The document provides an overview of extended reality (XR) and its socio-political context in education, discussing various ethical frameworks for XR implementation. It references important theories and works, including Milgram’s Mixed Reality Spectrum and Lessig’s Pathetic Dot Theory, to outline the ethical considerations in XR environments. Additionally, it highlights the significance of privacy, biometric data, and the potential impacts of XR on mental privacy and identity.

1. Quick Primer on
XR Ethics for Education
Kent Bye

2. ● What is Extended Reality?
● Socio-Political Context of Technology
● Setting Context for XR Ethics in
Education
● XR Ethics Frameworks for Education

3. ● What is Extended Reality?
● Socio-Political Context of Technology
● Setting Context for XR Ethics in
Education
● XR Ethics Frameworks for Education

4. Milgram’s Mixed Reality Spectrum
Milgram, P. and Kishino, F. (1994) A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems,
E77-D, 1321-1329. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.102.4646
Real Environment
Virtual Environment
Physical
Reality
Augmented
Reality
Virtual
Reality

5. Microsoft’s Mixed Reality Spectrum
Microsoft (2020, August 26). What is mixed reality? Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/mixed-reality/discover/mixed-reality

6. Microsoft’s Mixed Reality Spectrum
Microsoft (2020, August 26). What is mixed reality? Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/mixed-reality/discover/mixed-reality

8. Steinicke, F. (2021, March 31). B(l)ending Realities. Keynote lecture presented at The IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality
and 3D User Interfaces in Spain (virtual), Libson. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ds-h1J4MFMI&t=13496s

9. ● What is Extended Reality?
● Socio-Political Context of
Technology
● Setting Context for XR Ethics in
Education
● XR Ethics Frameworks for Education

10. Lessig, Lawrence, Code 2.0, Chapter: What Things Regulate (available in
print: Lawrence Lessig (2006). Code. Lawrence Lessig. pp. 120–137. ISBN
978-0-465-03914-2.
Lessig’s Pathetic
Dot Theory
Nested
Contexts
vs

11. Lessig’s Pathetic Dot Theory
Lessig, Lawrence, Code 2.0, Chapter: What Things Regulate (available in print: Lawrence Lessig (2006). Code. Lawrence Lessig. pp. 120–137. ISBN 978-0-465-03914-2.
Market
Law
Cultural
Norms
Technology
Architecture
& Code

12. Culture

13. Laws
Culture

14. Economy
Laws
Culture

15. Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines

16. User
Experience
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines

17. App Code
User
Experience
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines

18. OS Code
App Code
User
Experience
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines

19. OS Code
App Code
User
Experience
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Hardware
& Tech
Architecture

20. OS Code
App Code
User
Experience
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Hardware
& Tech
Architecture

21. Human
Rights
Principles
Governments
& Laws
XR Companies
XR Hardware
Ethical
Design
Principles
XR
Experiences
Users

22. ● What is Extended Reality?
● Socio-Political Context of Technology
● Setting Context for XR Ethics in
Education
● XR Ethics Frameworks for Education

23. Photo by
Laval Virtual Visionaries Think Tank 2019
Brainstorm on XR Ethics

24. Photo by

25. Photo by

26. XR Ethics Manifesto
@KentBye

28. Stewart, M. (2021, July 23). Breadth & depth: Why I'm optimistic about Facebook's responsible innovation efforts.
Facebook Technology. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://tech.fb.com/responsible-innovation/.

29. Extend reality with awareness! XR safety and privacy guide for artists - XR Safety Initiative. XRSI. (2020, December 10). Retrieved October 8, 2021, from
https://xrsi.org/publication/extend-reality-with-awareness-xr-safety-and-privacy-guide-for-artists.
XR Safety Initiative
Framework for XR
Risk Assessment
(2020)

31. Educational Impacts of
Avatar Embodiment

32. Diverse Selection of Avatars

33. Biometric Data & Identity

34. Ethics of Using Biometric Feedback

35. Threats to Mental Privacy

36. (1) The right to identity
(2) The right to agency
(3) The right to mental privacy
(4) The right to fair access to mental
augmentation
(5) The right to protection from
algorithmic bias
Proposed Neuro-Rights
Yuste, R.,Genser, J. & Herrmann, S. "It's Time for Neuro-Rights." Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development, no. 18,
2021. pp 154-164. JSTOR, https://www.cirsd.org/en/horizons/horizons-winter-2021-issue-no-18/its-time-for-neuro--rights. Accessed 31 Mar. 2021.

37. Privacy. Office of Educational Technology. (2018, May 8). Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://tech.ed.gov/privacy/.

38. Privacy. Office of Educational Technology. (2018, May 8). Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://tech.ed.gov/privacy/.
Access to XR Technology

39. Volumetric Privacy

40. Escapism & Addiction

41. Screen Time

42. Virtual Violence

43. VR Motion Sickness

44. Being Aware of
Triggers to Trauma

45. Virtual Being Influencers

46. Virtual Harassment & Bullying

47. Algorithmic Bias

48. Accessibility

50. ● What is Extended Reality?
● Socio-Political Context of Technology
● Setting Context for XR Ethics in
Education
● Other XR Ethics Frameworks
for Education

51. Lessig, Lawrence, Code 2.0, Chapter: What Things Regulate (available in
print: Lawrence Lessig (2006). Code. Lawrence Lessig. pp. 120–137. ISBN
978-0-465-03914-2.
Lessig’s Pathetic
Dot Theory
Nested
Contexts
vs

52. Southgate, E. (2020). Virtual reality in curriculum and pedagogy: Evidence from secondary classrooms. Routledge.
Actioned Pedagogy for
Immersive Learning
(2020)

53. Christopoulos, A.; Mystakidis, S.; Pellas, N.; Laakso, M.-J. ARLEAN: An Augmented Reality
Learning Analytics Ethical Framework. Computers 2021, 10, 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10080092
ARLEAN: An Augmented
Reality Learning
Analytics Ethical
Framework (2021)

54. Lee, J. J., & Hu-Au, E. (2021, October 6). E3XR: An analytical framework for ethical, educational and eudaimonic XR design.
Frontiers. Retrieved October 8, 2021, from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frvir.2021.697667/full.
E3XR: An Analytical
Framework for Ethical,
Educational and
Eudaimonic XR Design
(2021)

55. Quick Primer
on XR Ethics
for Education
@KentBye