Racial Profiling
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Racial profiling has played a large role in public discourse, especially among minorities, following high-profile events like the killing of Amadou Diallo or the beating of Rodney King. People generally see these actions as consequences of race-based policing. After September 11th, 2001, there was an association of terrorism with Middle Eastern identities, which changed America's attitudes towards foreigners and caused even those who did not practice racial profiling to find themselves in that position. National security concerns started to infringe on civil liberties due to paranoia, though this dichotomy has subsided over time.
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Racial profiling has long been controversial, especially among minority groups. Two events that heightened debates around racial profiling in the US were 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina. 9/11 increased profiling of Middle Eastern and Muslim individuals and communities. Hurricane Katrina exposed the racial inequalities still present in America when predominantly Black neighborhoods were left to suffer due to the slow government response. Both events laid bare the racial tensions and differing perspectives that exist in discussions around race in the US.
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Both What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July by Douglass and Thoreau’s Civil Disobedience call the laws of the land into question. Though these two clearly have different backgrounds and life experiences, present the common elements to their arguments.
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Description
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Racial profiling occurs when law officials subject individuals to heightened scrutiny based solely or in part on race rather than reasonable grounds for suspicion of criminal activity. Statistical evidence shows that 72% of racial profiling victims are minorities and 22% of racial profiling citations result in court cases, demonstrating it is a violation of civil rights under the Fourth Amendment. Studies also show that racial profiling is a major cause of stress, depression, and physical health issues in victims. The government has a responsibility to ensure integrity in law enforcement through disciplinary actions like fines, suspensions, terminations, and jail time against racial profiling, as well as policy and training revisions.
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Racial profiling involves law enforcement targeting individuals for stops or searches based on their race rather than criminal behavior. Statistics show that African Americans and Hispanics are searched at higher rates than others for minor traffic violations. While the term was defined in 1998, racial profiling has occurred throughout history and remains an ongoing problem, with only 21 states having laws against the discriminatory practice. Organizations continue working to educate the public and pass legislation prohibiting racial profiling.
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Racial profiling involves targeting minorities by police and others without probable cause. It may be more common due to hate crimes, gang violence, the war on drugs, and terrorist attacks. Two controversial cases involved racial profiling that resulted in injury and death. Statistics show that African Americans and Hispanics are more likely to be pulled over and searched by police compared to whites. The media can help bring attention to issues of police corruption and racial profiling but may also influence public opinion. Preventing future cases of racial profiling requires stricter laws against the practice as well as more education for police and the public. Racial profiling should not be tolerated at any level.
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(1) Criminal profiling began informally in the late 1940s to help investigations but initial profiles were not very helpful. The case of the "Mad Bomber" in the 1950s demonstrated how effective profiling could be when it directly led police to identify and apprehend the offender.
(2) There are two main approaches to profiling - inductive uses research on similar past crimes while deductive analyzes each crime individually. A 2010 study found brief training in inductive profiling produced more accurate profiles than no training, especially for physical characteristics.
(3) Characteristics of the crime scene can provide clues to the offender's personality and organization. Organized crime scenes suggest an offender who is socially competent while disorganized
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Racial profiling has long been controversial in the US, especially following high-profile events like the killings of Amadou Diallo and Rodney King. Two events that exacerbated racial tensions were 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina in 2005. 9/11 led to increased profiling of Middle Eastern individuals, while Katrina highlighted the poverty and lack of support for Black communities in New Orleans. Both events sparked national debates about race in America and whether minorities still face discrimination as second-class citizens.
Post-9/11 American Society
The document discusses how society changed after 9/11, with quotes highlighting that life was very different before and after. It outlines topics to be covered such as domestic policy changes, social/cultural impacts, and attitudinal changes in Americans. Rituals like flag displays and memorials helped create solidarity. Surveys showed increased surveillance support and unfavorable views of Arabs/Muslims initially after 9/11.
The Enemy Within: United States news framing of the Boston bombings
The document discusses media framing of the 2013 Boston Marathon bombings, analyzing how 10 news articles from major US newspapers and CNN portrayed America's victimhood and the identity of the perpetrators in the days after the attack. On the first day when the perpetrators were unknown, some articles implicitly connected the bombings to Islamic terrorism through references to 9/11. The articles also constructed an emotive narrative of American patriotism and victimhood through vivid imagery and historical references. After the suspects were identified as Chechen brothers, coverage shifted to framing them as foreign enemies from the Caucasus region.
Soc345 lect3 911_america_part_1
The document discusses the changes that occurred in America after 9/11, including changes to domestic and foreign policy under Bush and Obama. It examines the official and unofficial explanations for the 9/11 attacks. It also analyzes the US response, including the creation of the 9/11 Commission, changes to government agencies, and the wars launched in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Respond to my Classmate’s Post. Your responses should be substantive
Respond to my Classmate’s Post. Your responses should be substantive in nature, meaning you should present discourse by asking questions of your peers (how did they arrive at their conclusion or what was the premise of their argument). You can challenge one another and present an alternative analysis. All of this should be supported by the research of scholarly, peer-reviewed articles, and authoritative reporting (government).
CLASSMATE’S POST
In an attempt to answer the question about 9/11, it's difficult to reflect on a day when so many people lost their lives in the worst terrorist attack on American soil in history. It's difficult to opine whether it could have been prevented or not. One issue I do believe is that, if President Bush had not made the decision to ground all the planes, there is the distinct possibility that more lives could have been lost. I think it's easy to look at these types of situations in hindsight. As Fred Borch (2003) notes in his article in the Journal of Military History, "There can be no discussion of whether that attacks...resulted from an 'intelligence failure' without defining the phrase. Does it mean these events were intelligence failures because information had been collected (or was available) that, if properly analyzed and disseminated to those in authority, would have provided tactical warning of the attack?" Yes, there were previous attacks on American warships and the World Trade Center, but intelligence officials have concluded that, although there was always a persistent threat of an attack, there was no credible or "imminent" threat that an attack would occur on September 11, 2001.
There are multiple instances of a failure to communicate. Certain leads that possibly weren't investigated thoroughly and there was a two-year long investigation into the attacks by the "9/11 commission." Errors in human judgment in determination of whether every lead is credible or not can play a factor but those judgment errors alone could not prevented the overall coordinated attack that occurred on 9/11. "The investigation turned up no single damning piece of evidence that would have led agents directly to the impending attacks" (Isikoff, Klaidman, & Reno, 2003). There is simply not enough time or manpower to investigate every threat made against the U.S. Government or America itself. Federal agents, in their knowledge and expertise, must use their own judgment to determine whether to follow up on credible leads whether it be an attack on private citizens or property, a plot to kill the President, bombing of a federal building, or other such terroristic events. Again, while it is easy to examine an issue in hindsight, it is the opinion of this writer that this coordinated terrorist attack took too long to plan and was so precise and detailed that there was no way to prevent it.
REFERENCES
...
Inquiry 2
The document summarizes and analyzes the graphic novel adaptation of The 9/11 Commission Report titled "The 9/11 Report: A Graphic Depiction" by Sid Jacobson and Ernie Colon. The summary highlights that the graphic novel closely follows the original report, capturing the fear and confusion of 9/11 as well as exposing the government's failure to prevent the attacks despite warnings. Several panels are discussed in detail for how they illustrate key events and reactions accurately while maintaining a respectful tone. The analysis praises the work for making this important history more accessible and raising questions about what the government knew but did not share with the public.
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Terrorism : A Global Issue Essay
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The U.S. Military Industrial Complex: A Diagrammatic Representation
This document provides an overview of President Eisenhower's concept of the "military industrial complex" and how it has grown significantly since his warning. It describes the military industrial complex as a conglomerate of weapons manufacturers, suppliers, and intelligence agencies that influence policy and budget priorities through political lobbying. While initially dismissed, Eisenhower's warning has become increasingly relevant as the complex continues expanding and influencing foreign policy decisions and budgets, to the detriment of domestic priorities and quality of life. The document also discusses how U.S. militarism and interventions abroad have negatively impacted people in other countries and can result in "blowback" such as terrorist attacks on U.S. soil.
Mae brussels
Mae Brussell was a political researcher and radio commentator who dedicated her life to investigating political assassinations and exposing covert operations she believed were carried out by a "Secret Team" comprising elements of the military and corporations. She began her research after becoming suspicious of the official explanation of JFK's assassination. Over decades, she identified connections between individuals she believed were part of this team and their involvement in events like the overthrow of Allende in Chile. Her work received death threats and her daughter died in a mysterious car accident. Brussell was considered ahead of her time in exposing operations that later received more attention.
Anointed biography
This document contains summaries of 8 sources that discuss discrimination faced by Muslim and Arab Americans after the September 11th terrorist attacks. The sources describe how these groups faced workplace discrimination, bigotry, harassment and hate crimes due to their ethnicity or religious beliefs. They also discuss how the attacks changed views of different cultures in America and the lasting impacts on American lives and security.
9 11 Essay
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9 11 Essay
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Argumentative Essay On 9 / 11
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The 9 11 Attack : The Attacks Of 9 / 11
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The Terrorist Attacks On 9 / 11 Essay
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Disaster Response To 9/11
Essay About 9/11
Essay On 9/11 Conspiracy
Research Paper On 9/11
Cause And Effect Essay On 9/11
9/11 Short Paragraph
9/11 Paragraph
From Watchdog to Lapdop
This document provides an introduction and overview of the relationship between the American news media and the government in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks. It discusses how the news media largely accepted and disseminated the government's framing of the attacks and calls for military intervention without sufficient independent scrutiny or consideration of alternative viewpoints. The document traces how objectivity became an ideal of American journalism and how this limits the news media's ability to fulfill its watchdog role over the government, particularly during times of crisis when patriotism runs high. It argues the news coverage of 9/11 revealed the news media acting more as a lapdog than watchdog to the government.
No Human Being Is Illegal By Ngai, Mae M.Like abortion and gun.docx
No Human Being Is Illegal
By Ngai, Mae M.
Like abortion and guns, immigration has emerged as a hot-button issue in American politics. Because immigration involves concerns in different registers, economic and cultural, it is strangely and perhaps uniquely misaligned in traditional partisan terms (Wong 2006; Zolberg 2006). President Bush cannot manage the split in his own party, between those Republicans who want to exploit immigrants and those who want to expel them. Among Democratic voters, some support cultural diversity and inclusion while others worry that cheaper immigrant labor depresses domestic wages. Political consultants, sensing a no-win situation, are advising Democrats with presidential aspirations to stay clear of the issue altogether.
The lack of partisan coherence, however, does not explain why immigration evokes such heated debate. There is a dimension to the debate that seems irrational, impervious to arguments involving empirical data, historical experience, or legal precedent. This was brought home to me after I wrote an op-ed in a major newspaper about how, during the first half of the twentieth century, the U.S. government legalized tens of thousands of illegal European immigrants (Ngai 2006). I received postcards with invectives like, "stupid professor!" I faced similar hostility during a live call-in show on public radio. Confronted with ranting about how immigrants are bad for the United States, I wanted to counter that immigrants are good for the United States. At one level, negative generalizations about immigrants can be refuted point by point: they do not hurt the economy, they expand it; they are more law abiding than the native-born population; they want to learn English and their children all do (Smith and Edmonston 1997; Alba and Nee 2002).
But this approach is risky. Generalizations reproduce stereotypes and efface the complexity and diversity of immigrant experience. As Bonnie Honig (2001) has argued, xenophilia is the flip side of xenophobia. In both cases citizens use "immigrants" as a screen onto which they project their own aspirations or frustrations about American democracy. Casting immigrants as bearers of the work ethic, family values, and consensual citizenship renews the tired citizen's faith-liberal capitalism. But when the immigrants disappoint or when conditions change, they become easy scapegoats.
As Honig suggests, this kind of immigration discourse is an exercise in nationalism. In an important sense, "Are immigrants good or bad for us?" is the wrong question. It takes as its premise that immigrants are not part of "us." The idea falsely posits that non-citizens are not part of American society and leaves them out of the discussion. The mass demonstrations of Mexicans and other immigrants last spring were significant because they showed that immigrants are no longer content to be the object of discussion but have emerged as subjects with voice and agency. It was particularly noteworthy but p ...
Marital Infidelity: Beliefs and Practices Changing America’s Most Famous Ins...
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College of the Humanities and Sciences
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The Family
The West’s View on Islam/Muslims: Islamophobia?
This research paper will take a deeper look at the West’s view of Islam and asks questions whether it’s all Islamophobia or something deeper. It details how it started, who’s encouraging it and why, who’s benefiting from it, how it’s viewed in other mediums, how it affected Muslims, who are the most prominent public figures fighting it and how it become different in recent years.
Class Discussion: ConspiracyTheories
This document discusses conspiracy theories and provides several examples. It defines a conspiracy theory as any proposed explanation that involves secret plans by a group to achieve a political or social agenda. Examples discussed include theories about 9/11 being a "false flag" operation, the idea of a "New World Order" secretly controlling the world, and theories promoted by Alex Jones about topics like global warming and vaccinations. The document notes that some theories have later been proven true, like government surveillance programs. It raises questions about media bias, government transparency, and why people believe implausible theories.
The UN Danger
The document presents a critique of the United Nations, arguing that it has become irrelevant due to hypocrisy, appeasement, and double standards. It focuses on four main areas: the UN's failure to uphold human rights globally and protect civilians from atrocities and disasters; its bias towards protecting dictators like Saddam Hussein and terrorists like Yasser Arafat; its disproportionate focus on criticizing Israel compared to other conflicts; and issues with how it addresses anti-Semitism and terrorism. Various political commentators and cartoons are quoted to support these critiques of the UN.
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Racial Profiling
- 2. Some Insight Generally, racial profiling has always taken a large role in the public discourse—especially among the minorities, following high-profile events “such as the killing of Amadou Diallo or the beating of Rodney King” (Shally-Jensen 633). It’s not that civilians do not recognize the big issue, for they often express outrage when these big events occur. Mostly, people have generally acquired these actions as “a consequence of race-based policing” (Shally-Jensen 633). One of the biggest tragedies ever laid on the United States— September 11, 2001. Following the event, association of terrorism with any form of Middle Eastern identity followed; suddenly America’s attitude towards foreigners of all sorts started to change. And even individuals who never practiced racial profiling found themselves in this position. One of the worst sides of America was shown through “National security”; for paranoia concerning this issue started to barge into many civil liberties. “Although with the passage of time, this apparent dichotomy has subsided.” (Shally-Jensen 633)