This document discusses water-wise gardening techniques to conserve water in Los Angeles County. It provides 10 principles of water-wise gardening such as following the natural contours of your land to catch rainwater, watering plants efficiently using drip systems or soaker hoses, adding compost to soil to help it retain water, and planting drought-tolerant native or Mediterranean species. It also discusses two methods used to evaluate climate - USDA plant hardiness zones which classify regions by average winter temperatures, and a 24-zone climate system developed by UC Berkeley based on additional factors like rainfall. Microclimates within individual yards can also affect what plants will thrive due to differences in temperature, sun exposure, and other conditions.
Water-Wise Gardening - University of California, StanislausFiorella58v
This document provides a guide to creating a water-wise landscape in Stanislaus County, California. It discusses replacing traditional lawns with drought tolerant plants suited to the local climate and soil conditions. Specific recommendations include zoning plants by water needs, using drip irrigation and mulch, and following proper pruning and fertilizing practices to reduce water use and create an environmentally friendly garden. Lists of suitable plant types, including perennials, shrubs, trees, and ground covers are provided to help homeowners select water-wise options for their landscape.
Waterwise Gardening: Creating Your Own Xeriscape - Oregon State UniversityEric832w
The document discusses xeriscaping, which is a water-wise gardening approach. It describes the seven main components of xeriscaping: planning and design, plant selection, soil improvement, efficient irrigation, mulching, maintenance, and proper turfgrass placement. The key aspects are planning the garden based on the site conditions, choosing plants suited to the environment and water needs, improving soils, and installing an efficient irrigation system to reduce water use. Xeriscaping creates a water-smart landscape that requires less water and maintenance.
Waterwise Gardening: A Guide for British Columbia's Lower Mainland - Metro Va...Fiorella58v
Water conservation is important in the Lower Mainland due to limited water storage and population growth increasing demand. The summer months see lawn sprinkling restrictions to ensure sufficient water. Waterwise gardening uses drought-resistant plants well-suited to the local wet-winter/dry-summer climate that need less watering once established. Careful planning of plant groupings according to water needs and site conditions helps create sustainable gardens.
Waterwise Gardening Manual in the Top End - AustraliaFiorella58v
This document provides tips for waterwise gardening in the Top End region of Australia. Some key points discussed include:
- Up to 65% of water use is for outdoor gardening, so being waterwise in the garden can significantly reduce water consumption.
- Proper planning and choosing suitable plants are important for a waterwise garden. Group plants with similar water needs together.
- Improving soil quality through mulching and organic fertilizers helps the garden retain moisture better. Mulch should be 150mm deep and kept away from plant bases.
- The best time to water gardens is early morning to reduce evaporation. Lawns are large water users so consider reducing lawn areas.
Yard and Garden Water Management - Montana State UniversityFiorella58v
This document provides tips for efficient water management in yards and gardens. It recommends using native plant species that are adapted to the local climate, knowing your soil type and its water holding capacity, and practicing water conservation techniques like drip irrigation, mulching, and watering early in the morning or evening. Proper watering includes applying water slowly to avoid runoff, watering deeply but less frequently, and observing plants for signs they need water like wilting or dull colors.
The document provides a plant list and guidelines for creating water-wise landscapes in Salt Lake City. It acknowledges that historically landscapes have used water-intensive plants but that a transition is needed to more sustainable designs. The guidelines recommend performing a site analysis, improving soils, using efficient irrigation, limiting turf areas, applying mulch, and choosing low water plants suited to the site. An introduction provides context on water conservation needs. Sections then cover landscape program elements, soil amendments, irrigation methods, and appropriate maintenance practices. The plant list aims to introduce water-wise options for beautifying yards while reducing seasonal water demand.
Waterwise Guide to Gardening: A Guide to Saving Water in Established GardensFiorella58v
This document provides guidance on saving water in established gardens through proper garden design, plant selection, soil preparation, irrigation methods, and maintenance techniques. Some key points:
- 60-80% of water consumption in the metropolitan area goes to watering lawns and gardens, especially in summer. Proper techniques can significantly reduce water use without harming gardens.
- When designing or redesigning gardens, consolidate planting areas and use mulches and efficient irrigation to minimize water use. Choose plants adapted to local climate with low water needs.
- Prepare soil by improving moisture and nutrient retention through adding organic matter. Group plants by water needs and install irrigation suited to each zone.
- Warm season grasses like
This document provides resources and information for xeriscaping and water-wise gardening in climates similar to southern Alberta. It lists books available at the Medicine Hat College Brooks Campus library on topics like creating prairie xeriscapes and trees and shrubs for the prairies. Online resources on native plant selection and xeriscape design are also included. The document provides tips for soil preparation, plant selection, irrigation, and maintaining mulch to conserve water in landscaping. It highlights the Brooks Environmental Advisory Committee's demonstration of xeriscaping with native and drought-resistant plants.
Water-Wise Gardening - University of California, StanislausFiorella58v
This document provides a guide to creating a water-wise landscape in Stanislaus County, California. It discusses replacing traditional lawns with drought tolerant plants suited to the local climate and soil conditions. Specific recommendations include zoning plants by water needs, using drip irrigation and mulch, and following proper pruning and fertilizing practices to reduce water use and create an environmentally friendly garden. Lists of suitable plant types, including perennials, shrubs, trees, and ground covers are provided to help homeowners select water-wise options for their landscape.
Waterwise Gardening: Creating Your Own Xeriscape - Oregon State UniversityEric832w
The document discusses xeriscaping, which is a water-wise gardening approach. It describes the seven main components of xeriscaping: planning and design, plant selection, soil improvement, efficient irrigation, mulching, maintenance, and proper turfgrass placement. The key aspects are planning the garden based on the site conditions, choosing plants suited to the environment and water needs, improving soils, and installing an efficient irrigation system to reduce water use. Xeriscaping creates a water-smart landscape that requires less water and maintenance.
Waterwise Gardening: A Guide for British Columbia's Lower Mainland - Metro Va...Fiorella58v
Water conservation is important in the Lower Mainland due to limited water storage and population growth increasing demand. The summer months see lawn sprinkling restrictions to ensure sufficient water. Waterwise gardening uses drought-resistant plants well-suited to the local wet-winter/dry-summer climate that need less watering once established. Careful planning of plant groupings according to water needs and site conditions helps create sustainable gardens.
Waterwise Gardening Manual in the Top End - AustraliaFiorella58v
This document provides tips for waterwise gardening in the Top End region of Australia. Some key points discussed include:
- Up to 65% of water use is for outdoor gardening, so being waterwise in the garden can significantly reduce water consumption.
- Proper planning and choosing suitable plants are important for a waterwise garden. Group plants with similar water needs together.
- Improving soil quality through mulching and organic fertilizers helps the garden retain moisture better. Mulch should be 150mm deep and kept away from plant bases.
- The best time to water gardens is early morning to reduce evaporation. Lawns are large water users so consider reducing lawn areas.
Yard and Garden Water Management - Montana State UniversityFiorella58v
This document provides tips for efficient water management in yards and gardens. It recommends using native plant species that are adapted to the local climate, knowing your soil type and its water holding capacity, and practicing water conservation techniques like drip irrigation, mulching, and watering early in the morning or evening. Proper watering includes applying water slowly to avoid runoff, watering deeply but less frequently, and observing plants for signs they need water like wilting or dull colors.
The document provides a plant list and guidelines for creating water-wise landscapes in Salt Lake City. It acknowledges that historically landscapes have used water-intensive plants but that a transition is needed to more sustainable designs. The guidelines recommend performing a site analysis, improving soils, using efficient irrigation, limiting turf areas, applying mulch, and choosing low water plants suited to the site. An introduction provides context on water conservation needs. Sections then cover landscape program elements, soil amendments, irrigation methods, and appropriate maintenance practices. The plant list aims to introduce water-wise options for beautifying yards while reducing seasonal water demand.
Waterwise Guide to Gardening: A Guide to Saving Water in Established GardensFiorella58v
This document provides guidance on saving water in established gardens through proper garden design, plant selection, soil preparation, irrigation methods, and maintenance techniques. Some key points:
- 60-80% of water consumption in the metropolitan area goes to watering lawns and gardens, especially in summer. Proper techniques can significantly reduce water use without harming gardens.
- When designing or redesigning gardens, consolidate planting areas and use mulches and efficient irrigation to minimize water use. Choose plants adapted to local climate with low water needs.
- Prepare soil by improving moisture and nutrient retention through adding organic matter. Group plants by water needs and install irrigation suited to each zone.
- Warm season grasses like
This document provides resources and information for xeriscaping and water-wise gardening in climates similar to southern Alberta. It lists books available at the Medicine Hat College Brooks Campus library on topics like creating prairie xeriscapes and trees and shrubs for the prairies. Online resources on native plant selection and xeriscape design are also included. The document provides tips for soil preparation, plant selection, irrigation, and maintaining mulch to conserve water in landscaping. It highlights the Brooks Environmental Advisory Committee's demonstration of xeriscaping with native and drought-resistant plants.
Wise Ways to Water Your Lawn - Lincoln, NebraskaFiorella58v
Wise use of water conservation is important for both environmental and financial reasons. It preserves our water resources and saves individuals money on their water bills. Using water efficiently also helps reduce stress on water delivery systems and lengthens their lifespan. There are many simple ways homeowners can conserve water in their landscapes, such as watering lawns efficiently, choosing drought-tolerant plants, and adjusting sprinklers for soil type and weather conditions. The Lincoln Water Conservation Task Force provides tips to help residents be water wise.
Presentation on best gardener practices for water quality and watershed health. Presented to OSU Master Gardeners in Lincoln, Tillamook and Clatsop counties, winter, 2010.
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient GardeningSotirakou964
This document provides information about La Plaza Garden, a water-efficient demonstration garden in Cotati, California. The garden uses various techniques like drought-tolerant plants, water harvesting, and habitat creation to conserve water and other resources. It includes seven distinct garden areas showcasing different techniques, plants, and habitats. The document also provides additional resources for water-efficient and native plant gardening.
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New JerseyKardatou54a
The document provides tips for conserving water on home lawns and landscapes in New Jersey. It recommends watering only when needed, improving soil water retention, using drought-tolerant plants, and applying mulches. Specific tips include watering early in the morning, checking soil moisture before watering, gradually adapting plants to infrequent deep watering, reducing lawn size, and topdressing soil with compost to improve water retention.
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New MexicoEric832w
This document provides an introduction and overview of xeriscaping principles for landscaping in Albuquerque, New Mexico's high desert climate. It discusses how xeriscaping uses native and drought-tolerant plants to create low-maintenance landscapes that require one-third less water than traditional turf grass yards. The document outlines the seven principles of xeriscaping and provides photos and descriptions of suitable trees, shrubs, flowers, and groundcovers for the region. It aims to help residents design water-efficient landscapes that save water while adding beauty.
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoEric832w
The document discusses xeriscaping, a landscaping concept developed in Colorado to conserve water usage. Xeriscaping uses drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation systems to create landscapes that require little supplemental water. It incorporates seven principles: design with different water use zones, efficient irrigation, mulch, soil preparation, appropriate use of turf, low water use plants, and maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can have attractive, colorful landscapes while conserving water resources.
Landscaping improves quality of life and property values, but requires watering during drought to maintain existing landscapes. Xeriscape principles like mulching, drip irrigation, and drought-tolerant plants can help landscapes use water efficiently. Trees should receive highest watering priority during drought as they are expensive to replace. Watering at night and following local guidelines can keep landscapes healthy with less water.
Tips for Water Efficiency - Master Gardeners of Nevada County, CaliforniaDanousis85z
This document provides tips for creating a water-efficient landscape. It estimates that up to 50% of household water is used for landscaping. The tips include using drought-tolerant native plants that match the climate, reducing lawn areas, defining separate irrigation zones, and using efficient irrigation practices like drip systems. Proper planning of plant placement according to water needs and exposure, along with use of mulches and hardscaping elements, can help create an attractive water-wise garden.
This document provides guidance on designing landscaping to improve water quality. It discusses removing turf grass, adding trees and multiple gardens, and using native plants suitable for local soil conditions. The document explains how to incorporate water quality benefits into an existing landscape by observing where water pools and washes out currently, and adding plants, slopes and depressions to address these issues and improve infiltration. Sample garden designs are also presented that utilize wet and dry zones of plants to filter and absorb water runoff.
Landscape Sustainability Checkup: Is Your Yard Ready to Be An Oregon Sustaina...Farica46m
This document provides a checklist for homeowners to assess how sustainable their landscape is, with categories like water efficiency, wildlife habitat, pest management, and more. Homeowners are awarded points for sustainable practices they implement, with a total of at least 50 points needed for certification. Additional resources are also listed for homeowners to learn more about creating an Oregon Sustainable Landscape.
Gardening with Native Plants - Urban Areas of the Pacific NorthwestFujita64g
This document provides guidelines for using native plant communities in urban landscaping in the Pacific Northwest. It suggests assembling plants into simulated successional communities representing different stages of natural forest development. This approach responds well to urban constraints. The document emphasizes the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in establishing most native plants and improving their drought and nutrient tolerance. It recommends introducing mycorrhizae either via inoculated soil, plant roots, or liquid application to support transplanted native plants in the urban environment.
Smart Gardens for A Dry Climate - Coliban, AustraliaFinola87v
tolerant plants to
This document provides guidance on designing and maintaining a waterwise garden in a dry climate. It recommends reducing lawn areas, removing unsuccessful lawn, and dividing the garden into watering zones. Understanding your site conditions like soil, sunlight, and drainage can help you select and place plants appropriately. With careful design and plant selection, waterwise gardens can be as interesting and colorful as desired while using less water.
Creating A Water-Wise Landscape - Virginia Cooperative ExtensionKardatou54a
The document provides tips for creating a water-wise landscape that reduces water usage. It recommends planning the landscape, selecting plants suited to the climate, preparing soil with organic matter, using mulch, and employing proper cultural practices like appropriate mowing and fertilizing. Specific tips include limiting turfgrass areas, grouping plants by water needs, replacing lawn with drought-tolerant groundcovers, and leaving leaf litter under trees to reduce maintenance.
This document provides information on sustainable landscaping practices. It defines sustainable landscaping as an attractive environment that requires minimal inputs like water, fertilizer, and pesticides while balancing the local climate. Some key practices include designing for the site conditions, improving soil quality over time through composting and soil amendments, selecting plants adapted to the climate and soils, using efficient irrigation, and incorporating windbreaks and shade trees for energy conservation. The document emphasizes that sustainable landscaping achieves long-term success through establishing short-term goals like composting and conserving water.
Sustainable Gardening Helps to Ensure HealthBenBeckers
Sustainable gardening practices promote environmental health, mental well-being, and respect for all life. Such gardens use native plants, foster biodiversity, and nurture the soil. Conservation gardening considers the broader ecological community and shifts from a human-centric to holistic view.
Drought Response: How to keep your landscape alive during the drought - TexasFabienne22Q
The document provides tips for conserving water in the landscape during drought conditions. It recommends designing water-efficient landscapes by selecting drought-tolerant native plants, improving soil quality, properly installing and adjusting irrigation systems, and watering infrequently but deeply to encourage deep root growth. Key principles include planning before installing the landscape, getting a soil test, selecting plants and grass suited to the region's climate, and following irrigation best practices to minimize waste and maximize the water that reaches plants.
This document provides gardening tips for the West Kimberley region of Australia, which has an arid climate with high temperatures, seasonal rainfall, and wind. It recommends using local plant varieties adapted to the conditions, designing gardens to reduce evaporation through windbreaks and shade, improving soil with compost, and using mulch and efficient irrigation to minimize water use. Key techniques include grouping plants by water needs, retrofitting existing gardens, adding soil conditioners, and choosing appropriate mulches and watering systems.
Xeriscaping: the Complete How to Guide - Albuquerque, New MexicoEric851q
The document provides a comprehensive guide to xeriscaping or water-wise landscaping in Albuquerque, New Mexico, including tips on planning, planting, irrigation, and a plant list with over 40 trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses that thrive in the local climate with minimal watering once established.
This document provides guidance on creating a water efficient landscape in California. It emphasizes the importance of planning ahead when designing the landscape, including measuring the space, drawing plans, and selecting appropriate plants. Large lawns are discouraged due to their high water usage. The document recommends minimizing lawn size and choosing drought-tolerant plants, trees, and groundcovers. It also provides tips for installing an efficient drip or sprinkler irrigation system and adjusting it appropriately for different seasons. The overall message is that with careful planning and choosing of water-wise plants, homeowners can have an attractive landscape that uses water efficiently.
You don't have to Loose Your Green During a Drought - Sustainable Landscape C...Kaila694m
This document provides guidance for homeowners on caring for their landscape during a drought. It recommends reducing or eliminating nitrogen fertilizer, avoiding weed killers, reducing thatch and compaction, watering deeply and infrequently, and following local watering restrictions. Proper watering involves applying 3/4-1 inch of water per week, either through rain or irrigation, and allowing the soil to fully dry between waterings. The best times to water are early morning or evening.
Water Conservation in Gardens and LandscapesFrida85y
This document provides strategies for conserving water in home gardens and landscapes. It discusses understanding water loss through evaporation from soil and plants and how soil type impacts water holding capacity. Key recommendations include preparing soil deeply, applying mulch, grouping plants by water needs, using efficient irrigation like drip systems, watering deeply but less often, and choosing drought tolerant native plants. Proper soil preparation, irrigation practices, mulching and plant selection can significantly reduce outdoor water usage.
Wise Ways to Water Your Lawn - Lincoln, NebraskaFiorella58v
Wise use of water conservation is important for both environmental and financial reasons. It preserves our water resources and saves individuals money on their water bills. Using water efficiently also helps reduce stress on water delivery systems and lengthens their lifespan. There are many simple ways homeowners can conserve water in their landscapes, such as watering lawns efficiently, choosing drought-tolerant plants, and adjusting sprinklers for soil type and weather conditions. The Lincoln Water Conservation Task Force provides tips to help residents be water wise.
Presentation on best gardener practices for water quality and watershed health. Presented to OSU Master Gardeners in Lincoln, Tillamook and Clatsop counties, winter, 2010.
La Plaza Garden CA: Water Efficient GardeningSotirakou964
This document provides information about La Plaza Garden, a water-efficient demonstration garden in Cotati, California. The garden uses various techniques like drought-tolerant plants, water harvesting, and habitat creation to conserve water and other resources. It includes seven distinct garden areas showcasing different techniques, plants, and habitats. The document also provides additional resources for water-efficient and native plant gardening.
Conserving Water on Home Lawns and Landscapes in New JerseyKardatou54a
The document provides tips for conserving water on home lawns and landscapes in New Jersey. It recommends watering only when needed, improving soil water retention, using drought-tolerant plants, and applying mulches. Specific tips include watering early in the morning, checking soil moisture before watering, gradually adapting plants to infrequent deep watering, reducing lawn size, and topdressing soil with compost to improve water retention.
The Complete How to Guide to Xeriscaping - Albuquerque, New MexicoEric832w
This document provides an introduction and overview of xeriscaping principles for landscaping in Albuquerque, New Mexico's high desert climate. It discusses how xeriscaping uses native and drought-tolerant plants to create low-maintenance landscapes that require one-third less water than traditional turf grass yards. The document outlines the seven principles of xeriscaping and provides photos and descriptions of suitable trees, shrubs, flowers, and groundcovers for the region. It aims to help residents design water-efficient landscapes that save water while adding beauty.
The 7 Principles of Xeriscape - Parker, ColoradoEric832w
The document discusses xeriscaping, a landscaping concept developed in Colorado to conserve water usage. Xeriscaping uses drought-tolerant plants and efficient irrigation systems to create landscapes that require little supplemental water. It incorporates seven principles: design with different water use zones, efficient irrigation, mulch, soil preparation, appropriate use of turf, low water use plants, and maintenance. By following these principles, homeowners can have attractive, colorful landscapes while conserving water resources.
Landscaping improves quality of life and property values, but requires watering during drought to maintain existing landscapes. Xeriscape principles like mulching, drip irrigation, and drought-tolerant plants can help landscapes use water efficiently. Trees should receive highest watering priority during drought as they are expensive to replace. Watering at night and following local guidelines can keep landscapes healthy with less water.
Tips for Water Efficiency - Master Gardeners of Nevada County, CaliforniaDanousis85z
This document provides tips for creating a water-efficient landscape. It estimates that up to 50% of household water is used for landscaping. The tips include using drought-tolerant native plants that match the climate, reducing lawn areas, defining separate irrigation zones, and using efficient irrigation practices like drip systems. Proper planning of plant placement according to water needs and exposure, along with use of mulches and hardscaping elements, can help create an attractive water-wise garden.
This document provides guidance on designing landscaping to improve water quality. It discusses removing turf grass, adding trees and multiple gardens, and using native plants suitable for local soil conditions. The document explains how to incorporate water quality benefits into an existing landscape by observing where water pools and washes out currently, and adding plants, slopes and depressions to address these issues and improve infiltration. Sample garden designs are also presented that utilize wet and dry zones of plants to filter and absorb water runoff.
Landscape Sustainability Checkup: Is Your Yard Ready to Be An Oregon Sustaina...Farica46m
This document provides a checklist for homeowners to assess how sustainable their landscape is, with categories like water efficiency, wildlife habitat, pest management, and more. Homeowners are awarded points for sustainable practices they implement, with a total of at least 50 points needed for certification. Additional resources are also listed for homeowners to learn more about creating an Oregon Sustainable Landscape.
Gardening with Native Plants - Urban Areas of the Pacific NorthwestFujita64g
This document provides guidelines for using native plant communities in urban landscaping in the Pacific Northwest. It suggests assembling plants into simulated successional communities representing different stages of natural forest development. This approach responds well to urban constraints. The document emphasizes the importance of mycorrhizal fungi in establishing most native plants and improving their drought and nutrient tolerance. It recommends introducing mycorrhizae either via inoculated soil, plant roots, or liquid application to support transplanted native plants in the urban environment.
Smart Gardens for A Dry Climate - Coliban, AustraliaFinola87v
tolerant plants to
This document provides guidance on designing and maintaining a waterwise garden in a dry climate. It recommends reducing lawn areas, removing unsuccessful lawn, and dividing the garden into watering zones. Understanding your site conditions like soil, sunlight, and drainage can help you select and place plants appropriately. With careful design and plant selection, waterwise gardens can be as interesting and colorful as desired while using less water.
Creating A Water-Wise Landscape - Virginia Cooperative ExtensionKardatou54a
The document provides tips for creating a water-wise landscape that reduces water usage. It recommends planning the landscape, selecting plants suited to the climate, preparing soil with organic matter, using mulch, and employing proper cultural practices like appropriate mowing and fertilizing. Specific tips include limiting turfgrass areas, grouping plants by water needs, replacing lawn with drought-tolerant groundcovers, and leaving leaf litter under trees to reduce maintenance.
This document provides information on sustainable landscaping practices. It defines sustainable landscaping as an attractive environment that requires minimal inputs like water, fertilizer, and pesticides while balancing the local climate. Some key practices include designing for the site conditions, improving soil quality over time through composting and soil amendments, selecting plants adapted to the climate and soils, using efficient irrigation, and incorporating windbreaks and shade trees for energy conservation. The document emphasizes that sustainable landscaping achieves long-term success through establishing short-term goals like composting and conserving water.
Sustainable Gardening Helps to Ensure HealthBenBeckers
Sustainable gardening practices promote environmental health, mental well-being, and respect for all life. Such gardens use native plants, foster biodiversity, and nurture the soil. Conservation gardening considers the broader ecological community and shifts from a human-centric to holistic view.
Drought Response: How to keep your landscape alive during the drought - TexasFabienne22Q
The document provides tips for conserving water in the landscape during drought conditions. It recommends designing water-efficient landscapes by selecting drought-tolerant native plants, improving soil quality, properly installing and adjusting irrigation systems, and watering infrequently but deeply to encourage deep root growth. Key principles include planning before installing the landscape, getting a soil test, selecting plants and grass suited to the region's climate, and following irrigation best practices to minimize waste and maximize the water that reaches plants.
This document provides gardening tips for the West Kimberley region of Australia, which has an arid climate with high temperatures, seasonal rainfall, and wind. It recommends using local plant varieties adapted to the conditions, designing gardens to reduce evaporation through windbreaks and shade, improving soil with compost, and using mulch and efficient irrigation to minimize water use. Key techniques include grouping plants by water needs, retrofitting existing gardens, adding soil conditioners, and choosing appropriate mulches and watering systems.
Xeriscaping: the Complete How to Guide - Albuquerque, New MexicoEric851q
The document provides a comprehensive guide to xeriscaping or water-wise landscaping in Albuquerque, New Mexico, including tips on planning, planting, irrigation, and a plant list with over 40 trees, shrubs, flowers, and grasses that thrive in the local climate with minimal watering once established.
This document provides guidance on creating a water efficient landscape in California. It emphasizes the importance of planning ahead when designing the landscape, including measuring the space, drawing plans, and selecting appropriate plants. Large lawns are discouraged due to their high water usage. The document recommends minimizing lawn size and choosing drought-tolerant plants, trees, and groundcovers. It also provides tips for installing an efficient drip or sprinkler irrigation system and adjusting it appropriately for different seasons. The overall message is that with careful planning and choosing of water-wise plants, homeowners can have an attractive landscape that uses water efficiently.
You don't have to Loose Your Green During a Drought - Sustainable Landscape C...Kaila694m
This document provides guidance for homeowners on caring for their landscape during a drought. It recommends reducing or eliminating nitrogen fertilizer, avoiding weed killers, reducing thatch and compaction, watering deeply and infrequently, and following local watering restrictions. Proper watering involves applying 3/4-1 inch of water per week, either through rain or irrigation, and allowing the soil to fully dry between waterings. The best times to water are early morning or evening.
Water Conservation in Gardens and LandscapesFrida85y
This document provides strategies for conserving water in home gardens and landscapes. It discusses understanding water loss through evaporation from soil and plants and how soil type impacts water holding capacity. Key recommendations include preparing soil deeply, applying mulch, grouping plants by water needs, using efficient irrigation like drip systems, watering deeply but less often, and choosing drought tolerant native plants. Proper soil preparation, irrigation practices, mulching and plant selection can significantly reduce outdoor water usage.
Water Saving Tips for Your Garden - Waterwise Queensland, AustraliaKaila694m
This document provides tips for saving water in the garden through mulching, proper watering techniques, lawn care, plant selection, and garden planning. Some key points include:
- Using mulch helps retain soil moisture by reducing evaporation and improving soil structure. Organic mulches like bark decompose over time and improve the soil.
- Water only when plants show signs of stress or the soil is dry. Apply enough water to reach root zones but water infrequently to encourage deep root growth.
- Select plants adapted to low moisture needs, like those with small, light colored leaves and deep root systems. Native plants often require less water.
- Incorporate water-saving practices into garden design by
Conserving Water in the Garden: Designing and Installing a New Landscape - Or...Kardatou54a
To conserve water in a new landscape:
1. Start with a plan that groups plants by water needs and uses permeable surfaces.
2. Improve the soil by adding compost or other organic matter to increase water retention.
3. Select drought-tolerant native or Mediterranean plants and water-efficient turf.
4. Use drip irrigation, water deeply and infrequently, and repair any issues with sprinkler systems to avoid overwatering.
Top 10 Tips Saving Water in the Garden - Western AustraliaDanousis85z
Pot plants dry out faster than in-ground plants because they are more exposed to the sun, wind, and have less stored water. It is best to only keep pot plants that are truly loved and group them in a shady, cool area out of the wind. The document provides tips for landscaping and watering gardens to use water efficiently, such as using mulch, collecting rainwater, installing drip irrigation, and watering deeply but less frequently.
Xeriscape Landscape Water Conservation - Texas A&M UniversityEric851q
1. Planning and design is the starting point for any water-wise landscape. Soil analysis will determine whether the soil should be improved so it will absorb and hold moisture better. Practical turf areas are neither too large (turfgrass requires more water than other plants) nor difficult to water efficiently.
2. Appropriate plant selection keeps the landscape more in tune with the natural environment. Native plants generally use less water than exotic plants, but there is room for both in a well-designed landscape.
3. Efficient irrigation can save 30 to 50 percent of the water bill for an average home. Use mulches in flower and shrub beds to reduce water evaporation from the soil. Appropriate
Xeriscape Landscape Water Conservation - Bexar County Youth Gardens ProgramEric851q
This document discusses the principles of Xeriscape landscaping to conserve water in Texas landscapes. The seven principles are planning and design, soil analysis and preparation, practical turf areas, appropriate plant selection, efficient irrigation, use of mulches, and appropriate maintenance. By incorporating these principles, homeowners can help preserve water resources through landscape design and practices that reduce water usage.
Rain gardens are shallow depressions in the landscape designed to capture rainwater runoff from rooftops, lawns, and other surfaces. They allow the rainwater to naturally seep into the ground, recharging groundwater supplies and preventing polluted runoff. Benefits include reducing flooding, filtering pollutants, and creating wildlife habitat. When designing a rain garden, the size and depth depend on the amount of runoff to be captured and the soil type. Native plants suitable for both wet and dry conditions should be selected. Ongoing maintenance includes weeding and replanting as needed.
Drought Smart Gardening Using Native Australian PlantsFabienne22Q
This document provides tips for creating a drought-smart garden using native Australian plants. It recommends choosing plants suited to the site's conditions, improving the soil, using correct planting techniques, watering regularly when establishing and then less frequently, and mulching. Forests NSW Nurseries sell native plants adapted to low-water conditions and can advise on drought-smart garden design.
Drought-Tolerant Landscapes for Alabama - Alabama A&M UniversityFabienne22Q
This document provides guidelines for designing drought-tolerant landscapes in Alabama. It discusses hydrozoning plants according to their water needs, improving soil quality, and selecting plants adapted to the local climate to reduce outdoor water usage. The key recommendations are to zone at least 60% of the landscape for low water use plants, amend soil with organic matter, and space plants appropriately to limit the need for supplemental irrigation.
Waterwise Plant Guide: Beautiful Plants for Sustainable Sunshine Coast Garden...Fiorella58v
This document provides a list of garden centres and nurseries on the Sunshine Coast that offer a 10% discount on plants featured in the accompanying waterwise plant guide. The discount cannot be combined with other promotions. The list includes the business names, locations, and phone numbers of eight garden centres.
Water-Wise Food Gardening Sonoma County - University of CaliforniaKaila694m
The document discusses water-wise gardening techniques for conserving water in food gardens during the dry summer months in Sonoma County. It recommends preparing soil with compost to improve water retention, using drip irrigation systems to apply water directly to plant roots efficiently, and applying mulch around plants to reduce evaporation and weed growth. Drip irrigation requires checking lines yearly and running more frequently for shorter periods to keep the top layers of soil moist without overwatering. The amount and frequency of watering depends on soil type, plant needs, weather conditions, and whether mulch is used.
A Guide to Planting Waterwise - Lincoln, NebraskaKama158x
This document provides guidance on conserving water usage for landscaping in Lincoln, Nebraska. It recommends choosing drought tolerant plants, improving soil quality, mulching, monitoring soil moisture levels, and reducing outdoor watering during times of drought. The primary lawn grasses in Lincoln are Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue, which require different watering approaches depending on the grass type and drought conditions. The overall goal is to adopt water-wise practices to ensure a sustainable water supply.
Xeriscaping: An Approach To Water Conserving Landscapes - Greater Victoria Co...Eric851q
This document summarizes water conservation strategies for landscaping, known as xeriscaping, and provides an overview of the current water restrictions in Victoria, BC due to drought conditions. It discusses designing gardens with drought-tolerant plants and efficient watering techniques like drip irrigation and mulching to reduce water usage. The document also outlines the Stage 3 water restrictions currently in effect in Victoria, which prohibit lawn watering and limit other outdoor water uses, with the goal of reducing consumption by 25-30% to stretch the remaining water supply.
Tasmanian Planting Guide - Sustainable Living TasmaniaFayina19z
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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2. naturally in the soil and in the added compost. They do called "hardiness zones," are represented by bands across
not usually need man-made chemicals to make them the continent.
grow better.
5. Gather the Rain - by catching it in rain barrels when it
falls and holding it for later use. The rainwater costs
nothing and it can be used in your garden during the
summer when the ground is dry.
6. Prune Naturally - try not to force plants to grow into
unnatural shapes, it's hard on the plant and it generates
more green waste that you will need to compost or shred
for mulch. Learn to work with your plants and prune to
achieve a more natural form.
7. Plant Naturally - by layering plants to make shade and
using species that are native to Southern California or
other dry, Mediterranean-type climates. These plants are
naturally rain-watered and are adapted to the wet winter
and dry summer conditions typical of Southern California.
8. Plan Your Garden - a garden can be a natural oasis in
an otherwise barren urban desert. Use your garden to
expand your living area into the great outdoors.
Understand the natural shade and sun of your yard and Figure 2
plan your garden accordingly. Remember: plan the work, USDA Plant Hardiness Zones Map
then work the plan.
9. Plant Wisely - only use plants that have been grown in a
nursery or that come from collected seeds or cuttings.
Never dig up and take wild plants, it's illegal and
damages the ecosystem. Leave them in their natural
habitat for everyone to enjoy. You should also group
your plants together, placing water loving plants together
and drought-tolerant plants elsewhere (hydrozoning).
This allows you to give your plants just the right amount
of water, avoiding over-watering and waste.
10. Share Your Wisdom - talk to neighbors and other people
in your local community. Help people to develop a
knowledge and wisdom of the land so that Los Angeles
County will continue to be a healthy place to live and
work.
GARDENING CLIMATE ZONES
Two methods have been developed for evaluating climate
impacts and are commonly used throughout the western US.
The first was developed by the US Department of Agriculture
in cooperation with the National Weather Service (NWS) has
identified various regions within North America by their 60-
year average minimum winter temperature. These regions, Figure 3
California USDA Plant Hardiness Zones Map
County of Los Angeles -2-
Department of Public Works
Smart Gardening Program
3. In Southern California, we are generally in one of three gardeners know which plants will grow where, so they
zones: 10a, 10b or 11 (some mountainous areas are in wouldn't plant things that would just die because they weren't
zones 9a or 9b). This means that in most areas, the average well suited to the region's temperatures. So what's wrong
minimum temperature never gets below freezing, except on with these zones? Well, while they're useful for
rare occasions. understanding temperature variation, this is not the only
factor you need to know to determine whether a plant will
The second is a 24-zone climate system developed based survive in your garden. Soil types, rainfall, daytime
on research conducted by the University of California temperatures, day length, wind, humidity and heat also play
Berkeley and popularized by Sunset Magazine over the last their roles. You need to know what will work in your own yard
40 years. or garden.
Microclimates
In every yard or garden, there are areas where plants will
grow and others where they will die. This is because of
small differences in the temperature, wind, sun, water,
protective surroundings and even other plants. Most
gardens have two or more microclimates and it's critical that
plants be selected to suit the local microclimate. Houses,
walls, fences and other plants can all affect the amount of
sun or shade in a garden. Sunny areas tend to heat up and
dry out faster than shaded areas. Shaded areas, on the
other hand, receive less sunlight and tend to be cooler and
stay wetter than sunny areas.
Figure 4
Sunset Climate Zone Map
Figure 5
Using Trees and Shrubs to
The Sunset zone maps, which cover the entire United States, Create a Microclimate for Your Home
are generally considered to be more precise than the
USDA's, since they factor in not only winter minimum
The amount and extent of both sunlight and shade is
temperatures, but also summer highs, lengths of growing
seasonal. Shadows are longer in winter (with the noon sun
seasons, humidity, and rainfall patterns to provide a more
at about 30 degrees up) and shorter in summer (with the
accurate picture of growing conditions in a particular area. In
noon sun at about 75 degrees up). In addition, winter days
Southern California, many nurseries and garden centers refer
are also shorter, as short as about 10 hours in many areas of
to the Sunset climate zones rather than the USDA plant
Los Angeles County.
hardiness zones.
During the summer, on the other hand, days are longer,
So, what are plant hardiness zones and climate zones?
lasting up to 14 hours. Even under full direct sunlight, some
Simply, these zones were developed to help farmers and
variation in sunlight intensity and heat gain will occur due to
County of Los Angeles -3-
Department of Public Works
Smart Gardening Program
4. angle-of-attack, heat absorption and reflection effects. South buildings which retain heat may also have similar moderating
and southwest facing structures receive more intense influences.
sunlight than north or northeast facing structures. East-west
running walls, fences and buildings reflect more sunlight Wind
towards their south sides while creating shadier regions on
their north sides. In general, Southern California experiences westerly air
currents during the day and easterly air currents at night.
In addition, these structures may act as heat sinks, actively The wind tends to be greater near the coast and at the base
storing and releasing heat for many hours after sunset. of canyons. However, the local terrain topology can produce
Similarly, but to a lesser extent, north-south running walls and all sorts of unusual, and sometimes severe, wind patterns. In
fences create warmer regions on their west sides and cooler some cases, structures and plantings such as tress and
regions to their east. The material the wall is made of (and shrubs can be used to control undesirable winds, or even to
painted with) can also moderate or enhance the amount of direct cooling winds into certain areas.
sunlight and heat that is reflected back into the garden.
Night Exposure
At night, yards and gardens typically lose heat. Much of this
loss is radiated upward into the atmosphere, or more
accurately, out into space (ultimately). Clouds and humidity
tend to insulate the ground from this type of heat loss,
absorbing and reflecting the heat back toward the ground.
This is the reason why desert nights are often extremely cold,
whereas coastal regions may cool only slightly. In a yard or
garden, any overhead structures, such as shade arbors and
trellises will insulate the area directly underneath. That's why
it's warmer at night under a tree than out in the open. It's this
type of heat loss and heat gain that usually determines which
areas in the garden are most susceptible to dehydration in
the summer or frost in the fall, winter and spring.
Cold-Air Basins
Cold air can be collected and trapped by depressions or
basins in a yard or garden, including man-made barriers like
houses, walls, or fences. Sloped gardens tend to be warmer,
and less susceptible to frost, than their immediate
surroundings since cold air is easily drained off and replaced
Figure 6
by warmer air from above.
Satellite Photograph
Dust from Santa Ana Winds
Heat Sinks
As everyone in Southern California knows, the ocean is a HYDROZONES
powerful climate modifier. Along the coast, the summer
temperatures average 5 - 25 degrees cooler than inland. Hydrozones are an ancient technique that really means
Depending on the weather conditions, there are even days nothing more than grouping plants together according to their
when it can be cloudy and foggy at the coast, while inland the water (as well as soil, nutrient, pH, etc.) needs. By carefully
temperatures soar to over 100 degrees. Even relatively small picking your plants, grouping them together according to their
water bodies like backyard pools and ponds can create a water and other needs and using modern low-flow irrigation
garden microclimate that is cooler during the day and warmer techniques, you can drastically reduce the amount of water
at night. To a lesser extent, areas like driveways, walls and
County of Los Angeles -4-
Department of Public Works
Smart Gardening Program
5. you use, lower your water bill, save time, and generate less drains into the soil and subsoil and begins to move down-
yard waste. gradient (downhill). If you put the highest water demand
plants at the high point of your yard, then any water that
Reducing water waste also helps you get stronger, healthier drains into the soil and subsoil will move down through your
plants by directly applying water to the root zones of plants, yard, helping water other plants and encouraging deep
where it's needed and used more efficiently. A key to this rooting.
technique is establishing a watering schedule. This allows
you to precisely control the quantity, timing and placement of
water, so you will use it more effectively.
Figure 8
Placing High Water-Use
Plants at the Top of a Slope
Figure 7
Drip Irrigation Set-up Soil Type
Low flow watering systems apply water at or near grade, Knowing what kind of soil you have is critical to successful
virtually eliminating runoff and over-spray, and minimizing hydrozoning. If your soil is sandy, water will percolate
evaporation. Because you can also adjust these systems to downward very quickly but will not move out laterally. If your
allow deep watering, you can also encourage plants to soil is a heavier, denser clay, the particles are frequently so
develop deep root systems, improving drought resistance. compact that water spreads quite far horizontally before it's
Low-volume systems can be as much as 95% efficient, able to penetrate down into the soil column. This type of soil
compared with 60-70% for conventional systems. frequently experiences substantial runoff problems when
watered. In Southern California, we have both types of soil,
To use the hydrozone approach, just follow these six simple and most sites are actually a combination of both types. One
steps: nearly universal problem, though, is that most soils in
Southern California lack organic material (for more details,
STEP 1: ANALYZE YOUR SITE please refer to the section on Soils).
The first step to successfully using the hydrozone concept is Climate and Microclimate
to look over your yard or garden carefully. Pay particular
attention to the natural slope of the area, the soil type(s) First, check the climate zone map to see what kind of area
present, your general climate zone as well as any you live in. Think about how hot your area gets in the
microclimate issues in the area, and your existing and summer, and how cool in the winter. Also, if you're near the
planned plant species. coastal areas, you'll need to consider that humidity may limit
your plant choices. Microclimates are smaller areas of your
In general, you should try to group plants that have the yard or garden where the normal temperature, amount of sun
highest water demand (use) together at the highest point in or shade, and reflected light and heat create special needs.
your yard. When you water your yard and garden, the water For example, plants in sheltered areas with more direct sun
County of Los Angeles -5-
Department of Public Works
Smart Gardening Program
6. surrounded buildings or other structures that may absorb STEP 3: IRRIGATE THE BASE PLANT
heat will need more water than plants in shady areas
surrounded by lawn or other plants. In each planting area or hydrozone, you will generally select
a main, or "base plant." The base plant is the plant in the
STEP 2: PLAN YOUR SITE hydrozone that requires the smallest amount of water each
day. When you plan your irrigation schedule, you will design
It is critical to make an accurate, complete plan of your yard each hydrozone's general watering system to irrigate the
or garden. The effort you make during this step will save you base plant, and then select individual emission devices to
considerable time and effort later. If you are planning a new meet the water requirements of the remaining plants in the
yard or garden, you can control more easily how plants are hydrozone that require more water than the base plants. For
grouped and arranging so that plants with similar water "worst case" irrigation you should establish water needs
requirements are grouped together. This will mean that the based on the hottest, driest day in the summer.
hydrozone groupings will naturally follow the physical layout
of the yard or garden. Adjusting for Climate and Microclimate
When developing your irrigation schedule, you should
consider that most manufacturers establish their
recommendation based on national averages. To adjust
these recommendations for your specific climate and
microclimates, you need to consider if the normal summer
high temperatures in your yard or garden is substantially
above 90°F (32°C), and/or the normal relative humidity is
below 50%. If it is, then you should increase the daily run
time of the base plant watering schedule by approximately
50%. However, you should always use caution when
adjusting the irrigation schedule and observe your plants to
be sure they are getting the proper amount of water. Check
for water and heat stress regularly.
STEP 4: IRRIGATE NON-BASE PLANTS
Figure 9
Landscape Plan for Residential Area
Each hydrozone will have only one base plant. Because the
base plant requires the smallest amount of water each day,
Revising or remodeling an existing yard or garden can be
the irrigation system should be designed to service the base
more challenging to design than new sites. In many cases,
plant. The remaining plants in each hydrozone are "non-
you may find that plants with very different water
base" plants. For each non-base plant in each hydrozone
requirements are located next to each other. If this is true in
you should carefully determine each plant's water
your case, you will need to be careful not to mix plants with
requirements. As in Step 3, the normal water demand of
widely varying water requirements in the same hydrozone.
each plant should be adjusted as shown below:
For example, if you have an area that contains plants with • If the normal summer high temperatures in your yard or
differing water needs, you may want to group them into garden is substantially above 90°F (32°C), and/or the
separate hydrozones according to low, medium, and high normal relative humidity is below 50%, increase the
water requirements. You may also need to install separate water requirement for each non-base plant by 50
irrigation line controllers so that plants with varying water percent.
demands can be watered individually according to their
needs. If you really want precision in your watering, many • If your yard or garden is located in a cool climate,
manufacturers supply a variety of devices that actually decrease the water requirement for each non-base plant
measure soil moisture content and automatically water only by 50 percent.
when the plants really need it. These systems are slightly
more expensive, but keep water use to a minimum. • If your yard or garden is in full sun throughout the day or
it is surrounded by reflective structures or paving,
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8. only is more enjoyable to look at, but it’s better for your plants Many of the Water-wise Demonstration Gardens have
and can reduce your overall cost of maintenance. spectacular examples of these plants. In addition, many non-
native species of drought tolerant annuals can also be used,
Pick the Right Time including pansies (purple, blue, yellow, white and fuchsia),
petunias (white, pink, red, purple, blues and candy-stripped)
There is a myth among people who like to use native plants and zinnia (every color of rainbow).
that fall is the only time to plant. This couldn’t be farther from
the truth. In general, the best time to plant in Southern Save Water & Money - Part of the fun of landscaping is
California is in the winter or spring, and if care is taken, you enjoying it. Drought-tolerant plants give you more time to do
can plant successfully in the summer and fall, as well. just that. By including water-smart plants in your landscape,
the time spent maintaining your property can be significantly
The key to success with native plants is to treat them just like reduced. Not only can you reduce your water bill, but you can
a normal plant (e.g. provide them with infrequent, deep reduce maintenance costs. By focusing on plants that prefer
watering when ever they show signs of stress) the first year. Southern California's weather and soils, you reduce the
Once established, virtually all native plants are highly drought expense of replacing less-hearty plants.
tolerant and can survive on just the water they receive from
normal rainfall. It is important to remember, though, that even
drought-tolerant plants, shrubs and trees may occasionally NATIVE PLANTS
need some additional water, so it is important to learn to
recognize signs of heat and water stress. Besides obvious After several centuries of carelessly importing plants from all
signs of wilting, plants give off other distress signals like dull over the globe, people in Southern California are
or droopy foliage, premature dropping of leaves and poor rediscovering the many attractive and naturally drought
flower production. tolerant native plant species available for them to use as an
integral part of their outdoor living areas. Even more exciting
Drought Tolerant Doesn't Mean Dull and Ugly is that many nurseries and garden stores are actively
cultivating and selling native plant species, so the availability
and selection is constantly improving. Much of this success
Many species of drought-tolerant plants live and thrive in our
is due to the many individuals and organizations who have
area. By choosing carefully, you can find drought tolerant
dedicated themselves to the preservation and cultivation of
species that flower with spectacular purples, blues, yellows,
native plants.
reds, pinks and bright whites. There are many companies
that sell native wild flower mixes that contain drought tolerant
annuals that will add spectacular color.
Figure 12
Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve
Native plants are those that evolved naturally in any given
Figure 11 area, in our case Southern California. More specifically,
Drought Tolerant Plants native plants have been defined to include only those species
that were growing naturally in the area before humans
introduced plants from distant places. Contrary to popular
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9. belief, non-native plant species were not originally introduced conditions, thriving without artificial fertilizers. Additionally,
by European colonists. Virtually all Native Americans who native plant species are generally more resistant to local
practiced any type of agriculture introduced non-native pests and diseases, although invader pests and diseases
species, such as corn and squash, into other areas as they may prove problematic. It is easy to see that native plant
moved around. Europeans, however, substantially increased species are very well adapted for inclusion in "low-
the invasion of new plant species by importing them from maintenance" gardens and landscapes.
literally all parts of the globe.
Each native plant species is a member of a community that
includes other plants, animals and microorganisms. The
natural balance keeps each species in check, allowing it to
thrive in conditions to which it has adapted, but preventing it
from spreading uncontrolled. Thus, native species rarely
become invasive, unlike plants imported from other areas.
Native plants provide food and shelter for birds, butterflies
Figure 13 and other desirable wildlife. Many help to stabilize and hold
California Fresh Water Marsh the soil. Their root systems help rainfall percolate into the
Native Plant Community soil, reducing erosion and runoff and improving downstream
water quality. Many of the hillsides in Southern California
Prior to humans, native plants typically grew in communities suffer from periodic landslides and severe erosion during the
with species that were well-adapted to similar soil, moisture, winter because imported trees and shrubs have shallow
and weather conditions. Some of the widespread roots which do not anchor the soil on slopes particularly well.
communities locally included scrub and valley oak, tallgrass Native plant species often have much deeper penetrating
and shortgrass prairies, as well as freshwater and saltwater root systems which are more effective at holding soil on
marshes. Additional plant communities occupied specialized slopes, often decreasing the possibility of landslides and
niches, including savannahs, fens, bogs, flood plains and erosional losses.
alpine areas.
Native Plants Are Interesting
Why Landscape with Native Plants
The diversity of native Southern California plants includes
• Landscaping with native plants has many advantages, interesting flowers and foliage. Native shrubs and trees such
including: as Manzanita and Valley Oak, provide a variety of heights,
shapes and textures in the landscape. Ground covers and
• lower water use (native species, once established, are low growing shrubs such as Island Bush Poppy, Wild Lilac
naturally drought resistant), and California Dutchman's Pipe offer a diversity of color and
texture which grow well in planting beds and as borders of
• better adapted to natural soil conditions, landscaped areas. In addition, Southern California has many
annual and perennial flowers such as Matalija Poppy, Coral
• better suited to provide natural forage, cover and habitat Bells, and Western Columbine offer opportunities for vibrant
for native wildlife, and color while remaining drought tolerant. Another benefit of
native plants is their historical and cultural importance. Many
• more resistant to natural pests and diseases.
native plant species have played a significant role in Native
American culture, or in European exploration and settlement.
Native plant species have evolved and adapted to local A number of species have been reported to have value as
conditions over thousands of years and are usually much food or medicine, while others have been used as fiber for
more tolerant to the prevailing weather extremes at a given
textiles and rope or coloring and dye for various domestic
location. They have adapted to survive winter cold and
purposes. Native plants offer a tangible link to our common
summer heat, periodic drought, wild fires and high winds.
heritage, and provide a bridge to our collective futures.
Once established, most species require little or no additional
irrigation beyond normal rainfall and because they typically
grow more slowly, they generate much less yard waste.
Native plant species are also well adapted to local soil
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Smart Gardening Program