This document provides information about Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID). It defines RAID and explains that RAID allows data to be written across multiple disks for redundancy and increased speed. It then describes different RAID types (RAID 0, 1, 5, 10), their requirements, and pros and cons. RAID can be implemented through hardware or software solutions. Hardware RAID offers better performance but at higher cost than software RAID.

1. Group 8
Redundant Array of Independent Disks
RAID

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3. What is RAID
General Explain About RAID
Requirements
What you need to run RAID?
RAID types
RAID 0, 1, 5, 10, …
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Comparsion
Pros and Cons between RAIDs
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4. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID).
RAID was used as a hedge because it allowed
data to be written to multiple hard disks at the
same time. Later, RAID has had many variations
that also allow to significantly increase the speed
of accessing data from the hard disk.
What is RAID

5. – RAID should only work with hard drives of equal capacity.
– Using RAID will consume more drives than usual, but in return, the data
will be more secure.
– RAID can be used for any operating system, from Window 98, window
2000, window XP, Window 10, window server 2016, MAC OS X, Linux…etc.
- RAID characteristics: fault – tolerance, performance and capacity.
About RAID

6.  RAID 0
 RAID 1
 RAID 0+1
 RAID 10
 RAID 5
Exception: JBOD, Software RAID
RAID types

7. RAID 0
Requiring at least two hard disks, RAID
0 allows computers to write data to
them in a special method known as
Striping.
RAID 0 still contains the risk of data
loss. The main reason lies in the way
that the information is written
separately, because so the data is not
completely located on a single hard
disk.

8. RAID 1
This is the most basic form of RAID capable of ensuring
data security. requires at least two hard disks to work.
Data is written into 2 identical drives (Mirroring). In the
event that one drive fails, the other will continue to
function normally.
The final capacity of a RAID 1 system is equal to the
capacity of a single drive.

9. RAID 0+1
Fast as RAID 0, secure as RAID. That is why the
RAID system combining 0 + 1 was born.
You will need at least 4 hard disks to run RAID
0 + 1. Data will be written into 4 hard disks
with 2 accelerated Striping drives and 2
backup Mirroring drives.
These 4 drives must be identical and when put
into a RAID 0 + 1 system, the final capacity will
be of the total capacity of 4 drives.

10. RAID 1+0
The system uses RAID0 and RAID1 at the same time like
RAID 0+1. It needs four identical hard drives. If one hard
drive fails, the system becomes RAID1.
More expensive but higher in fault tolerance and
regenerative performance than RAID 0+1.

11. RAID 5
This is probably the most powerful RAID
form for home and office users with 3 or
5 separate hard disks. Data and backups
are shared across all hard drives.
RAID 5 both ensures improved speed and
high security. The final hard disk space is
equal to the total disk space used minus
one drive. That is, if you use 3 drives of
80GB, the final capacity will be 160GB.

12. JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) is not actually
a mainstream RAID, but has some
characteristics related to RAID and is
supported by most RAID controller devices.
JBOD does not bring any other additional
value, just connection and capacity
aggregation.
Exception: JBOD

13. The simplest way to describe soft RAID is the RAID task that runs on the CPU in your
computer system.
Software RAID consists of a hardware board, which looks like a hardware RAID. Software
RAID code uses CPU computing power, it provides RAID features running on system CPU,
sharing computing power with OS and all related applications.
Software RAID

14. RAID
Requirements

15. To run RAID, you need at least one controller card and two hard drives of the same capacity. Hard disk can
be in any standard, from ATA, Serial ATA or SCSI, but we should build them in the same type.
How to run hardware RAID
The RAID Controller is the place where the data cables connect the hard disks in the RAID system
and it handles all the data going through. This controller comes in many different forms, from
discrete cards to integrated chips on the BMC.

16. RS3P4MF088F RAID
Controller
(PCIe/SAS/SATA)
PCIe 4 port SATA III RAID
Controller Card
Dell PERC H310
Intergrated RAID
Controller Card
(PCIe)

17. Pure software style
OS-based RAID:
Executing as an application running on the
host without any hardware by using hard
drives connected to the computer system
via a built-in I/O interface, or Host Bus
Adapter (HBA). RAID will be active as soon
as the OS loads the RAID driver.
How to run software RAID

18. Hybrid type
(hardware-based)
soft RAID:
Although this is still a soft RAID, the hardware support helps to improve some of the weaknesses of pure soft
RAID. Hybrid solutions often come with a piece of hardware (such as an HBA with BIOS RAID, or just a BIOS
RAID built into the motherboard). This BIOS helps the RAID function to work when the system has power,
providing redundancy during the boot process, limiting the impact of RAID failures; otherwise, data
corruption or system inoperability may result.
How to run software RAID

19. Integrated hard RAID solution based on RAID-on-
Chip (ROC) technology:
For the ROC solution, the RAID processor need the memory controller, the host interface,
the I/O interface to connect the hard drive, and sometimes the memory, all inside a
single chip. This chip is integrated into the motherboard and provides hardware RAID
functionality at a greatly reduced cost (only a dedicated ASIC chip is required).
Advantages and disadvantages of hard RAID based on ROC technology:
- Advantages: Protection when boot, host-independent RAID application, protect data
from viruses, offloading RAID tasks from host, having its own GUI and software,…
- Disavantages: Limited flexibility & mobility,

20. Hard RAID based on ROC Technology layers

21. Comparison

22. Pure software
OS-based RAID:
This is a low-cost solution similar to pure soft RAID, but requires booting.
The application is aimed at:
1. The entry-level server does not require large data storage.
2. Computing machines connected to network storage.
Comparison

23. Hybrid software
RAID:
Two entry-level RAID 0 or RAID 1 for performance and data availability needs primarily. However, soft
RAID cannot use the boot drive because the RAID function is not present until the OS has finished
booting.
The application is aimed at:
1. The workstation does not require large data storage.
2. The entry-level server does not require boot protection.
Comparison

24. Hardware RAID
The most feature-rich and highest performing solution. It can be deployed as an on-board RAID (RAID
on the Motherboard - ROMB) or by a plug-in card for enhanced performance and availability.
The application is aimed at:
1. High performance workstation requiring large data storage.
2. Server from entry-level to enterprise, demanding performance and scalability from hosting system.
Comparison

25. Comparison Table
In general, hard RAID offers
more benefits than soft RAID,
especially complex RAID
algorithms. For example, many
measurements have shown
that soft RAID 6 puts a heavy
load on the system's
computing resources,
especially in degraded mode.

26. Do you have any questions?
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