INTRODUCTION قال جلّ ذكره:  ﭧ ﭨ ﭽ ﯦ ﯧ ﯨ ﯩ ﯪ ﯫ ﯬ ﯭ ﯮ ﯯ ﯰﯱ ﯲ ﯳ ﯴ ﯵ ﯶ ﭼ النساء: ١٠٥ [النساء: 105]. ALLAH - the Almighty said (meaning) "surely, we have sent down to you (O Mohamed SAW) the book(this Qur'an) in truth that you might judge between men by that which ALLAH has shown you, so bee not a pleader for the treacherous." Allah honoured this nation (الأمة), by a full and total legislation, this was since its first existence, it and it was the cause of her advancement of abysses defaults to the highest degree of progress in record time. While the other nations proceed in her legislation by the precedents and experiences in a series of evolutionary open endless, the basis of which the whole of the human mind. The importance of the subject stand in that many of the intellectuals as well as others do not know that the basis of the law of Napoleon ( their Miracle!) Is derived in most of its assets and explanation of the doctrine of Imam Malik - may God have mercy on him –. On that day were southern Europe in Spain and Portugal (Paradise Lost) under the enlightened Islamic law (and we ask God to his return to the fold of Islam). That day throughout Europe were in ignorance and darkness, and question them in the ranking of women: they are of human or otherwise? David described (the senior professor of comparative law in France in 1966 ), in his book (Large systems contemporary law); that Islamic law is one of the great major systems in the modern world.

1. 1
QUOTATIONS FRENCH CIVIL LAW FROM
SHARIA LAW
PRESENTED BY:
Dr.AZIEZ SALAH EDDINE
Bessami.doc@gmail.com

2. 2
CONTENTENT
- Introduction…………………………………………………………………….. …..3
- Definitions and meanings……………………………………………………..…….4
- The laws known by the name of their founders……………………….…………….5
- Genesis of the law…………………………………………………………………...7
- The Islamic miracle legislative………………………………………………………7
- The assets of the legislation in the French civil law in general and especially in the
law of napoleon………………………………………………………………………..7
- The emergence of the Napoleonic code……………………………………………...8
- Brief history about the origins of legislation in some European countries and in
America…………………………………………………………………………….….9
- Evidences who proves that the napoleon’s law is based on the doctrine of imam
malik………………………………………………………………………………….10
- proof of the historical relationship between Islamic law and western
society………………………………………………………………………………..10
- Some examples of quotations French civil law (spirit and arguments) from shariah
law……..11
- The more that defended the legislative comparisons from muslims searchers……..14
- Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….15
- References……………………………………………………………………..…..17

3. 3
INTRODUCTION
:‫ذكره‬ ّ‫ل‬‫ج‬ ‫قال‬‫ﭽ‬ ‫ﭨ‬ ‫ﭧ‬‫ﯨ‬ ‫ﯨ‬ ‫ﯧ‬ ‫ﯦ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﯪ‬‫ﭼ‬
:‫النساء‬١٠٥:‫[النساء‬105.]
ALLAH - the Almighty said (meaning) "surely, we have sent down to you (O
Mohamed SAW) the book(this Qur'an) in truth that you might judge between men by
that which ALLAH has shown you, so bee not a pleader for the treacherous."
Allah honoured this nation (‫,)األمة‬ by a full and total legislation, this was since
its first existence, it and it was the cause of her advancement of abysses defaults to
the highest degree of progress in record time. While the other nations proceed in her
legislation by the precedents and experiences in a series of evolutionary open endless,
the basis of which the whole of the human mind.
The importance of the subject stand in that many of the intellectuals as well as
others do not know that the basis of the law of Napoleon ( their Miracle!) Is derived
in most of its assets and explanation of the doctrine of Imam Malik - may God have
mercy on him –. On that day were southern Europe in Spain and Portugal (Paradise
Lost) under the enlightened Islamic law (and we ask God to his return to the fold of
Islam). That day throughout Europe were in ignorance and darkness, and question
them in the ranking of women: they are of human or otherwise?
David described (the senior professor of comparative law in France in 19661),
in his book (Large systems contemporary law); that Islamic law is one of the great
major systems in the modern world.
1(1
)‫باريس‬ ,‫احلديث‬ ‫القانون‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الكربى‬ ‫األنظمة‬1966‫م,ص‬447.‫و‬‫ينظر‬‫الشريعة‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ،‫العطار‬ ‫إىل‬
‫ص‬ ،‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫يف‬‫اإلسالمية‬97.

4. 4
DEFINITIONS AND MEANINGS
*According to el kamus el- muhit (‫المحيط‬ ‫(القاموس‬ of Fairuz Abadi2 ((..The law; a
measure of all things).
*In the lissan el arab (‫العرب‬ ‫لسان‬ ) of Ibn Manzur3 ; ((and the law of everything: the
way and its scale)) .
*According to the book: philosophy of legislation in islam (‫االسالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫)فلسفة‬ of
Sobhi Mahmassani4 that: ((The word law is a Greek origin, and was originally used
in the sense of the ruler ,and became the rule, which is used today in European
languages in the sense as the Shariah Church. It is ... measure of all things, and it is
used in any general definition and obliged, it’s said: Health law and the laws of nature
...))
*According to the book (Introduction to the Islamic law) (‫االسالمية‬ ‫الشريعة‬ ‫لدراسة‬ ‫)مدخل‬
of Dr. Yusuf al-Qaradawi5, he said: ((Our ancient scientists have known that: the
general base that fall underneath provisions partial)).
*According to the book (history of legislation) ( ‫التشريع‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ) to Mustafa Rafii6 : (( the
right and the law cannot be separated , The right is not respected only under the law,
and the law exist it ,only to protect the right , and to impose its safeguards))
2(‫يعقوب‬ ‫بن‬ ‫حممد‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫حممد‬ ،‫آبادي‬‫الفريوز‬817)‫ﻫ‬،‫احمليط‬ ‫القاموس‬ ،‫يف‬ ‫اث‬‫رت‬‫ال‬ ‫حتقيق‬ ‫مكتب‬ ‫حتقيق‬
‫ط‬ ،‫الرسالة‬ ‫مؤسسة‬5،‫الرسالة‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ،‫بريوت‬ ،1416/‫ﻫ‬1996‫ص‬ ،‫م‬1582.
3( ،‫منظور‬ ‫ابن‬630-711)‫ﻫ‬‫ط‬ ،‫شيسري‬ ‫علي‬ ‫فهارسه‬ ‫ووضع‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫علق‬ ،‫العرب‬ ‫لسان‬ ،1‫دار‬ ،‫لبنان‬ ،
،‫العريب‬ ‫اث‬‫رت‬‫ال‬ ‫إحياء‬1408/‫ﻫ‬1988،‫م‬(11/327).
4‫يف‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ،‫صبحي‬ ،‫احملمصاين‬‫ا‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫يف‬ ‫مقدمة‬ ،‫اإلسالم‬‫مذاﻫبها‬ ‫ضوء‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫لشريعة‬
،‫ومطبعتها‬ ‫الكشاف‬ ‫مكتبة‬ ،‫بريوت‬ ،‫احلديثة‬ ‫انني‬‫و‬‫الق‬ ‫وضوء‬ ‫املختلفة‬1356/‫ﻫ‬1947‫ص‬ ،‫م‬5.
5‫ط‬ ،‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الشريعة‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫لد‬ ‫مدخل‬ ،‫يوسف‬ ،‫القرضاوي‬1‫القا‬ ،‫ـ‬‫ة‬‫وﻫب‬ ‫مكتبة‬ ،‫ﻫرة‬1411/‫ﻫ‬1991،‫م‬
‫ص‬23.
6،‫ـطفى‬‫ـ‬‫ص‬‫م‬ ،‫ـي‬‫ع‬‫اف‬‫ر‬‫ال‬‫ط‬ ،‫ـرعية‬‫ـ‬‫ش‬‫ال‬‫و‬ ‫ـة‬‫ي‬‫القانون‬ ‫ـد‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫و‬‫الق‬‫و‬ ‫ـريع‬‫ـ‬‫ش‬‫الت‬ ‫ـاري‬‫ت‬1،‫ـاب‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫للك‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫العامل‬ ‫اة‬‫ـر‬‫ش‬‫ال‬ ‫ـاﻫرة‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ،
1993‫ص‬ ،‫م‬175.

5. 5
Idiomatically:
((the Muslim jurists used less this word kanun )‫,(قانون‬ but used in its place, the
words Sharaa )‫(شرع‬ and Shariah )‫(الشريعة‬ , and legal judgment...Today’s, this word
has three meanings:
*First: a set of legal provisions (code), for example it is said: the Ottoman Penal
Code, and the Lebanese law of obligations and contracts ... etc...
*The second: in general is intended to Shara and shariah, for example as we say:
English law.... Unlike Muslims, who attribute the law to the Shari’a to Allah only.
*Third: the word is used in particular, for each Mandatory base (rule), for example it
is said: the House of Representatives in Parliament legalized law antitrust or....
*Much has been use of the law word in the Ottoman era to denote the judgments of
the state to be differentiated from the rulings of Islam religion, which based on the
Qur'an and sunna. For example usury (Riba) is forbidden by sharia, but permitted by
the law))7
THE LAWS KNOWN BY THE NAME OF THEIR FOUNDERS:
We take some example:
A - Code of Hammurabi8 (1792 BC -1750 BC):
Hammurabi was the sixth king of the first dynasty of Babylon, and is best
known for the promulgation of a new code of Babylonian law: the Code of
Hammurabi. One of the first written ordinary laws (unlike shariah) in the world, the
Code of Hammurabi was inscribed on a stele and placed in a public place so that all
could see it. it was discovered there in 1901 at Susa in Iran and is now in the Louvre
7‫ص‬ ،‫التشريع‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ،‫احملمصاين‬14.
8Wikipedia.

6. 6
Museum in Paris. The code of Hammurabi contained 282 laws. And ((stipulate a
system of the kingdom who heritage is limited to males only))9.
B- Solon law:
(638 BC – 558 BC) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. He is
remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic, and
moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term, yet he is often
credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy.
C-Justinian law:
The Corpus Juris Civilis ("Body of Civil Law") is the modern name for a
collection of fundamental works in jurisprudence, issued from 529 to 534 by order of
Justinian I (482 – 565 c), Eastern Roman Emperor. It is also sometimes referred to as
the Code of Justinian.
D-Code Napoleon:
Known as: The French civil law, his fame noun: the Europe's law10: ((is the set
of French laws issued during the reign of Napoleon - Emperor of France - In order to
work her in the Kingdom French))11.
9‫ط‬ ،‫ـانون‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ق‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬‫ر‬‫ـا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬ ‫يف‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ض‬‫حما‬ ،‫ـالم‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫س‬‫ال‬ ‫ـد‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ب‬‫ع‬ ،‫ـانيع‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫م‬‫الرت‬1،‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫امع‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ـات‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ع‬‫ملطبو‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫ـب‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫الك‬ ‫ـة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫ر‬‫مدي‬ ،‫ية‬‫ر‬‫ـو‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫س‬ ،1964‫ص‬ ،‫م‬
53.
10‫ـوف‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫ل‬ ‫ـر‬‫ظ‬‫ين‬( ‫ـد‬‫ـ‬‫م‬‫حم‬ ‫ـن‬‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ‫ـنني‬‫س‬‫ح‬ ‫ـد‬‫ـ‬‫حمم‬ ،‫ـاوي‬‫ي‬‫املن‬ ‫ـوف‬‫ـ‬‫ل‬‫وخ‬ ‫ـهور‬‫ـ‬‫ش‬‫امل‬ ‫ـدوي‬‫ع‬‫ال‬1235‫ﻫ‬-1292)‫م‬
‫التشريعية‬ ‫املقارنات‬،‫مالك‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫مذﻫب‬ ‫على‬ ‫نائي‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫املدين‬ ‫القانون‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ،‫التشريعية‬ ‫املقارنات‬ ،‫أ.د‬ ‫وحتقيق‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫د‬
‫ط‬ ،‫حممد‬ ‫مجعة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫أ.د‬ ‫و‬ ‫اج‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أمحد‬ ‫حممد‬1،‫السالم‬ ‫دار‬ ،‫القاﻫرة‬ ،،‫التوزيع‬‫و‬ ‫النشر‬‫و‬ ‫للطباعة‬1420‫ﻫ‬-1999،‫م‬
(1/9).
11‫ـه‬‫ق‬‫ف‬ ‫ـني‬‫ب‬ ‫ـة‬‫ن‬‫مقار‬ ‫ـالمي‬‫س‬‫اإل‬ ‫التشريع‬‫و‬ ‫املدنية‬ ‫الوضعية‬ ‫انني‬‫و‬‫الق‬ ‫بني‬ ‫التشريعية‬ ‫املقارنات‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬ ،‫حسني‬ ‫علي‬
‫أنس‬ ‫بن‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫ومذﻫب‬ ‫الفرنسي‬ ‫القانون‬‫حممد‬ ‫مجعة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬ , ‫اج‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أمحد‬ ‫حممد‬ ‫أ.د‬ ‫وحتقيق‬ ‫دارسة‬
( ،‫ت‬ .‫د‬ ،‫التوزيع‬‫و‬ ‫النشر‬‫و‬ ‫للطباعة‬ ،‫السالم‬ ‫دار‬ ،‫القاﻫرة‬ ،‫ان‬‫ر‬‫بد‬ ‫جابر‬ ‫أمحد‬‫و‬1/62.)

7. 7
GENESIS OF THE LAW:
((.....the ordinary law resembles at the newborn, Generates weak, then it
grows gradually until it reaches its peak, the Law accelerates in its development and
growth in proportion to the development of the group that it is governed by her... And
vice versa. In fact, it is the group that created its own law who interested it, and this
law it still follows the group. Unlike Shariah is reveal by ALLAH and it is she who
still leads the nation. ALLAH said:
(‫لكم‬ ‫ورضيت‬ ‫نعمتي‬ ‫عليكم‬ ‫وأتممت‬ ‫دينكم‬ ‫لكم‬ ‫أكملت‬ ‫اليوم‬‫دينا‬ ‫االسالم‬)
(Meaning): "This day have I perfected your religion for you and completed My favor
unto you, and have chosen for you as religion AL- ISLAM". Shariah did not come to
one group without another, or one people without other , or one state without other ,
but it came to all people ...))12
THE ISLAMIC MIRACLE LEGISLATIVE:
This is the miracle in its perfection, with the short duration of its inception,
which did not exceed the quarter of a century (23 years old). Unlike ordinary law,
which has not been completed and never ends in its development in the management
of the human interests.
Note:
No disagreement between Shariah and Law in the literary perspective. But the
absolute disagreement is in source, the first is from Allah and the second is from
human.
THE ASSETS OF THE LEGISLATION IN THE FRENCH CIVIL LAW IN
GENERAL AND ESPECIALLY IN THE LAW OF NAPOLEON:
Abdullah saiid13 in his book (legislative approaches) (‫التشريعة‬ ‫)المقارنات‬ said:
"French civil law had taken from several legislative origins:
First: the Roman law in the south of France than a year (50 BC) to 1785.
Second: Germanic law: In the north of France, who gave the habits law (custom and
habit), who was also in the administrative departments of the North.
Third: Churches law: was a Catholic Church law, which been the first legislation
group in the marriage...
12‫ص‬ ،‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الشريعة‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫لد‬ ‫مدخل‬ ،‫القرضاوي‬24-26.
13(egyptian scholar)

8. 8
Fourth: the law of absolute monarchy: that was found on the orders of (Louis XIV)
[was ruler French between 1634 - 1715] and (Louis XV) [grandson of Louis XIV was
ruler between 1715-1774] and (Louis XVI) [was ruler between 1774 - 1792 ]."14
Fifth: Napoleonic Code (Revolution code): called :The French civil law, his fame
name : the Europe's law15.
THE EMERGENCE OF THE NAPOLEONIC CODE:
Subhi mahmassani said : that "... France in the late Middle Ages [was] prey of
the chaos, same case in all Europe at the time. and the French regions were
fragmented of the legislative point of view in two big parts:
-The northern part: known as: common law countries
-The southern part: known As: country of written law: who it was influenced by
Romanian laws....and after the revolution and the completion of the unity of the state,
Napoleon felt the need to unify the different laws and customs. It was a major step in
replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws.
He has ordered to being drafted rapidly by a commission of four eminent
jurists, established under Napoleon in 1804. And entered into force on 21 March
1804. Known as: The Napoleonic Code, the official name is the French civil code.
this law is still in effect today in France, with some modifications It contains (2281)
articles. "16
It was, however, the first modern legal code to be adopted with a pan-
European scope, followed by the most European countries , and it spread in many
countries that were under British and French occupation, such as Algeria, Morocco,
Tunisia, egypte, in the Middle East... and a lot of African countries17.
BRIEF HISTORY ABOUT THE ORIGINS OF LEGISLATION IN SOME
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES AND IN AMERICA18 :
14،‫التشريعية‬ ‫املقارنات‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬63-64.
15‫حم‬ ،‫املنياوي‬ ‫وخلوف‬‫املشهور‬ ‫العدوي‬ ‫للوف‬ ‫ينظر‬( ‫حممد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫حسنني‬‫د‬‫م‬1235‫ﻫ‬-1292‫مذﻫب‬ ‫على‬ ‫نائي‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫املدين‬ ‫القانون‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ،‫يعية‬‫ر‬‫التش‬ ‫نات‬‫ر‬‫املقا‬ ،‫يعية‬‫ر‬‫التش‬ ‫نات‬‫ر‬‫املقا‬ )‫م‬
‫ط‬ ،‫حممد‬ ‫مجعة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫أ.د‬ ‫و‬ ‫اج‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أمحد‬ ‫حممد‬ ‫أ.د‬ ‫وحتقيق‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ،‫مالك‬ ‫اإلمام‬1،‫يع‬‫ز‬‫التو‬‫و‬ ‫النشر‬‫و‬ ‫للطباعة‬ ،‫السالم‬ ‫دار‬ ،‫القاﻫرة‬ ،1420‫ﻫ‬-1999( ،‫م‬1/9.)
16‫ص‬ ،‫التشريع‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ،‫ينظر,احملمصاين‬100.
17‫ص‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬ ،‫املقارنات‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫ينظر‬65.
18/‫التشريع‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ،‫احملمصاين‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫ينظر‬100-105.

9. 9
- The assets of the legislation in the Belgian civil law: Predominantly taken from the
Napoleonic Code with some changes necessary caused by the special issues.
- the legislation in Switzerland and Germany: relied largely on the Napoleonic Code
while retaining its national character and its theoretical scientific way .This is due to
the geniuses masters in codifying , and it is of the finest laws.
-The assets of the legislation in England and America: based on habit (general
custom) and precedents, known as (common law) ,without any writing of this law.
Many people may think that the American and British judge ruled in its own way,In
other words, without any restrictions.
Subhi Mahmassani, answers19 : ((... This is a mistake, because on their judges must
abide on the habits (general custom) and the precedents in the courts.
but here we point out that the many men in England, demanded notation
(codification) general and official, as stated in the proposal and Westbury (wesbury` s
digest) in 1870, but their quest was not crowned with success, for several reasons:
-The spirit of maintaining the traditions that made her famous .
-the different sects and races that make up the British Empire which give a
multiplicity of laws and different habits)).
EVIDENCES WHO PROVES THAT THE NAPOLEON’S LAW IS BASED ON
THE DOCTRINE OF IMAM MALIK :
•The first : the inevitability of development in the ordinary laws: This is a result of
this limited legislation on the situation and on the time , which it is based on its three
factors (the legislature, the time and place (.
•Second: The legislative miracle : which was completed in a period not exceeding
twenty-three years. Unlike ordinary law, which has not been completed and never
ends in its development, and still scalable as needed.
19‫ص‬ ،‫التشريع‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ،‫احملمصاين‬105.

10. 10
On this subject said abdelkader uda: ((- ... but I compare when I compare
between the law in the present era and the Shariah, I compare between the law who is
in continually developing, And the Sharia since the thirteen century who has not
changed .....))20.
*The third: Silent consensus non-equitable among lawmakers: Abdullah saiid said in
his comparisons legislative (‫التشريعية‬ ‫":)المقارنات‬ Lawmakers have a silent consensus
for not mentioned the shariah which filled the earth with justice,in date that they had
been living in ignorance . The day that they do not marry women unless if she stayed
in the house of Señor, and whenever she stayed with him for a long time, this give
more honor in her husband!!..."21
PROOF OF THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISLAMIC
LAW AND WESTERN SOCIETY22:
That was by several factors:
*the Entry of Islamic law in Andalusia since the year 93 AH / 711 AD., And since
that Muslims conquered the Goths country (‫القوط‬ ‫)بالد‬ (Spain and Portugal) through the
heroes such as Musa Bin Naseer and Tariq ibn Ziyad, and Tarif ibn Malik ....... - Allah
have mercy for them - and Islam radiating his light in these areas dark.
*Increasing incursion of Islam to South Europe until arrived in the south of France in
the provinces of (Lyon), and (Laloire), and (Avignon), and (Poitier), which is the
field of Battle of Tours (bilatoshohada's battle (oct 732/ ‫رمضان‬114‫هـ‬ )) and
martyrdom of commander Abd al-Rahmaan al-ghafiki and others - may Allah have
mercy –.
*The survival of Islam rule in southern Europe nearly eight centuries until the fall of
Granada year 977 AH / 1492.
20‫ط‬ ،‫الوضعي‬ ‫بالقانون‬ ً‫ا‬‫مقارن‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫التشريع‬ ،‫القادر‬ ‫عبد‬ ،‫عودة‬4،‫بريوت‬ ،،‫العريب‬ ‫اث‬‫رت‬‫ال‬ ‫إحياء‬ ‫دار‬
1405/‫ﻫ‬1985( ،‫م‬1/4‫ـ‬24.)
21‫ص‬ ،‫املقارنات‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬61-74.
22،‫املقارنات‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬ ‫ينظر‬50-73.

11. 11
The prevailing doctrine was Imam Malik – R A - introduced by Chaptone (
Abu Abdullah Ziad bin Abdul Rahman, scholar and the Mufti of Al-Andalus, died
:193AH) , companion for imam malik in the era of Hisham bin Abdul Rahman bin
Muawiya king of Andalusia.
*The spread of the Islamic conquest of Eastern Europe by the Ottomans, who arrived
in the Carpathian Mountains in Hungary and ruled by shariah nearly one hundred and
fifty (150) years, and ruled (ottoman empire) for more than three centuries in East of
Europe.
*The Crusades (‫الصليبية‬ ‫,)الحروب‬ which established the friction of Europe with Islamic
legislation.
*Trade: these transactions have created the influential relation in these countries.
SOME EXAMPLES OF QUOTATIONS FRENCH CIVIL LAW (SPIRIT AND
ARGUMENTS) FROM SHARIA LAW.
Sayed Abdullah Says: "We do not respond by one example, but nine-tenths of
the French civil law ".in this research we will mention some examples only , and
who wanted to survey more , he see the references that I will mention some of them
later.
The bill of exchange and transfer:
Al-Mahmassani Said: "..the bill of exchange and transfer were been not known
in Europe before the twelfth (12) century AD, although it was known in all the books
of Islamic jurisprudence , especially in the Hanafi books which dates back to the
eighth(8) century AD, and are also were taken to the West after four centuries said
Grasshov , by Italy at the time of the Crusades , and by Andalusia when it was still an
Arab country .
This effect kept the character in the word transfer itself. Has been suggested
that the word (Aval) French used the sense of showing the bill of exchange signed by
a for the third bail is derived from the Arabic word hawala (‫)حوالة‬ and also like the

12. 12
word (Avaries) used in the French law of maritime trade in the sense marine
casualties are taken from the Arabic word Al awar (‫)العوار‬ "23.
When laws are be applied24 ?
French law: Clause 2, and see also clause 691, item 2281 from the Criminal Law:
May not apply the provisions of the laws on the facts and incidents except for the
future time, after the date of its declaration, the provisions do not apply to the incident
earlier..
Islamic law: the judge cannot base his decision on what was done before this
incident , but the judgment will focus on new incidents only.
When is the deprivation of civil rights25?
*French law: Item 17 : French identity be lost its owner for cause one of three
things:
-The first: Identity taken in foreign countries.
-The second: entry in the service in foreign government without permission from the
king of France.
-The Third: to settle in foreign countries with no intention of the return to the
Motherland.
Note: and it is known that the establishment of trade in the foreign country, with using
commercial premises , Do not enter in this case.
* Islamic law:
In the Aljori manual :(‫األجهوري‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫:)المختصر‬ for anyone which has swear on the
particular sect, is not authorized for him to marry women from this sect.
23‫ص‬ ،‫التشريع‬ ‫فلسفة‬ ،‫احملمصاين‬229-230.
24‫ص‬ ،‫املقارنات‬ ،‫املنياوي‬ ‫للوف‬50.
25‫ص‬ ،‫املقارنات‬ ،‫املنياوي‬ ‫للوف‬54-55.

13. 13
The marriage (26):
French law: Item 165: the marriage contract must be Declared publicly in the
presence of the officer of civil status in the town of the husband or wife.
Islamic law: It is desirable to announce the marriage be celebrated with a feast, our
prophet said: "Proclaim the wedding .“‫بالدف‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫واضربوا‬ ‫النكاح‬ ‫".أفشوا‬
Must testify Two men of good character, Otherwise the marrige Becomes null and
void.(see: (( ‫الد‬ ‫و‬ ‫الدردير‬ ‫شرح‬‫سوقي‬ ).
About reporting loss27:
French law: Item 115: If a man disappeared from his home or place of residence...
of a time for four years, it permits any person close to the missing, to bring the case to
court to settle in what is called: The significant absence or ghaiba mutabara ( ‫الغيبة‬
‫.)المعتبرة‬
Islamic law: the wife of the disappeared, must request the court or the governor to
manage his case.Proclaiming a period of four years, and after that it will automatically
divorce.
Note: watch this similarity in period: 4 years.
Life of couple28:
*French law: Item 213: the husband must protect his wife, the woman must obey her
husband.
*Islamic law : the husband must be protect his wife enough, it should be avoided any
damage, and the wife must obey her husband where she is legitimately obliged.
26‫ص‬ ،‫املقانات‬ ،‫امليناوي‬ ‫للوف‬74.
27‫ص‬ ، ‫املقانات‬ ،‫امليناوي‬ ‫للوف‬63،64.
28‫ص‬ ، ‫املقانات‬ ،‫امليناوي‬ ‫للوف‬90.

14. 14
How invalidate the marriages29?
French law item 227: the marriage can be cancelled for three things: first: the death
of one of couple. Second: Divorce convicted in a court of law. Third: Judgment
implicitly requires civil death.
Islamic law: It is known that the death makes the marriage non-existent, and divorce
also annuls the marriage, and put it in dead's list by missing ; judged as dead.
Where has Napoleon took these similarities and sometimes these approvals in his
legislation? Where he did not receive any revelations from ALLAH( S W)!
THE MORE THAT DEFENDED THE LEGISLATIVE COMPARISONS
FROM MUSLIMS SEARCHERS:
1)Sheikh Mohammed Hassanein bin Mohammed Makhlouf (makhlov Minawi 1235
AH --1292): in his book the legislative comparisons application of civil and criminal
law on the doctrine of Imam Malik .
)‫مالك‬ ‫االمام‬ ‫مذهب‬ ‫على‬ ‫والجنائي‬ ‫المدني‬ ‫القانون‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ‫اتشريعية‬ ‫(المقارنات‬
2)Sheikh Sayed Ali Abdullah Hussein Scholars of Al-Azhar in his book: comparisons
between the legislative civil and Islamic law, a comparison between the jurisprudence
of French law an the doctrine of Imam Malik ibn Anas.
‫الق‬ ‫فقه‬ ‫بين‬ ‫مقارنة‬ ،‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫والتشريع‬ ‫المدنية‬ ‫الوضعية‬ ‫القوانين‬ ‫بين‬ ‫التشريعية‬ ‫(المقارنات‬‫ومذهب‬ ‫الفرنسي‬ ‫انون‬
) ‫أنس‬ ‫بن‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫اإلمام‬
3) Subhi Mahmassani in his books :
" In the paths of justice " And " legislative conditions in the Arab state past and
present “ And " jurisprudence in Islam Introduction to the study of the law in the light
of doctrines different light modern laws "
29‫ص‬ ،‫املقارنات‬ ،‫امليناوي‬ ‫للوف‬95.

15. 15
‫التشري‬ ‫"األوضاع‬ ‫العدالة"و‬ ‫دروب‬ ‫"في‬‫وحاضرها‬ ‫ماضيها‬ ‫العربية‬ ‫الدولة‬ ‫في‬ ‫عية‬"‫التشري‬ ‫"فلسفة‬ ‫و‬‫اإلسالم‬ ‫في‬ ‫ع‬
"‫الحديثة‬ ‫القوانين‬ ‫وضوء‬ ‫المختلفة‬ ‫مذاهبها‬ ‫ضوء‬ ‫على‬ ‫الشريعة‬ ‫دراسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مقدمة‬.
CONCLUSION
I conclude this study by the correspondence witch was made on 13.02.1946;
by Sayed Ali Abd Allah, and sent to the royal majesty Farouk I, King of Egypt at
that time:
".... Legislators of Islam have left us a considerable pride in governance rules
and the assets of the legislation, pirated by Western's lawyers, and they pirate also
(these legislative principles) to each legal vacuum, after injects their legislation in
Islamic nations as if it were their fruit.
And Allah knows that it is the rules of Islam and the research of Muslim legal
schools. And after that they have agreed a silent consensus, to not declare the spiritual
origins of this legislation..... I do not say that instinctively.... but I do that after
studying Islamic law, and have been one of the scholars of al-Azhar El Sharif, and
after studying ordinary legislation at the European universities (French) …. Thus I
found myself indebted to my religion by obligation to demonstrate to everyone and
especially to Muslims that ordinary legislation has been inspired from the Islamic law.
Therefore, I wrote "‫التشريعية‬ ‫("المقارنات‬Legislative comparisons) after a long search that
lasted seven years, during which I translated the French jurisprudence.... then I
compared with the legislative texts specifically under the light of Imam Malik Ibn El
Aness osbohi. "30
30‫ص‬ ،‫المقارنات‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬33.

16. 16
‫تم‬ْ‫خ‬َ‫أ‬‫يوم‬ ‫في‬ ‫الملكية‬ ‫السرايا‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫علي‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬ ‫من‬ ‫المراسلة‬ ‫بهذه‬ ‫المبحث‬ ‫هذا‬13/2/1946‫ملك‬ ‫وكان‬ ،
.‫علي‬ ‫محمد‬ ‫أسرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫عشر‬ ‫الحادي‬ ‫مصر‬ ‫ملك‬ ‫األول‬ ‫فاروق‬ ‫الملك‬ ‫الوقت‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫مصر‬
‫عن‬ ‫فأخذه‬ .‫التشريع‬ ‫وأصول‬ ‫الحكم‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫من‬ ،‫الدهر‬ ‫مدى‬ ً‫ا‬‫فخر‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫ما‬ ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫مشرعوا‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫ترك‬ ..."‫علماء‬ ‫هم‬
‫على‬ ‫المغلوبة‬ ‫األمم‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يردونه‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الحياة‬ ‫مشاكل‬ ‫أمامهم‬ ‫تشعبت‬ ‫ما‬ّ‫ل‬‫ك‬ ‫منه‬ ‫ينهلون‬ ‫زالوا‬ ‫وال‬ ،‫الوضعية‬ ‫القوانين‬
‫ومذاهب‬ ‫اإلسالم‬ ‫قواعد‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫يعلم‬ ‫وهللا‬ ،‫وتفكيرهم‬ ‫عملهم‬ ‫من‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫أجنبي‬ ‫بتشريع‬ ‫المبتالة‬ ،‫أمرها‬
‫ه‬ ‫ذكر‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫على‬ ً‫ا‬‫سكوتي‬ ً‫ا‬‫إجماع‬ ‫أجمعوا‬ ‫ثم‬ ،‫المجتهدين‬‫فقد‬ ‫جزافا‬ ‫القول‬ ‫ألقي‬ ‫لست‬ ... ‫السماوي‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫ذا‬
‫أوربا‬ ‫بجامعات‬ ‫الوضعية‬ ‫القوانين‬ ‫درست‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫الشريف‬ ‫األزهر‬ ‫علماء‬ ‫من‬ ُ‫وكنت‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫درست‬
‫التشريع‬ ‫من‬ ‫الوضعي‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫أخذ‬َ‫م‬ ‫خاصة‬ ‫وللمسلمين‬ ‫كافة‬ ‫للناس‬ ‫ّن‬‫ي‬‫أب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫لديني‬ ‫عنقي‬ ‫في‬ ً‫ا‬‫دين‬ ‫فوجدت‬
‫في‬ِّّ‫ل‬‫مؤ‬ ‫فوضعت‬ ،‫اإلسالمي‬‫فقه‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫ترجمت‬ ,‫سنين‬ ‫سبع‬ ]‫[دامت‬ ‫شاقة‬ ‫بحوث‬ ‫بعد‬ ]‫التشريعية‬ ‫[المقارنات‬ ‫هذا‬
‫أنس‬ ‫بن‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫مذهب‬ ‫على‬ ً‫ا‬‫خصوص‬ ‫الشرعية‬ ‫بالنصوص‬ ‫قابلته‬ ‫....ثم‬ ‫الفرنسي‬ ‫القانون‬
))‫األصبحي‬(31).
.
31
‫ص‬ ،‫المقارنات‬ ،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬33.

17. 17
REFERENCES
*
( ،‫منظور‬ ‫ابن‬630-711)‫ﻫ‬،‫العرب‬ ‫لسان‬،‫ط‬ ،‫شيسري‬ ‫علي‬ ‫فهارسه‬ ‫ووضع‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫علق‬1،‫العريب‬ ‫اث‬‫رت‬‫ال‬ ‫إحياء‬ ‫دار‬ ،‫لبنان‬ ،
1408/‫ﻫ‬1988(،‫م‬11/327.)
*
‫احلديث‬ ‫القانون‬ ‫يف‬ ‫الكربى‬ ‫األنظمة‬‫يس‬‫ر‬‫با‬ ,1966‫م,ص‬447.
*
،‫السالم‬ ‫عبد‬ ،‫الرتمانيع‬‫القانون‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫يف‬ ‫حماضرات‬‫ط‬ ،1،‫امعية‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ملطبوعات‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ‫الكتب‬ ‫ية‬‫ر‬‫مدي‬ ،‫ية‬‫ر‬‫سو‬ ،1964‫ص‬ ،‫م‬53.
*
،‫مصطفى‬ ،‫افعي‬‫ر‬‫ال‬‫والشرعية‬ ‫القانونية‬ ‫والقواعد‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫تاريخ‬‫ط‬ ،1،‫للكتاب‬ ‫العاملية‬ ‫اة‬‫الشر‬ ‫القاﻫرة‬ ،1993‫ص‬ ،‫م‬175.
*
‫تطبيق‬ ،‫العطار‬‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫العامل‬ ‫يف‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الشريعة‬‫ص‬ ،97.
*
( ‫يعقوب‬ ‫بن‬ ‫حممد‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫حممد‬ ،‫آبادي‬ ‫الفريوز‬817)‫ﻫ‬،‫احمليط‬ ‫القاموس‬‫حتقيق‬ ‫مكتب‬ ‫حتقيق‬ ،‫ط‬ ،‫الرسالة‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫يف‬ ‫اث‬‫رت‬‫ال‬5،‫بريوت‬ ،
،‫الرسالة‬ ‫مؤسسة‬1416/‫ﻫ‬1996‫ص‬ ،‫م‬1582.
*
،‫يوسف‬ ،‫القرضاوي‬‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫الشريعة‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫لد‬ ‫مدخل‬‫ط‬ ،1‫ـ‬‫ة‬‫وﻫب‬ ‫مكتبة‬ ،‫القاﻫرة‬ ،1411/‫ﻫ‬1991‫ص‬ ،‫م‬23.
*
،‫صبحي‬ ،‫احملمصاين‬‫اإلسالم‬ ‫يف‬ ‫التشريع‬ ‫فلسفة‬،،‫احلديثة‬ ‫انني‬‫و‬‫الق‬ ‫وضوء‬ ‫املختلفة‬ ‫مذاﻫبها‬ ‫ضوء‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلسالمية‬ ‫يعة‬‫ر‬‫الش‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫يف‬ ‫مقدمة‬
،‫ومطبعتها‬ ‫الكشاف‬ ‫مكتبة‬ ،‫بريوت‬1356/‫ﻫ‬1947‫ص‬ ،‫م‬5.
*
،‫هللا‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫سيد‬ ،‫حسني‬ ‫علي‬‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫والتشريع‬ ‫املدنية‬ ‫الوضعية‬ ‫القوانني‬ ‫بني‬ ‫التشريعية‬ ‫املقارنات‬‫نسي‬‫ر‬‫الف‬ ‫القانون‬ ‫فقه‬ ‫بني‬ ‫نة‬‫ر‬‫مقا‬
‫أنس‬ ‫بن‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫ومذﻫب‬،‫السالم‬ ‫دار‬ ،‫القاﻫرة‬ ،‫ان‬‫ر‬‫بد‬ ‫جابر‬ ‫أمحد‬‫و‬ ‫حممد‬ ‫مجعة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫د‬ .‫أ‬ , ‫اج‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أمحد‬ ‫حممد‬ ‫أ.د‬ ‫وحتقيق‬ ‫دارسة‬
( ،‫ت‬ .‫د‬ ،‫يع‬‫ز‬‫التو‬‫و‬ ‫النشر‬‫و‬ ‫للطباعة‬1/62.)
*
،‫القادر‬ ‫عبد‬ ،‫عودة‬‫الوضعي‬ ‫بالقانون‬ ً‫ا‬‫مقارن‬ ‫اإلسالمي‬ ‫التشريع‬‫ط‬ ،4،‫العريب‬ ‫اث‬‫رت‬‫ال‬ ‫إحياء‬ ‫دار‬ ،‫بريوت‬ ،1
*
( ‫حممد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫حسنني‬ ‫د‬‫حمم‬ ،‫املنياوي‬ ‫وخلوف‬ ‫املشهور‬ ‫العدوي‬ ‫للوف‬1235‫ﻫ‬-1292)‫م‬‫التشريعية‬ ‫املقارنات‬‫املدين‬ ‫القانون‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ،
‫ط‬ ،‫حممد‬ ‫مجعة‬ ‫علي‬ ‫أ.د‬ ‫و‬ ‫اج‬‫ر‬‫س‬ ‫أمحد‬ ‫حممد‬ ‫أ.د‬ ‫وحتقيق‬ ‫اسة‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ،‫مالك‬ ‫اإلمام‬ ‫مذﻫب‬ ‫على‬ ‫نائي‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬1‫النشر‬‫و‬ ‫للطباعة‬ ،‫السالم‬ ‫دار‬ ،‫القاﻫرة‬ ،
،‫يع‬‫ز‬‫التو‬‫و‬1420‫ﻫ‬-1999( ،‫م‬1/9.)

18. 18
APPENDIX
Code of Hammurabi stele. Louvre Museum, Paris
Solon law

19. 19
Justinian I
The cover of the NapoleonicCode,issuedin 1804

20. 20
The Napoleonic Code