Islam is a comprehensive way of all details in our life, which covers all aspect of human life and activities including the administration of organization or institution .
In Islam, the administration plays the main role for the success of muslims’ organization. the Islamic principles in administration provide a more comprehensive system as they incorporate both moral and spiritual dimensions.
The basic principles of Islamic administration are extracted from the primary and secondary sources of shariah.
Islamic principles of administration do not merely serve as a concept or theoretical aspect in the Islamic administration but rather as a very practical tool in serving the needs of any organization in facing the challenges of this new globalization era.
1. Administration of Islamic affairs
in Algeria
Presented by
Dr. Aziez Salaheddine
Bessami.doc@gmail.com
2. Content
• Introduction
• History of Islam in Algeria
• The Ministry of Religious Affairs and awqaf
• Supreme Islamic Council
• Administration of waqf
• Administration of zakat
• Hajj and Umrah
• the institution of the mosque
• Administration of masjid
• Administration of Judgment/kada
• conclusion
3. Introduction
• Islam is a comprehensive way of all details in our life,
which covers all aspect of human life and activities
including the administration of organization or institution .
• In Islam, the administration plays the main role for the
success of muslims’ organization. the Islamic principles
in administration provide a more comprehensive system as
they incorporate both moral and spiritual dimensions.
• The basic principles of Islamic administration are extracted
from the primary and secondary sources of shariah.
• Islamic principles of administration do not merely serve as a
concept or theoretical aspect in the Islamic administration but
rather as a very practical tool in serving the needs of any
organization in facing the challenges of this new globalization
era.
4. background of Islamic administration
in Algeria
• In Algeria the vast majority of citizens are Sunni Muslims belonging to
Maliki school of jurisprudence . resident Christians, numbering less than 1% of the
population, are mainly foreigners.
• Islam was first brought to Algeria (Algeria was known as middle maghreb) by
the Umayyad dynasty following the Islamic conquests by Uqba ibn Nafi (62H/
seventh century).
• Algerian state was founded in 1516 by two brothers Khaireddin and aruj
barbarus(origins of turk).at the stage the islamic affairs ruled by the Ottomans
empire.
• The basic components of the identity of Algerian people are Islam, Arabite and
berberite.
• Algeria now is a republic of western North Africa with a population of 35 million. It
is the second largest country in Africa in terms of area (2381741 square KM) .
5. Islamic Administration
in the colonial period 1830-1962
• The French Colonial period 1830-1962.
• The war of independence which culminated
the end of 132 years of struggle against one of
the most cruel colonization projects in
history.
6. Cont..
French law:
• Muslims could not hold public meetings, or leave
their homes or villages without permission.
• Legally, the indigene became without their full
rights unless they renounced Islamic law. Few
did so.
• The land of Islamic charitable (habus/wakaf) was
confiscated.
• The traditional Quranic schools and zawias..
were was closed ,or destroyed,
7. Cont..
• Indeed French colonizers, driven by destructive
craving for domination, implemented a highly
advanced acculturation policy based on a cultural
policy of colonization designed and reflected at the
highest state circles [Camille Riesler, 2004].
• Eradication of sharia law
• Implementation of Napoleonic code
8. Islamic Administration
after independence(1962)
• The first founder text of the Algerian nation being
used as the goal of the fight for national liberation:
"The establishment of the sovereign democratic
social Algerian state within the framework of
Islamic principles" [The Declaration of November 1,
1954]
• Article 2 of constitution(1963/1989/1996/2008):
Islam is the religion of the state.
9. Administration of Islamic affairs
A I A:
divided in three main
bodies
Supreme Islamic
Council
Ministry of Religious
Affairs:
-Managing or
organizing affairs and
religious rites of the
population of Algeria.
-Oversees the
activities of
adherents of other
religions approved.
The judiciary(kada) is
divided into:
- laws of individual
and family
circumstances
derived from the
Islamic shariah law.
- Civil laws derived
from Napoleon law.
10. Supreme Islamic Council
• Supreme Islamic Council is an independent constitutional
institution.
• according to the Constitution of 1989, Article 161: the high Islamic
Council, is established directly by the President of republic.
• Islamic Supreme Council appoints president from among its
members.
• Islamic Supreme Council consists of 15 members, including a
president appointed by the president of the republic from among
the top national competencies in various fields of science.
• The Constitution defines the functions of the Supreme Islamic
Council in legal advice,
• And the diligence required by contemporary Islam in facing the
problems due to social changes and major cultural.
11. Cont..
• Basic objectives:
• Issuing fatwas
• Training and religious education
• Dissemination of correct Islamic culture
• contribute to the development of Islamic thought and ijtihad
• Develop thinking and diligence.
• Make Islam immune from political practices.
• Provide for all matters related to Islam that allows corrects
erroneous perceptions and highlight the real foundations and the
correct understanding.
• Religious guidance and dissemination of Islamic culture inside
and outside the country.
12. The Ministry of Religious Affairs
M R A
MASJID WAKF/HUBUS HADJJ ZAKAT
13. Cont..
• The Ministry of Religious Affairs controlled an
estimated 15,000 public mosques.
• Imams were trained, appointed, and paid by the
government, and the Friday khutba, was issued to
them by the Ministry of Religious Affairs.
• That ministry also administered religious
property, the habus, provided for religious
education and training in schools, and created
special institutes for Islamic learning.
15. Cont..
• The first administrator is the Imam appointed by the Directorate of
Religious Affairs.
• Assisted by Religious Committee.
Important tasks for Imam:
• Ensures Imam peaceful responsibility to its employees, and works
on religious, cultural, scientific and social activities.
Important functions of the Committee:
• The role of the construction and renovation of mosques.
• Furnishing
• Maintaining mosques libraries.
• provide section for the memorization of the Holy Quran. And
housing for imams and muezzins and teachers of the Quran.
16. The Institution of the Mosque
• Established in each wilaya by ministry for the
management and organization of waqf.
• Mosque is public waqf in accordance with
Article II of the Executive Decree 91/89 dated
23/03/1991.
17. Cont..
Consists of four councils and Office approved by the
Minister:
1- Scientific Council
2- Council of Building and processing
3- Council of ikra and Education
4- Council of subul khayrat ( good things)
With regard to the Office of the institution of the mosque is
composed with the Trustees of the four Councils and is
headed by Nazir of Religious Affairs.
18. Cont..
• Main Tasks of Mosque institution:
- Care of The construction of mosques and
Quranic schools .
- Care of The architecture of mosques.
- Protection of the sanctity of mosques and
protect their property.
- Activate the movement of waqf and
rationalizing investment of awqaf.
19. Administration of
Waqf=Hubus=Tasbil
• before ottoman empire
• Ottoman Empire period
• the last period of ottoman empire
Pre-colonial period
(before 1830)
•policy of elimination of
waqf
Colonial period
(1830-1962):
•Process of waqf
Post-colonial:
Independence(1962)
20. Pre-colonial period
(before 1830)
before ottoman empire(...-1516): few information, wilayat
wakf(nazarat wakf) was under waqif or mawquf alaih or kadi…
Ottoman Empire period Worked on:
• Stabilize endowments through the appointment of principals of
endowments(nazir) who perished.
• also takes specific importance for the wakaf of the Two Holy
Mosques , when has assigned its management to kadi-kodat.
the last period of ottoman empire : was characterized by Institutional
structure for the management of endowments:
• Awqaf institution of Two Holy Mosques
• awqaf institution of algerian Great Mosque
• awqaf institution of subul khayrat
• awqaf institution of bayto mal
• awqaf institution of people of Andalusia
21. Colonial period
(1830-1962):
French administration acted in accordance with the
ruler's policy on the issuance of a number of laws and
decrees And consecutive decisions to eliminate waqf (
Endowments), we mention the most important:
• Resolution dated September 8, 1830
• Decree issued on December 7, 1830
• Resolution dated October 1, 1844
• Decree of the October 30, 1858
• In the final Act of 26 July 1873 came project "warnnier:
final liquidation of the Waqf Properties.
22. Post-colonial:
Independence(1962)
After independence there was not of Wakf, the
real property is divided into four categories:
- state property,
- property belonging to the occupant (colonizer)
- property belonging to the private ownership of
some of the Algerians,
- property without ownership.
23. Cont..
The establishment of the administration of Awqaf passed
through phases:
• Of the year 1962 - 1984, there is no special law for
endowments.
• The first special law of Waqf, was the Law No. 84/11
dated 06.09.1984 .
• Constitution of 1989, which recognized in article 49
Proprietary endowment: founded the constitutional
protection for waqf.
• Confirmed this Protection of the constitutional
amendment of 1996 under Article 52.
24. Endowment management structure
the Ministry of
Religious
Affairs
Committee(lajna)
of Endowments
The directorate of
Awqaf, Zakat, Haji
and omra
Directorate of Religious Affairs and Awqaf
and institution of mosque
Agent (waqil)of Awqaf
the supervisor(nazir) of waqf
General
Inspectorate
(mufatichiah)
25. Committee of Endowments
• Established by a resolution of the Minister of Religious Affairs,
which determines his composition and functions .
• This Committee is primarily responsible for the waqf of property
after the minister, who is working under his authority.
• The most important tasks:
- The settlement of the status of public and private properties of waqf.
- The settlement of the status of all the land of wakf allocated for the
construction of mosques and religious projects....Within the general
endowments
- The settlement of the status of waqf properties which became the
public waqf after interruption the inheritor (Which was private
endowments).
26. General Inspectorate
Are under the authority of the minister, his
function are: monitoring visits and
inspections, Focused on the follow-up to
exploit the endowment property projects and
inspect and prepare periodic reports on the
Sent by the Inspector General to the Minister
in accordance with the provisions of Article 4
of the same Decree 2000/371 dated
18/11/2000.
27. The Directorate of Awqaf, Zakat, Haji
and Omra
• Under the authority of the minister, which brought about under the
text of Article III of the Executive Decree No. 05/146, dated
07/11/2005.
• The following main tasks:
- Find Waqf of properties, registration and ensure publish it and
counting.
- On the management of Waqf properties and investment and
development programs.
- Follow up the collection of waqaf properties and to identify ways of
dispensing.
- Improved financial management and encouraging awaqaf.
- Ensure the amanah of Waqf Properties Committee .
28. Directorate of Religious Affairs and
Awqaf and institution of mosque
1- Directorate of Religious Affairs and Awqaf :
we find it in each wilaya(48), Ensures to manage
endowment property, protection and search and
inventoried and documented Administratively in
accordance with the applicable regulation:
[Article 10 of the Executive Decree 98/381].
2-institution of mosque :Activate endowment
movement and rationalizing of investment of
awqaf
29. Agent
(wakil) of waqf
• His duties under the supervision of the
Directorate of Religious Affairs and Awqaf,
watching locally site endowment, and follows
the work of supervisor Waqf property and
monitored in accordance with Article 11 of
Executive Decree 98/381
30. The supervisor(nazir) of waqf
• His function is The management Waqf
Properties: exploited, save, protect him.
According to Article 33 of the Endowments Act
91/10
31. The National diwan (Office) of Hajj and
Umrah
• The establishment of the National diwan of
Hajj and Umrah by executive decree No. 349-
07 amended and supplemented on17
November 2007.
• Public institution of an industrial and
commercial nature.
• managed by general manager and It is under
the tutelage of the minister of religious
affairs and endowments.
32. Cont..
The diwan consists of:
• A representative of the prime minister,
• A representative of the Minister in charge of the Interior and Local
Communities,
• A representative of the minister in charge of foreign affairs,
• A representative of the Minister of Finance,
• A representative of the Minister in charge of Health and Population
and Hospital Reform,
• A representative of the minister in charge of transport, a
representative of the Minister in charge of tourism,
• Director in charge of Hajj and Umrah,
• A representative of the Bank of Algeria.
33. main tasks of the national diwan of
hajj and umrah:
• physical and human preparation for the Hajj operation inside and in the
holy Bekaa.
• Data collection on the process of pilgrimage.
• physical organization of demonstrations, seminars and meetings related to
the process of pilgrimage.
• Participate in the selection of officers in charge of the pilgrims service and
determine their number and evaluation of their activities.
• The development of exchange relations and cooperation with national or
foreign bodies that operate in Hajj and Umrah.
• evaluation processes.
The diwan provide also quality services to the mutamirines through travel
agencies, tourism and various dealers In this context, the following tasks:
• Data collection on the process of Umrah, processing and utilization.
• Choose officers in charge of mutamirines inside and the holy Bekaa.
• Ensure proper administration umrah.
• ensure the return of mutamirines after the expiration of the period
prescribed for the Umrah.
34. Administration of Zakat
• Zakat Fund institution:Is a religious social institution
operates under the supervision of the Ministry of
Religious Affairs and Endowments, established in 2002.
• The role of the Zakat Fund in the reduction of poverty and
unemployment by financing small and medium enterprises
• Managed by The religious affairs ministry: according to his
instruction: steps of collection and distribution.
• collection:
• zakat should to be given to mosque commissions or putting
it in Zakat funds that is located in each official mosque.
• the money must not be kept in mosques. Imams should
account and transfer it to Zakat Fund current account.
35. Distribution of Zakat
Detail of distribution of Zakat:
collect greater than 5 million dinars
• 50% of the poor and needy
• 12.5% of employees (amil) and zakat activity.
• 37.5% of the investment and loan Hassan
Collect less than 5 million dinars
• 87.5% of the poor and needy
• 12.5% of employees (amil) and zakat activity.
36. Cont..
Distribution:
Mosque commissions determined priorities in granting
Zakat money.
• Widows with their children come first
• followed by divorced women with children.
• Each family’s quota is defined according to money
value collected in their area.
note: Majority given zakat an individual manner, away
from official channels, lack of confidence on the
management of zakat.
37. conclusion
it can be said that indeed the Islamic
principles of administration can give massive
impact to the betterment of any organization,
its leader, managers and employees for the life
in this world and Hereafter.
