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1. Transferable and
Non-Transferable
Property
Section 6 of Transfer of Property Act,
1882

2. What May
Be
Transferred
(Section 6)
• Section 6 is based on the maxim ‘alienation rei prefertur
juri accrescendi’ - Law favours alienation to
accumulation.
• Any attempt to interfere with the right of alienation of
the owner is frowned upon.
• Hence transferability is general rule and non-
transferability is an exception.
• Three exceptions where transfer of property is
prohibited-
- Transferor does not possess a valid title to the property
and is merely hoping to acquire one in future.
- Transferor has an interest in property that is restricted
for his personal enjoyment.
- Transfer is against public policy.

3. What May Be Transferred (Section 6)
• Sec. 6 - Property of any kind may be transferred, except as otherwise
provided by this Act or by any other law for the time being in force.
Property of any
kind maybe
transferred except
Spec- successionis
Mere Right of Re-
entry
Easement apart
from Dominant
Heritage
Restricted Interest
Right. to Future
Maintenance
Mere Right to Sue
Untransferable
Right of
Occupancy
Public Office
Pension &
Stipends
Transfer Opposed
to Nature of
Interest

4. Spes-
Successionis,
Section 6(a)
Section 6 (a) The chance of an heir-apparent succeeding to
an estate, the chance of a relation obtaining a legacy on
the death of a kinsman, or any other mere possibility of a
like nature, cannot be transferred.
• Spes-Successionis – Expectation/hope of succession.
• Spes-Successionis - Following are not transferable-
a) chance of an heir-apparent succeeding to an estate,
b) chance of a relation obtaining a legacy on the death of a
kinsman or
c) any other mere possibility of like nature

5. Section 6(a): Chance of an heir-apparent
Spes-Successionis
Heir-apparent Legacy Any other Possibility
of like nature
May not
survive the
Propositus
Propositus
has made a
will
Lagatee may not
survive the
testator
Testator may have
made another will

6. Spes-Successionis, Section 6(a)
• F is a hindu male. He dies leaving behind his wife, W and brother, B. Being the class I heir,
the property of F will vest in W and B will merely have a chance of getting the property.
• B getting the property of F is dependent on three conditions:
- B survives W
- W leaves the property intact
- W may make a will of her property
• If during the lifetime of W, B transfers the property with the conviction that he is the
future owner, such a transfer will be void.
• However, if next day W dies, leaving the property intact and B actually becomes the
owner of the property but now refuses to part with the property, the subsequent
transferee cannot claim the property as such transfers are void ab intio and therefore,
cannot be enforced. However, he can claim the consideration amount.

7. Spes-Successionis, Section 6(a)
F
W
B
X
Samsuddin V. Abdul Husein (1906)
Official assignee, Madras V. Sampath Naidu (1933)

8. Chance of
obtaining a
legacy
• Cannot be transferred. If transferred, such a
transfer will be void.
• Example: X makes a will and under it,
bequeaths his house to Y. Till X is alive, Y
only has a chance of obtaining this legacy
and hence, he cannot transfer the property
before the operation of the will.
• Future Possibility of like nature- cannot be
transferred.
• Examples- lottery/ prize money cannot be
transferred.

9. Mere right of re-entry
• Right of re-entry means right to resume possession.
• The right of re-entry is connected or accompanied wit interest in a
land. Mere right or re-entry not accompanied with any other interest
is not transferable.
• In case of breach of any condition of lease or tenancy, lessor or
landlord can terminate agreement and transfer property to another.
But without cancelling agreement he cannot assign right to enter to
another

10. Easement apart from dominant heritage
• Easement is a right which exists for the beneficial enjoyment of a land
and is exercised upon the land of another person.
• The land for whose beneficial enjoyment right exists is called as
dominant heritage. And land upon which the rights is exercised is
called as servient heritage.
• Easement right is not personal right but attached to dominant
heritage. It cannot be separated and transferred.

11. Restricted interest
• Certain interests in a property are to be enjoyed by the owner alone
and cannot be transferred.
• Example : Teacher right to teach, emoluments attached to some
office, maintenance granted to wife.
• If A gave his land to B for performing marriage of B's daughter for
some days. B after performing marriage gave land to C. Such transfer
is invalid.

12. Right to future maintenance
• The right to maintenance is purely a personal right and can neither be
transferred nor be attached in execution of decree.
• Right to receive maintenance is personal right and for his/her own
benefits. Such right is non transferable.

13. Mere right to sue
• Right to sue is actionable claim.
• Actionable claim is a claim for a certain amount of money and can be
transferred.
• But right to sue for uncertain or indefinite sum of money is not
transferable.
• Example: A publishes defamatory statement against B. Under the law
of tort B has a right to claim damages from A. B think that he must
sue A claiming Rs 1 Lac. But instead of filing suit he assign this right to
C. This assignment of right to sue from B to C is invalid.

14. • Public office and Salary of public office- There is prohibition on
transfer of Public office and Salary of public office.
• Pension and stipends
- Stipends allowed to military, naval, air force and civil pensioners of the
Government and the political pensions cannot be transferred.
- Pension is granted for past personal service and for family and
dependants.

15. Transfer opposed to nature of interest etc.-
Under this clause there is prohibition in the transfer of property under
certain situation-
1. Where transfer is opposed to the nature of interest created thereby.
• There are certain properties which by their very nature can neither
be owned not transferred. Like air, light, space, sea. or for religious
purposes.
• Such property is known as res-communis i.e. property of the whole
community of the world.

16. 2. Transfer where its object or consideration is unlawful-
• Any transfer is unlawful where its object of consideration is unlawful as per the section
23 of the Indian Contract Act 1872.
A transfer is unlawful if-
a. its is forbidden by law,
b. it is of such nature that if permitted it would defeat the provision of any law or,
c. it is fraudulent or,
d. it involves injury to a person or property of the others or,
e. it is immoral or opposed to public policy.

17. 3. Transfer made to a disqualified transferee- For a valid transfer the
transferee must be legally qualified.
• A legally disqualified transferee make transfer invalid. Eg. insolvent,
transfer to presiding officer or court officer, advocate during litigation,
etc.

18. Untransferable Right of Occupancy
• Right of occupancy - Certain rights of occupancy are made
inalienable for example occupancy of a tenant, farmer interest in
agricultural land.

19. References
• Transferability under sec 6 of the TP Act, available at
https://www.academia.edu/37423690/transferability_under_sec_6_
of_the_TP_act
• Not all property can be transferred, available at
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-
mentor/article29168683.ece