflows.
- Specifications are provided for materials like drainage rock, pipe, geosynthetics and growing medium.
Rainwater harvesting is a method to augment groundwater levels by collecting and storing rainwater. It helps overcome water scarcity issues caused by increasing population, industrialization, and decreasing surface water bodies. There are two main methods - surface runoff harvesting which collects runoff in urban areas, and roof top harvesting which collects rainwater falling on roofs. The basic components of a roof top system are the catchment/roof area, pipes to transport water, a first flush device, and filters to purify the water before it is recharged into the groundwater through methods like borewells. The success of such systems can be measured by increased groundwater levels and decreased salinity, fluoride, nitrate, and contamination in the
An introduction to rainwater harvestingTaranjot Ubhi
This document provides an overview of rainwater harvesting, including the three main components: catchment areas, collection devices, and conveyance systems. Catchment areas can be rooftops or land surfaces. Rooftops are commonly used and gutters divert water into storage tanks. Land surfaces can also be used but have higher rates of water loss. Storage tanks or containers collect the rainwater and come in various materials like ferrocement or polyethylene. Conveyance systems transfer water from rooftop catchments to storage via downpipes, with methods to divert initial runoff away from storage.
storm water
rain water harvesting
shoratge of water
advantages
road surface run off
open drains
plans
drawing
pictures
storm water program
design consideration
This document discusses the importance and methods of rainwater harvesting. It notes that rainwater is the ultimate source of fresh water and rainwater harvesting helps augment groundwater levels. There are two main methods of rainwater harvesting - surface runoff harvesting and rooftop rainwater harvesting. Rooftop rainwater harvesting involves collecting rainwater from building roofs and storing it in tanks, which can then be used for non-potable purposes. Alternatively, the harvested rainwater can be used to recharge groundwater aquifers through various structures like recharge pits and trenches. The document outlines the key components of a rooftop rainwater harvesting system, including catchments, transportation pipes, first flush devices, and filters.
1. The document discusses rainwater harvesting techniques that encourage planting of drought-resistant plants which recharge 90-95% of rainwater while improving the environment.
2. Existing rainwater harvesting pit designs are ineffective and unpopular with citizens due to issues like limited space, high costs, and appearance like "deserts".
3. The author proposes an alternative design called "rainharvester" that allows for both direct reuse of rainwater and groundwater recharge through layers of sand, gravel and charcoal to filter runoff.
This document discusses reasons for water shortage such as population increase, urbanization, and decreasing water sources. It then describes how rainwater harvesting can help address this issue by recharging groundwater supplies. The document outlines the basic components and methods of rainwater harvesting systems, which collect rainwater from surfaces like rooftops and redirect it to storage tanks or underground to replenish aquifers. Effective filtration is important to ensure water quality. Increased water levels and improved groundwater quality are indicators that rainwater harvesting is successfully augmenting local water supplies.
CSA Symposium 2016 -Shawn Miller Day 1 Session 3ACDI/VOCA
This document discusses rainwater harvesting as a solution to water shortages caused by factors like deforestation, population growth, and urbanization. It defines rainwater harvesting as collecting rainwater when it falls and storing it for later use. The document outlines the objectives of rainwater harvesting such as meeting increasing water demands and recharging groundwater. It also describes various components of roof rainwater harvesting systems including catchments, transportation mechanisms, filters and different types of filters. Finally, it provides examples of rainwater harvesting implementations and their uses.
IRJET - A Review on Stormwater Management using Pervious Concrete in PavementsIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of pervious concrete in pavements for stormwater management. Pervious concrete is a porous pavement that allows water to drain through it and infiltrate into the soil below. It has several environmental and economic benefits over traditional pavement, including eliminating surface runoff, recharging groundwater, trapping pollutants, and reducing costs for stormwater infrastructure. Pervious concrete can be used in low-traffic areas like parking lots and walkways. Its porous structure allows water to quickly drain through at a rate of 2-18 gallons per minute. This reduces flooding risks and improves water quality by filtering pollutants from runoff before it enters the groundwater. Pervious concrete pavements typically last over 20 years
The document provides instructions for constructing a recharge well to harvest rainwater and replenish groundwater supplies. It notes that digging recharge wells provides employment. It then lists costs for different sizes of recharge wells based on diameter and depth. Finally, it provides a step-by-step guide to constructing a recharge well by digging a hole and placing concrete rings inside to allow water to percolate down into the ground.
IRJET - Application of Water Conservation Technique to Low Income Group H...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the design and implementation of a rainwater harvesting system for low income group housing in Nagpur, India to help address water shortage issues. It presents the methodology, components, and sizing considerations for an effective rainwater harvesting system. A case study is provided that demonstrates how such a system was implemented for a housing project, reducing the demand on potable water by 44,00,000 liters and requiring only an additional 6.2% of the total project cost.
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
has completed hundreds of projects mainly in China. Utilizing breathable desert sand using the
surface free energy is something not mastered before and DakeRechsand introduces an ecofriendly, sediment-free, recyclable, and much efficient technology to enhance rainwater
harvesting and water conservation.
Enhancing Rainwater Harvesting through Pervious Pavement System Based on the ...civejjour
Pervious pavements are widely used in stormwater management practices due to their porosity.
However, the longevity and infiltration capacity could be greatly reduced with time due to
clogging issues. DakeRechsand manufactures pervious bricks from desert sand based on
principle of surface-free energy treatment. The pavers are made from desert sand that can
withstand against temperatures as high as 100 degrees Celsius and also handling freeze-thaw
cycle testing. This product range contains silica as the base material, has good anti-slippery
performance when wet. And observations showed that the there is less chance of black ice
formation on the brick surface, due to air-permeable propertities of the material. The company
has completed hundreds of projects mainly in China. Utilizing breathable desert sand using the
surface free energy is something not mastered before and DakeRechsand introduces an ecofriendly, sediment-free, recyclable, and much efficient technology to enhance rainwater
harvesting and water conservation.
Machine Routing And Channel Design AssignmentBHAGCHAND MEENA
The document discusses three types of flood routing: mechanical, electric analog, and digital. Mechanical routers include the integrating flood router which uses five drum charts to plot input and output hydrographs. The rolling flood router uses an undercarriage to move over an inflow hydrograph. Electric analog routers make analogies between hydrologic variables and electric circuits. Digital computers simplify routing with programs that can quickly compute outflows. The document also discusses various canal lining materials including cement concrete, shotcrete, soil cement, asphaltic concrete, brick, earth, and bentonite. It provides details on their composition and suitable applications. Finally, it presents a design problem to calculate dimensions for a triangular concrete-lined channel given discharge, slope
This document appears to be about duct production or installation. However, it does not contain any readable words or sentences, so a meaningful summary cannot be generated from the information provided. The document contains only special characters that do not convey any essential information.
The document provides information about CULTEC stormwater chambers that can be used for retention, detention, conveyance, and water quality applications. The chambers replace conventional stormwater systems like ponds and pipes. They have perforated sides and bottoms to maximize infiltration. Typical systems are designed using the largest chamber that fits depth constraints. Chambers are lightweight and have overlapping ribs for connection. They provide benefits like maximizing land use, storing more volume in less space, and allowing for infiltration and development. Product specifications and design details are also included.
The Slopetame2 system provides erosion control through a three-dimensional matrix of plastic rings, vertical bars, and a geotextile fabric. It reinforces soil to increase stability on slopes and prevents erosion better than mats. Applications include vegetated swales, pond shorelines, steep slopes, channels, and infiltration trenches. The system's crossbars and fabric allow for plant growth while prohibiting soil movement. Duckbill anchors and rebar securely fasten the mats in place.
These portable mats provide wheelchair and limited mobility access to beaches and other areas, complying with ADA requirements. The mats are made of durable, flexible material that is lightweight and easy to install. They have traction on the top and securing ridges on the bottom to prevent slipping. The mats are reusable, portable, and simple to maintain by sweeping. They are available in rolls or individual tiles in standard colors.
This document discusses vapor retarders and provides specifications for sheet vapor retarders and penetration accessories. It lists several acceptable product options for the sheet vapor retarder that meet the standard of having a perm rating of 0.3 or less. It also provides specifications for acceptable granular sodium bentonite products to use for penetration accessories.
Barrier-Bac provides high quality vapor retarder products for use beneath concrete slabs. Their primary products are 11 mil VB-250 and 16 mil VB-350 vapor retarder membranes which exceed ASTM standards. They also offer a composite vapor retarder, VBC-350, made by laminating a 16 mil membrane to a polypropylene geotextile which provides excellent peel adhesion to concrete.
The document discusses moisture intrusion through concrete slab-on-grade foundations and the need for vapor retarders. It describes how groundwater and vapor can enter buildings through concrete slabs and cause issues like mold, decreased indoor air quality, and flooring failures. It also discusses how vapor retarders can help control moisture, improve indoor environments, and save on energy costs associated with high humidity.
Barrier Bac is a vapor barrier and vapor retarder made in the USA that meets or exceeds ASTM requirements. While some manufacturers tout very low perm ratings of less than 0.1, studies show materials are only 99.96% effective at that level, so proper installation of seams, tapes, and penetrations is important. Barrier Bac tape is tested to various ASTM standards and is thicker than competing tapes to provide a better seal. Barrier Bac offers various vapor barrier products made from extruded film for under slab and radon applications.
ARA is an asphalt release agent produced by Global Barrier Coatings that effectively releases asphalt from truck beds and equipment, allowing up to 3 additional loads without reapplication. It removes residue from previous release agents using only 1 pint per truck bed. ARA is non-hazardous, biodegradable, and will not damage equipment. It helps contractors reduce contamination and meet environmental standards while maximizing efficiency.
This document describes a cleaner and degreaser formulated to remove industrial release agents from manufacturing parts. It is fragrance and color free, premixed and ready to use, and available in bottles or drums from Global Barrier Coatings. The cleaner effectively removes release agents as shown in the before and after photos, and costs $16 per gallon.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 6DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 6. In this session, we will cover Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI webinar offers an in-depth exploration of leveraging cutting-edge technologies for test automation within the UiPath platform. Attendees will delve into the integration of generative AI, a test automation solution, with Open AI advanced natural language processing capabilities.
Throughout the session, participants will discover how this synergy empowers testers to automate repetitive tasks, enhance testing accuracy, and expedite the software testing life cycle. Topics covered include the seamless integration process, practical use cases, and the benefits of harnessing AI-driven automation for UiPath testing initiatives. By attending this webinar, testers, and automation professionals can gain valuable insights into harnessing the power of AI to optimize their test automation workflows within the UiPath ecosystem, ultimately driving efficiency and quality in software development processes.
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into integrating generative AI.
2. Understanding how this integration enhances test automation within the UiPath platform
3. Practical demonstrations
4. Exploration of real-world use cases illustrating the benefits of AI-driven test automation for UiPath
Topics covered:
What is generative AI
Test Automation with generative AI and Open AI.
UiPath integration with generative AI
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
Pushing the limits of ePRTC: 100ns holdover for 100 daysAdtran
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TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy SurveyTrustArc
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
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- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
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“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
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2. On the cover: Rainstore3 chamber under parking lot, Broomfield, CO. Without Above: Two views of a completed RS3 install under a parking lot in Big Fork, MT.
Rainstore3’s high water storage capacity at shallow depths, the flexibility in design, Parking lot and off-street bays for approximately 48 cars, drains into a 26,250-gallon
and the convenience of exfiltration, the owners of this site would have been unable Rainstore3 stormwater detention structure. Diagonal parking is graded toward the
to develop this site and would have been forced to find a different location for their center concrete strip, which drains toward the catch basin.
new construction.
Below: Graphic representation of asphalt parking lot with Rainstore3 detention
showing individual components. Drawing not to scale.
Maintenance Port
Ge
og
rid
Inlet Pipe
Sediment Filter
Rainstore3 Units
Geotextile Fabric
Outlet Pipe
Geogrid
Version 01/03
3. 1
NOW IT IS POSSIBLE!
Invisible Structures, Inc., (ISI) has created a new class of subsurface water
storage system, Rainstore3 (RS3). It is not pipe or arched chamber, but a
structure with strength throughout its shape. The unique design places the
plastic entirely in compression rather than bending or tension, resulting in
an excess of H-20 loading, and high void storage volume of 94%! Minimum
cover is only 0.3 meter (12 ).
The structure can be as shallow as 0.1 meter (4 ) or as deep as 2.5
meters (94 ), and with any length and width in 1 m (40 ) increments.
Rainstore3 eliminates site restrictions by conforming to custom project
requirements.
RS3 does not require any stone backfill between structures. Calculating
the void (storage) volume is as simple as dividing storage demand by 94%.
This means significant savings in amount of excavation, soil transport,
imported stone, installation time, and labor.
Rainstore3 can be utilized for long-term water storage for irrigation,
fire protection, and potable applications by encasing the structures in an
impervious liner.
Porous lining materials around RS3 offer 100% surface area coverage
for water infiltration/exfiltration.
STORMWATER QUALITY IS OLD BUSINESS Above: Nearly completed installation of a stormwater detention system
Company Background and Product Line at a gas station in Nampa, ID. This site has three separate Rainstore3
chambers to provide the necessary water storage. This photo shows the
Invisible Structures, Inc., has been in the stormwater management catch basin and curbing for one of the chambers. Asphalt will cover the
business since 1982 with our porous paving systems Grasspave2 and visible gravel base.
Gravelpave2, ring and grid structures for grass and gravel drivable sur-
Below: Installation of a water harvesting application in Santa Fe, NM at
faces. Large rolls sizes cover areas quickly while either protecting grass the Santa Fe Greenhouse. Rain water is captured and re-used for irrigat-
roots from compaction or containing small gravel to eliminate gravel ing the greenhouse plants - saving on the cost of using city water.
migration. These products have extensive design brochures that cover all
aspects from project photographs to latest technology and specifications.
Check our web site www.invisiblestructures.com for a full display of infor-
mation and downloadable details.
Draincore2 (DC2) collects excess irrigation and rainfall from recreational
grass surfaces such as lawns, sports fields, and bio-swales, and transports
filtered water to RS3. This water may be recycled for irrigation or other
uses. Draincore2 conveys water in a shallow horizontal plane, eliminating
trenching and backfill requirements of pipe.
Slopetame2 (ST2) is a three dimensional soil, vegetation, pre-vegetation
containment mat used to reduce soil loss due to water erosion on slopes, river
banks, channels, and bio-swales. Crossbars between rings serve to prevent
rill erosion. ST2 provides support for grasses and a variety of plant materi-
al whose roots furnish natural fibrous anchorage. ST2 bio-swales will help
clean debris and pollutants from stormwater prior to entering Rainstore3.
RS3 evolved from the ring and grid concept by allowing stackability to
greater depths, and increased lateral compressive strength to resist deep
soil pressures. The 94% void capacity was attained for RS3 while satisfying
structural criteria.
4. 2
Water Quality Background PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
Water quality is critical and must be considered when dealing Basic Structure
with stormwater management. In the past, point-source pollution Rainstore3 is a structure of thin-walled cylindrical columns injec-
(contaminates from a concentrated source) was of primary con- tion molded of recycled resins of either high impact polypropylene
cern. Today, non-point source pollution (contaminates from a large (HIPP), or high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic for strength,
area such as a parking lot) is important due to its magnitude and durability, and green industry benefit. For potable water storage,
frequency. virgin plastic is used. Cylinders are 10 cm (4 ) diameter, 5mm
The EPA has regulated point source pollution for years and is (0.2 ) average wall thickness, 10 cm (4 ) tall, and spaced 16.7 cm
now implementing strict regulations to control non-point source (4.6 ) apart. T-shaped beams connect the cylinders and resist
pollution, which is cumulative and presents long term external lateral soil/water pressure. Compression fit-
negative impacts upon our water resources. tings between layers create a rigid structure for
Stormwater traveling across hard surfaces ease of transport and installation.
will collect contaminates from hydro- Four archway openings in the
carbons to solid waste. The most bottom of each cylinder
effective pollution control allow water to
incorporates treat- move
ment at the
point
of ori- freely
gin before throughout
reaching com- assembled
munity waterways columns. A single
or water tables. Rainstore3 injection
In nature, stormwater molded unit weighs 14 pounds
percolates into vegetated and is comprised of 36 cylindrical
and non-vegetated areas where columns that occupy one square meter
suspended solids are filtered and (40 40 4 ). A stack of 10 units will
many chemicals neutralized. Research has comprise one cubic meter (35.31 cubic feet), with
shown that hydrocarbons are consumed by approximately 250 gallons of net water storage.
bio-organisms found in the root zone without killing RS3 allows for water containment depths from 10 cm
the vegetation. to 2.5 meters (4 to 94 or 8.2 ). The following standard depths
Invisible Structures’ porous pavement and bio-swale products are stocked: in meters (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, and 2.4) in feet
provide one of the most effective means of removing pollutants at (0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 2.0, 2.6, 4.0, and 7.9). Custom depths are also available.
the source. Refer to Sand-Bio Filter Inlet Detail for ways to Side bumpers provide foolproof, accurate spacing. Structures
reduce or eliminate catch basins and elaborate cleaning systems. may be moved by hand. A layer of geogrid, below the cells and
Rainstore3 in combination with ISI’s other outstanding products above the existing subsoil, provides a stable surface and will
provide a complete stormwater management package. insure proper alignment.
5. 3
RS3 withstands repeated freeze-thaw cycles, will not rust, weeds, and odor problems. Increasingly, the most economical and
break down, crack, is not affected by chemicals, extremes of pH, oils, convenient solution is an “underground pond,” where the water
salts, or fertilizers. Ethylene plastics have a projected service life may be stored temporarily before it is released to a storm sewer
in excess of 100 years provided they are not exposed to UV light. (detention), stored until it exfiltrates (retention), or stored for
reuse (harvesting).
Porous Paving
The most direct stormwater management technique is to allow
the rain to penetrate the surface where it falls. This can be done
with Grasspave2 or Gravelpave2 porous paving. The base course
below these plastic reinforcement structures will typically store
at least 2.5 of rain, or more, if subsoils are porous. Firelanes and
overflow parking areas are frequently used as infiltration basins.
Rainstore3 Detention
Short term storage and releasing stormwater at a predetermined
rate through the use of small outlet pipes or pumps is detention.
Downstream stormwater facilities may exist but have a limited
flow rate capacity. While the water is held awaiting gradual
release, it may or may not be allowed to exfiltrate into the site
soils. A porous non-woven geotextile is used to encase RS3.
Geomembranes are used when exfiltration must be avoided.
Rainstore3 Retention
When downstream stormwater facilities do not exist or the
amount of water released from a site is limited for some other
reason, stormwater retention is utilized. Typically, there are no
Overall System
outflow pipes. RS3 is encased in non-woven geotextile and placed
RS3, wrapped with a geotextile filter fabric or geomembrane, and
above porous soil. Replenishing existing aquifers is a benefit.
placed side by side in an excavated void create a variety of water
storage structures. Inflow, outflow, visual inspection pipes, catch
basins, pumps and water filters are installed as needed. Runoff Comparison Chart
Backfilling and compacting the sides, geogrid, base course, and Runoff coefficients, Grasspave2 or Gravelpave2
2 2
and sandy gravel base over various soil types.
surfacing complete the system.
100%
Asphalt
90%
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS Grasspave2 over clay
80%
Land development significantly affects the natural course of
70%
stormwater. Prior to development, land is semi-porous enabling
60% Grasspave2 over
rainfall to directly infiltrate, which filters pollutants, recharges loam/clay
subsurface water tables, and reduces flooding. Sealing the earth’s 50%
Grasspave2 over
surface with parking lots, roads, walks, and roofs, results in rapid 40% sand/loam
runoff to storm sewers and rivers, causing flooding and unaccept- 30%
able pollution of valuable water resources. 20%
To combat these serious problems, national (EPA) and regional 10%
Grasspave2 over sand
regulatory agencies require all or a portion of stormwater to be 0%
managed on site. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Surface detention basins and ponds are common, but often Inches of Rain During 24 Hours
Calculations include Grasspave2 or Gravelpave2
occupy valuable real estate and create safety hazards, insects, placed over 6 of sandy gravel base course, laid over native soils indicated.
6. 4
Corporate Parking Lot, Southborough, MA —
Rainstore3, 1 meter high, 667 m3, were used as a
detention basin underneath asphalt parking. Product
was easy to lift with two men. Stacks were placed and
adjusted by hand for a close fit with no fasteners
required.
Water Harvesting ble. The choice for long term storage with Rainstore3 is influenced
As population centers expand in arid climates, traditional water by site opportunities and constraints, access to community infra-
sources such as rivers and aquifers have been significantly de- structure (water, sewer, fire protection), government regulations,
pleted. With increased water prices, it becomes more economical and owner principles and guidelines.
to harvest rainfall with Rainstore3. Also, demands upon ground Stormwater falling on a site is collected from roofs, bio-swales,
resources are reduced, making some water critical projects possi- and parking areas. A strong impermeable liner surrounding the
Product Performance Analysis
Performance Rainstore3
3 Arched Chambers Corrugated Plastic Corrugated Metal Concrete Pipe (72 dia.)
Criteria 2.5 meter (8.2 ) height (34 75 16 ) Pipe (60 dia.) Pipe (72 dia.) Non-perforated
% of excavated
volume available ~75%* ~40%* ~60%* ~53%* ~38%*
for water storage
% of storage volume 0% ~59% ~60% ~70% 0%
occupied by stone
Maximum water 8.2 ft3 water ~1.4 ft3 water 3.8 ft3 water 4.7 ft3 water 3.2 ft3 water
storage volume / storage/ft2 storage/ft2 storage/ft2 storage/ft2 storage/ft2
surface area surface area surface area surface area surface area surface area
Chamber depth 4 min., 98 max., 12 min., 30.5 max. 12 dia. min., 60 dia. max., 12 dia. min., 240 dia. max., 12 dia. min., 240 dia. max.,
design flexibility in 4 increments 6 increments 6 increments 6 increments
Cover depth 12 18 12 – 30 12 – 24 6
required based on diameter based on diameter
On-site handling and
manual installation Easy Easy Difficult Difficult Difficult
Maintenance, Moderate Moderate Easy Easy Easy
inspection, clean-out
% of chamber surface area 100% ~75%, including ~15%, based on perforation ~15%, based on perforation 0%
available for infiltration side cuts area to pipe surface area area to pipe surface area
*Calculations based on an average sized (10 meter 10 meter) footprint installed per manufacturer’s specifications.
7. 5
chamber prevents evaporation and contamination. The water may space, recreation, landscaping, and light weight buildings.
be used for landscape irrigation, fire protection, potable applica- Landscaping directly above a storage structure should be restrict-
tions, and industrial processes, such as water for heating and ed to shallow rooted materials such as grasses, groundcovers, and
cooling with geothermal energy transfer. For long term storage, low growing shrubs. Long term chemical root barrier materials
water may require chemical treatment or oxygenation to preserve are available if RS3 must be kept root free.
water quality.
If parking is the surface use, then choose between porous paving
and hard surface options. Grasspave2 and Gravelpave2 filter
PRODUCT PERFORMANCE COMPARISON
stormwater directly by allowing percolation through the parking
Crushed rock wrapped in geotextile, concrete, corrugated metal or
surface and base course into RS3 without the use of pipe.
plastic pipe, and plastic arch chambers have been historical sub-
surface water storage options available to designers. Invisible 4. Determine required capacity: Local regulating agencies estab-
Structures closely studied the performance of these systems and lish rainfall storage requirements. Calculate by multiplying the
obtained feedback from engineers and contractors as to what they hard surface area (roads, parking lots, walks, roofs, etc.) by the
liked and disliked about available solutions. “design rainfall” required, then by the runoff coefficient (refer to
With this information, ISI designers developed Rainstore3 Runoff Comparison Chart on page 3). Determine supplemental
which boasts a highly efficient excavated volume, economical storage requirements for irrigation, process, fire safety, or potable
installation, reduced stone requirements, improved design flexi- uses, and add to regulated storage demand.
bility, safety, strength, and exceptional longevity.
5. Determine quantity of Rainstore3: Convert the storage require-
ment to cubic meters, divide by 0.94 to determine volume of
DESIGNING WITH RAINSTORE3
Rainstore3 in cubic meters. Gallon storage reference is 1 m3 of
Design Steps
water = 264 gallons .94 = 250 gallons/m3 RS3.
1. Choose system application: Determine whether porous paving,
6. Depth of Rainstore3: Factors such as depth of water table,
detention, retention, and/or water harvesting methods will be
bedrock and available excavation area affect the optimal depth
used. Function will determine whether outflow pipes will be
of retention/ detention capability. Choose a RS3 bottom elevation
needed, and choice of liner to encase the structures.
that is higher than the water table maximum level. In cases
2. Determine the location and quantity of storage systems: Pick where surface area is very limited and storage volume is great,
the most appropriate site location to minimize excavation, grad- deeper structures are usually more cost effective. Include 12 of
ing, and piping — usually downhill from runoff sources. Use soil gravel fill and surfacing cover in the decision. The Rainstore3
boring information to determine subsoil conditions and water cells are assembled to the desired depth prior to shipment. The
table depth. Exfiltration requires porosity. Rainstore3 can be following depths are available to avoid additional shipping costs:
located below most landscaped or paved surfaces. It may be in meters (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, and 2.4), in feet (0.7, 1.0, 1.3,
desirable to use more than one location for storage. 2.0, 2.6, 4.0, and 7.9).
3. Choose surfacing to be placed above storage structure: RS3 Provide an appropriate safety factor when depth of structure is
allows for many different surfacing options — parking, green near the maximum water table level because water rising into
RS3 reduces storage volume. Please refer to the Product
Typical Soil Permeabilities Description section for standard and custom depths.
Soil
Soil Typical
Typical Inches
Inches Suitable for
Suitable for
Group
Group Coefficient
Coefficient /Day
/Day Description
Description Exfiltration
Exfiltration 7. Choose the length and width of Rainstore3: Having already
GW 2.5 EE-2 850.4 well graded, clean gravels, Yes chosen RS3 depth, pick the length and width that occupies the
gravel-sand mixtures
required volume of RS3 (L W = V/height). Adjust length or
GP 5 EE-2 170.1 poorly graded clean gravels, Yes
gravel-sand mixtures width as necessary to meet site criteria. The length and width
SW >5 EE-4 17.0 well-graded clean sands, Yes must be in full meter increments.
gravelly sands
SP >5 EE-4 17.0 poorly graded clean sands, Yes 8. Determine catch basin and inflow locations: All water entering
sand-gravel mix the Rainstore3 structure must be reasonably silt and debris free to
Note: The following soil groups are not suitable for exfiltration (silty, clayey soils):
GM, GC, SM, SM-SC, SC, ML, ML-CL, CL, OL, MH, CH, OH. minimize maintenance and extend the system’s useful life.
8. 6
The preferred filtration method is a sand or bio-filter constructed route for excavation, leveling, compaction and placing Rainstore3
with Gravelpave2 or Grasspave2 (refer to Sand/Bio-Filter Inflow structures.
Detail). A catch basin or other structural means may also be
0.3 meters (12 ) minimum, 0.9 meters (36 ) maximum, structural
used. Choose an inflow location that best suits site conditions
base course (no greater than 1 particle size) must cover the geogrid
and minimizes waterborne debris. Standard pipe made of PVC,
and extend past all RS3 sides by 0.5 meter (20 ). Compact this layer
HDPE, steel, concrete, tile, copper, or any other material may be
to a minimum of 95% modified Proctor density.
used to convey water to or away from Rainstore3.
Native excavated soil or imported structural backfill may be used
9. Determine outflow locations (if necessary): For gravity fed out-
along the sides of the structure as long as a 95% modified Proctor
flow, ensure that site topography allows the outflow pipe to travel
density is achieved. Compact in lifts as needed to attain proper com-
to a lower elevation stormwater facility. Size the pipe to limit
paction. Water saturated backfill should not be used as it is difficult
outflow to the desired rate. If gravity outflow is not possible,
to compact and creates excessive hydrostatic pressure on bottom
pumps may be used (refer to Water Harvest or Maintenance
sides of RS3.
Port Details). A fail safe power supply is essential if outflow pumps
are used. Warning: Take extreme care when driving and/or compacting over
the chamber and do not drive over exposed Rainstore3 units —
10. Select Rainstore3 liner: First, choose between permeable and
wait until ALL the units are installed, the side backfill is complete,
impermeable. Non-woven filter fabrics are typically used except
fabric and geogrid layers are completed, and an adequate amount
when water harvesting or stormwater exfiltration is prohibited
of cover material is placed. Mark area to identify chamber location.
by regulation.
13. Choose maintenance port locations: Check local regulations
Acceptable impermeable liners are at least 40 mil PVC or equal.
proper size and placement of maintenance ports. An inside corner
Permeable liners must be at least 8 ounce non-woven. Properly
section of Rainstore3 may be removed to create a suitable opening
match fabric pore sizes to surrounding soils to prevent clogging
for inspection and inserting cleanout pumps. (Refer to the
and blinding. Fabric seams must have a 24 minimum overlap
Maintenance Port Detail.)
unless sewn.
To make pipe connections to geotextile fabric, cut an “X” in the MAINTENANCE OF A RAINSTORE3 STORMWATER
fabric, insert the pipe, gather fabric, and fasten tightly with a pipe STORAGE CHAMBER
clamp. If using a geomembrane, construct a ”boot” of material and Invisible Structures, Inc. recommends that stormwater be pre-
bond it to the circular opening. Insert the pipe through the boot treated prior to discharging into the chambers to avoid foreign
and fasten with two pipe clamps (refer to the Water Harvest Detail). matter accumulation inside the chamber. This can be accomplished
by a variety of techniques or products. Some examples are:
11. Determine quantity of geogrid: Three layers of geogrid (Tensar
BX1200, Tenax MS330, Huesker Fornit 30 or equivalent) must be
Short Term Storage (Detention Basin)
placed. One layer on the soil below the RS3 (see step 12), one layer
“Zero” Maintenance — the Preferred Method
directly on top of the RS3 cells — to stabilize with adjacent cells
Use a natural, or “Bio-Filter,” inlet device — essentially a porous
and to provide a walking surface — and the final layer placed on
pavement or swale, to pre-filter trash and sediment laden runoff
fabric-encased chamber and extended 0.5 meter (20 ) beyond the
before capture and conveyance into a Rainstore3 chamber. Use of
sides of the structure.
a simple 10-12 deep sand, or sand/gravel, filter pavement or
12. Compute length, width, and depth of excavation: Excavation swale will provide adequate vertical flow capacity (20 to 35+ inch-
must extend at least 0.5 meter (20 ) beyond all sides of RS3 struc- es per hour) and residence time to capture coarse debris and
tures to allow for ease of product installation and backfill com- trash at the surface, with sediment and hydrocarbons (and even
paction with powered compactor. Soil below RS3 must be leveled most traffic generated metals) kept in voids of the section for
with minimal compaction. A layer of geogrid (Tensar BX1200, Tenax treatment action by bacteria and oxidation.
MS330, Huesker Fornit 30 or equivalent) must be placed on the sub-
Water passing through the filter section can pass directly into the
soil and extended 0.5 meter (20 ) beyond the sides of the structure.
top of a Rainstore3 chamber, or be collected and transported over
Large and deep storage volumes may demand a drivable access
larger distances via Draincore2.
9. 7
Only super fine sediments will pass through this section and be Eventually, especially if maintenance is too infrequent, the bottom
conveyed into the chamber. With relatively short storage times of the chamber may develop a thick sediment layer sufficient to
(24 to 48 hours) most of these sediments shall remain suspended, obstruct exfiltration through the bottom of the chamber. The sides
or be easily re-suspended by the next rain event for removal. of the chamber shall continue to function, but time for total water
Long-term accumulations to a depth affecting exfiltration rates evacuation will increase.
can be measured in decades, not years.
This approach is most closely related to more traditional design
Trash pickup from the surface requires that Zero be in quotes. Also responses, but is not the best solution long term for the client.
be aware that grass surface porous pavements (Grasspave2) offer Standard catch basins are lowest initial cost, but much higher in
greater biological activity, but at a higher surface maintenance maintenance cost. Commercial cyclonic devices may have lower
cost — mowing, fertilization and irrigation. Gravel surface porous maintenance cost, but offer higher levels of cleaning efficiency at
pavements (Gravelpave2) still provide biological activity at a level much higher initial investment cost.
lower than with grass, but with lower maintenance required.
Long Term Storage (Water Harvest Basin)
Short Term Storage (Detention Basin) “Zero” Maintenance — the Preferred Method
Low, but Periodic, Maintenance Again, use a natural, or “Bio-Filter”, inlet device – essentially a
Use a structural form of catch basin with a deep sump prior to porous pavement or swale, to pre-filter trash and sediment laden
use of a hooded elbow inlet into the chamber. Whether standard runoff before capture and conveyance into a Rainstore3 chamber.
catch basins or sophisticated cyclonic flow devices are used, the Use of a simple 10-12 deep sand, or sand/gravel, filter pavement
objective is to remove any coarse debris and sediment (sand and or swale will provide adequate vertical flow capacity (20 to 35+
larger) from entering the Rainstore3 chamber. Periodic maintenance inches per hour) and residence time to capture coarse debris and
will be required to remove trash and sediment that accumulates trash at the surface, with sediment and hydrocarbons (and even
in the device. Frequency shall depend upon the physical nature of most traffic generated metals) kept in voids of the section for
sediments carried and allowed into the “screening” device. treatment action by bacteria and oxidation.
Fine sediments may still be transported into the chamber via the Water passing through the filter section can pass directly into the
inlet pipe and will likely be dispersed rather evenly over the top of a Rainstore3 chamber, or be collected and transported over
entire chamber bottom surface area, where they will then settle larger distances via Draincore2.
to the bottom — depending
Only super fine sediments will
upon the duration of time water
pass through this section and
is left in the chamber and the
be conveyed into the chamber.
size of the particle. Particles
With relatively short storage
smaller than the AOS of the
times (24 to 48 hours) most of
porous fabric liner will pass
these sediments shall be easily
through the liner and continue
re-suspended by the next rain
migration until stopped by
event for removal. This level of
underlying soils. Particles larg-
sediment can be safely captured
er than the AOS shall remain
and transported via pumps for
inside the chamber, and can be
water reuse in irrigation or
periodically re-suspended by
gray water applications, or fur-
injecting high-pressure water
ther filtered by an automatic
into a Maintenance Port, with
sand filter device with “back-
removal of the sediment laden
flush” capabilities.
water via sump pump from the
same, or other, port.
Below: Taller can be better for your design with 8.2 feet or 2.5 meters high versatility. H-
20 loading capability allows use underneath all parking lots and a variety of structures.
13. 11
Rainstore3 Materials and Budgeting Worksheet
Online version of the materials estimator available at: http://www.invisiblestructures.com/RS3/estimator.htm
Item Description Formula Quantity Unit $ /Unit Budget Total $ Notes
1 Required Water Volume (Vw) – m3 N/A N/A Minimum agency requirements+client/site requirements
2 RS3 Storage Volume (Vr) Vr = Vw /.94 m3 RS3 is 94% void
3 Depth RS3 (D) see note m N/A N/A in meters (0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.2, and 2.4)
in feet (0.7, 1.0, 1.3, 2.0, 2.6, 4.0, and 7.9)
4 Length RS3 (L) L=Vr /H W m N/A N/A Site dimensions, round up to nearest meter
5 Width RS3 (W) W=Vr /H L m N/A N/A Site dimensions, round up to nearest meter
6 Geotextile Fabric Area (Af) Af =2.1 ((L W)+ m2 Top+bottom+sides+5%, 8 oz. min., includes labor
for detention† (L D+W D))
7 Geogrid Area (Ag) Ag =((L+1 m) m2 RS3 area+1 meter on each side+5%, includes labor
(W+1 m) / 0.95) 3)
8 Total Materials Add items 1-8 N/A $ N/A
9 Excavation Volume (Ve) Ve =(D+0.4 m) m3 Equipment, labor and hauling included
(L+1 m) (W+1 m)
10 RS3 installation labor (Lr) Lr =Vr / 15 man-hours Estimation assuming installation of 15m3/man-hour
11 Total* Add items 9-11 N/A $ N/A
†
For harvesting applications, budget for twice the fabric area (Af) and include cost for 40 mil PVC liner = Af
*Overhead and contingency expenses not included
USEFUL CONVERSIONS
1 gallon = .1337 ft3 1 ft2 = .0929 m2 1 m3 = 264.15 gallons
1 gallon = .003785 m3 1 m2 = 10.76 ft2 1 m3 = 35.314 ft3
1 gallon = 3.7854 liters 1 m2 = 1.196 yd2 1 m3 = 1.308 yd3
1 inch = 2.54 cm 1 acre = 43,560 ft2 1 yd3 = .8361 m3
1 cm = .3937 inches 1 acre = 4,047 m2 1 ton @ 125/ft3 = 16 ft3
1 foot = .3048 m 1 acre foot = 1,233.5 m3 1 ton @ 125/ft3 = .593 yd3
1 meter = 3.28 ft 1 ft3 = .0283 m3 1 ton @ 125/ft3 = .453 m3
1 ft3 = 7.48 gallons
DESIGN AND TECHNICAL SUPPORT CONTACT INFORMATION
Invisible Structures welcomes the opportunity to review project Invisible Structures, Inc.
designs and answer technical questions. AutoCAD design details 1600 Jackson Street, Suite 310
may be downloaded from our website. ISI staff is available for Golden, CO 80401
on-site construction guidance. 800-233-1510, 303-233-8383 overseas
See a comprehensive list of project profiles with photos, project Fax 303-233-8282
sizes, descriptions, locations, and designs on the web at www.invisiblestructures.com
www.invisiblestructures.com e-mail sales@invisiblestructures.com
Rainstore3 Patent No. 6,095,718. International Patents Apply
14. 12
LIMITED WARRANTY — RAINSTORE3 Under no circumstances shall Invisible Structures, Inc. be liable
INVISIBLE STRUCTURES, INC., warrants to the Owner the to the Owner or to any third party for claims arising from the
structural integrity of Rainstore3 structures themselves when design of the Rainstore3 structure, shipment of the components of
installed in accordance with Invisible Structures’ written specifi- the Rainstore3 structure, or installation of the Rainstore3 structure.
cations at the time of installation. This warranty applies against This warranty may not be amended except by a written instru-
defective materials for two (2) years from the date of purchase. ment signed by an officer of Invisible Structures, Inc., at its cor-
This warranty shall be the sole and exclusive warranty grant- porate headquarters in Golden, Colorado. This warranty does not
ed by Invisible Structures, Inc., and shall be the sole and exclu- apply to any party other than to the Owner.
sive remedy available to Owner. INVISIBLE STRUCTURES,
INC., DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED California Industrial Resources, Monroe, WA — Installation of Rainstore3
OR IMPLIED, THAT ARISE BY THE OPERATION OF LAW,
SPECIFICALLY INCLUDING THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. INVISIBLE STRUCTURES, INC., SHALL NOT BE
LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM-
AGES WHICH MAY HAVE RESULTED FROM ANY ALLEGED
BREACH OF WARRANTY.
SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED FROM WARRANTY COVERAGE
ARE DAMAGES ARISING FROM ORDINARY WEAR AND TEAR; Moving stacks of product
ALTERATION, ACCIDENT, MISUSE, ABUSE, OR NEGLECT,
THE RAINSTORE3 STRUCTURE BEING SUBJECTED TO USES
OTHER THAN THOSE PRESCRIBED IN INVISIBLE STRUC-
TURES, INC.’S WRITTEN SPECIFICATIONS, OR ANY OTHER
EVENT NOT CAUSED BY INVISIBLE STRUCTURES, INC.
Some states do not allow limitations on how long an implied
warranty lasts or the exclusion or limitation of incidental or con-
sequential damages, so the above limitations or exclusions may
not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, Inlet boot connection detail
and you may also have other rights which vary from state to state.
Neither the sales personnel of the seller nor any other person
is authorized to make any warranties other than those described
herein or to extend the duration of any warranties beyond the
time period described herein on behalf of Invisible Structures, Inc.
Should a defect appear in the warranty period, the Owner must
inform Invisible Structures, Inc. of the defect in writing within ten
(10) days of the discovery of the defect to the following address:
Kevin F. Wright, President Filter fabric with geogrid placed on top
Invisible Structures, Inc.
1600 Jackson Street, Suite 310
Golden, CO 80401
Invisible Structures, Inc., agrees to supply replacement
Rainstore3 structures for those parts found by Invisible
Structures, Inc., to be defective. THE COST OF REMOVAL OR
INSTALLATION, OR A COMBINATION THEREOF, OF THE
RAINSTORE3 STRUCTURE IS SPECIFICALLY EXCLUDED
FROM THIS WARRANTY. Shipping costs shall be the responsi- Backfill with roadbase prior to operating heavy machinery on Rainstore3 units
bility of the Owner.
15. Left: Heavy equipment begins to put
the cover material over an installed
Rainstore3 chamber. Take extreme care
when driving and/or compacting over
the chamber and do not drive over
exposed Rainstore3 units — wait until
ALL the units are installed, the side
backfill is complete, fabric and geogrid
layers are completed, and an adequate
amount of cover material is placed.
Below: A completed Rainstore3
installation at a chemical plant's
loading dock in Chicago Heights, IL.
Stormwater drains via multiple inlets
to a Rainstore3 retention area beneath
a concrete loading dock pad. The out-
flow into the city system is controlled
by a shut off valve on a single 6” pipe.
For safety, if there is a chemical spill,
the valve can be closed, the contents
can be pumped out, and the spill
cleaned up.